Ngokobufakazi obutholakele kuze kube manje, ubhiya wokuqala wesintu waphekwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezine ngaphambi kukaKristu ngama-Elamites asendulo, abantu ababehlala e-Iran yanamuhla.
Laba baphisi be-Asia babengenazo izinsizakusebenza zobuchwepheshe, ezibonakalayo kanye nemininingwane onazo uma uzokwenza ubhiya wakho wokuqala.
Njengamanje kuphuzwa amalitha kabhiya angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-200 emhlabeni ngonyaka, kumikhiqizo yezentengiselwano engenakubalwa, kodwa ayikho intokozo engaqhathaniswa nokuphuza iwayini elikhazimulayo elenziwe nguwe.
Kuyiphrojekthi ethokozisayo ukuthi, uma uyenza ngokuzinikela, ezokuvumela ukuthi ube yisihlabani phakathi kweqembu labangane bakho. Landela lesi sinyathelo esinemininingwane futhi esiphelele ngesinyathelo futhi uzokwenza kwenzeke.
Ubumnandi bokubona ingane izalwa
Ngubani ongathandi ubhiya obandayo? Akukho okungcono ukupholisa umoya ngosuku olushisayo, ikakhulukazi uma usebhishi.
Siphila ezikhathini ezinzima futhi abantu abaningi baphendukela ezintweni zokuzilibazisa abangathola kuzo ukonga kwezezimali, bephuza ukuba ngomunye wabo.
Kepha into ethakazelisa kakhulu ngokwenza ubhiya wakho ngokwakho akuyona inzuzo yezomnotho kangako; Kungakubiza nokuningi kunokuthenga i-batch enhle esitolo.
Okubaluleke ngempela injabulo enikeza yona yokubuka umsebenzi uzalwa bese kuba yisikhathi esingenakuqhathaniswa sokuzama nokuzithokozisa neqembu labangane elikhethiwe.
Awudingi imishini eminingi emnandi futhi ebizayo ukwenza iqoqo lakho lokuqala likabhiya.
Ikhithi ephelele yokuphekela ikhishi ekhaya itholakala cishe ngama- $ 150.
Uma ungumthandi kabhiya futhi ucabanga ngesikhathi esimaphakathi, lelo nani lemali lingaphansi kakhulu kwalokho olichitha uthenga ubhiya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
Le mishini ingathengwa ezitolo eziku-inthanethi eziyiletha ekhaya lakho. Kungaba yiphrojekthi okufanele yenziwe futhi ixhaswe phakathi kweqembu labangane.
Ukwenza iqoqo lakho lokuqala likabhiya uzodinga okulandelayo:
Imbiza enkulu:
Umthamo wesitsha uzoya ngosayizi wenqwaba yokuqala ofuna ukuyenza. Kunconywa ukuqala ngeqoqwana elincane, elilungiswe embizeni okungenani yama-4 amalitha womthamo, ukwandisa ivolumu ngokuya ngentuthuko ekusebenzeni kwenqubo. Izimbiza ezinkulu zisiza ukunciphisa ukuchitheka.
Amashubhu nezibopho:
Ukwenza i-siphon yokukhipha futhi ibhodlela ubhiya. Kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ithubhu lepulasitiki ebangeni lokudla, amamitha ayi-1,83 (amamitha ayi-1.83) ubude no-3/8 amayintshi (0.95 amasentimitha) ububanzi. Izibopho zingathengwa esitolo sehadiwe noma esitolo sezinto ezikhethekile zobhiya.
Ibhakede lokuvutshelwa elingangeni moya:
Kukhethwa i-carboy yengilazi noma ujeke, yize ibhakede lepulasitiki elinamalitha ayi-5 lizokwenza. Ibhodlela lengilazi linenzuzo yokuthi kulula ukugcina lihlanzekile futhi lingenawo amagciwane, liphinde lithenge ibhulashi lokuhlanza ibhodlela.
Isikhiye somoya noma isicupho somoya esine-plug:
Ubukhulu obudingekayo bokuzivumelanisa nebhakede noma isilinda.
Ibhodlela lokugcwalisa:
Ayatholakala ezitolo ezikhethekile zobhiya wobuciko futhi kufanele akwazi ukulingana ukuphela kwethebhu yokudweba noma i-siphon.
I-thermometer:
Ohlobo olintantayo, ngeziqu eziphakathi kuka-zero no-100 degrees Celsius noma phakathi kwama-32 nama-220 degrees Fahrenheits. Ngokuvamile, i-thermometer izodingeka kuphela uma uphuza ubhiya ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezilawulwayo, okungajwayelekile kubaqalayo.
Amabhodlela:
Uzodinga amabhodlela kabhiya aphezulu ama-12-ounce, anele ukufaka ibhodlela lemali eyenziwe. Amabhodlela avulekile kalula awanconywa lezo ezidinga ukuvula ibhodlela ziyancomeka. La mabhodlela atholakala ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Isigaxa sebhodlela:
Kuyinto yomshini osetshenziselwa ukubeka ikepisi emabhodleleni. Ungayithenga esitolo esikhethekile noma uyiboleke kumngane owaziyo ukuthi inakho.
Izigqoko ezintsha zamabhodlela:
Lawa owadingayo ngenani lamabhodlela ukugcwalisa nokuvala. Njengoba ithengiswa ngamaqoqo, uzodinga amakepisi angama-50 uma uzobhodlela amalitha ayi-19 kabhiya.
Isixazululo segciwane:
Ubhiya ubuthakathaka kakhulu futhi ungatheleleka kalula, ngakho-ke yonke into ezosetshenziswa kumele ibulawe amagciwane ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Ungasebenzisa okokuhlanza indlu, uhlanze kahle ukuze ugweme ukungcoliswa.
Izithako ezidingekayo
Uhlu lwezithako ezilandelayo selusungulwe ekuphekeni amalitha ayi-5 kabhiya wobuciko oyisisekelo (ezinye izitayela zobhiya zidinga ezinye izithako ezingekho ohlwini):
- I-Malt: Amakhilogremu ayi-6 (2.73 kilograms) we-malt akhanyayo ngaphandle kwamahops. Imvamisa iza ngamathini wamakhilogremu ama-3 lilinye. Imithombo inikeza ama-carbohydrate ukuze ukuvutshelwa kotshwala kwenzeke ngesikhunta semvubelo. Ukukhishwa kukamalayini owomile nakho kuyamukeleka.
- Imvubelo: iphakethe lomvubelo ketshezi wohlobo Imvubelo ye-Wyeast American Ale liquid # 1056, noma uhlobo Amalebhu Amhlophe California Ale # WLP001. Imvubelo ewuketshezi yenza kube nokwenzeka ukwenza ubhiya osezingeni eliphakeme. Izitolo zobhiya zobuciko zinayo le mikhiqizo.
- Hop: 2.25 ounces (64 amagremu) ama-hops I-East Kent Goldings Hops. Imbali ye-hop iyisithako esidlulisa ukunambitheka kwayo okubabayo kubhiya. Ama-pellets we-Hop ajwayelekile futhi kulula ukuwagcina. Amahops asele angasetshenziswanga kufanele agcinwe efriziwe emasakeni okhiye be-zip.
- Ushukela: I-2/3 yenkomishi kashukela yokuncoma ubhiya. Ushukela wommbila usetshenziswa njalo, obuye utholakale esitolo esikhethekile.
Sibutsetelo senqubo yokwenza utshwala
Ukukhiqizwa kukabhiya kufaka izigaba ezi-5 eziyisisekelo: ukukhiqizwa kwe-wort, ukupholisa nokuvutshelwa, ukuqala nokufaka amabhodlela, ukuguga; nokusetshenziswa.
Ngezansi sichaza kafushane incazelo yesigaba ngasinye, esizokwakhiwa ngokuningiliziwe ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukulungiselela okudingekayo: ukukhishwa kukamalt okukhanyayo kanye nohops kubiliswa ngamalitha amabili kuya kwamathathu amanzi cishe ihora elilodwa, ukuze kubulawe ukukhishwa bese kuvumela imbali ye-hop ukuthi ikhiphe izinhlanganisela eziletha ubumuncu kubhiya.
Ingxube eshisayo evela kule nqubo ibizwa nge-wort.
Ukupholisa nokuvutshelwa: i-wort ivunyelwe ukupholisa ekamelweni lokushisa bese idluliselwa ku-fermenter, lapho amanzi angeziwe adingekayo ukufinyelela amalitha ama-5 afunwayo ku-batch yokuqala.
Ngokufuneka ekamelweni lokushisa, imvubelo iyangezwa ukuqala inqubo yokuvutshelwa bese kuthi ukuvalwa komoya kubekwe futhi kuvalwe, okuvumela ukuphuma kwesikhutha esikhiqizwa ukuvutshelwa, kuvimbele ukungena kwanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo ongcolisayo ku-fermenter .
Kulesi sigaba, izindlela zokuhlanza zibalulekile ukuvikela okumelwe kungenwe amagciwane athile avela emvelweni. Ukuvutshelwa kuthatha isonto elilodwa noma amabili.
Ukuncoma nokufaka amabhodlela: Lapho ubhiya usuvutshiwe ngokuphelele, udluliselwa kwesinye isitsha ukuze unconywe.
Ubhiya uhlanganiswe noshukela wommbila kanti isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuqhubeka nokufaka amabhodlela. Amabhodlela avaliwe ngamakepisi kusetshenziswa i-capper, ukuqala ukuguga.
Ukuguga: ubhiya wasemabhodleleni kufanele wenze inqubo yokuguga, ehlala phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwayisithupha.
Ngesikhathi sokuguga, imvubelo esele ibilisa ushukela wommbila ongeziwe, kudale i-carbon dioxide, okuyinhlanganisela ebhebhuza kahle kubhiya.
Kungathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukufeza ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, kepha ngokuvamile, ubhiya uyaphuzwa ngemuva kwenyanga yokuguga.
Ukusetshenziswa: lesi yisigaba esakha ukulindela okukhulu. Ukukhipha ubhiya wokuqala owenziwe ngokwakho esiqandisini bese uqhubekela esinqumweni sokuqala akulula kakhulu.
Yonke le nqubo izothatha cishe amahora amane wesikhathi sakho, isabalale ngaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa, kungabalwa isikhathi sokulinda ngenxa yokuguga.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukwenza ubuciko bokwenza ubuciko nakho kungatholwa ngabantu abaphila impilo ematasa, kepha abajabulela injabulo yokwenza okuthile okuthokozisayo kusukela ekuqaleni.
Inqubo ngokuningiliziwe
Usuyayazi imishini nezithako ozidingayo ukwenza iqoqo lakho lokuqala lobhiya wobuciko kanye nezigaba ezijwayelekile zenqubo yokukhiqiza.
Manje sizosondela esiteji ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ngokulandela izigaba ezi-5 eziboniswe ngaphambili.
Isigaba 1: Ukulungiselela okufanele
Kwabaningi abaphuza emakhaya, lesi yisiteji abasithandayo ngenxa yenjabulo esiyinikeza izinzwa, ikakhulukazi i-olfactory, iphunga le-wort elinyakazayo futhi eliqhumayo.
Embizeni engaba amalitha ama-5, ugeze, wahlanza amagciwane futhi wageza kahle, beka phakathi kwamalitha amabili kuya kwamathathu wamanzi bese uwabeka ekushiseni.
Lapho amanzi esefudumele, kunezelwa amakhilogremu ayi-6 (amathini amabili) ekhishwe imithombo. Njengoba lo mkhiqizo unokuvumelana okuyisiraphu, ungahle udinge amanzi amancane ashisayo ukuze ususe insali esele ngezansi nasezinhlangothini zesitsha.
Lapho kufakwa imithombo, le ngxube kufanele inyakaziswe njalo ukuvimbela isiraphu ukuba ihlale futhi igcwale phansi ebhodweni.
Le caramelization, ngisho nengxenye, ingashintsha umbala nokunambitheka kukabhiya, ngakho-ke ukuhamba kwenhlanganisela ngenkathi kusashiswa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Lapho nje ingxube engaguquguquki yenziwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuyiletha emathunjini, kodwa kufanele yenziwe kancane nangokucophelela okukhulu, ukunciphisa amagwebu.
Enye indlela yokukhawulela ukukhihliza amagwebu ukuyifafaza ngesifutho samanzi esihlanzekile. Phakathi nemizuzu yokuqala eyi-15 yenqubo yokubilisa kufanele kufinyelelwe ukubhuza okungapheli okufaka amagwebu.
Kufanele ukhiphe umthetho wokumboza ibhodwe lokushisa okusheshayo, ngoba kungaba iresiphi yokugcwala kwegwebu eligcwele isiraphu, eligijima sonke isitofu.
Ukuphatha ukushisa kwemizuzu yokuqala eyi-15 kubalulekile ekufezeni ithumba elizinzile, elinamagwebu aphansi.
Lapho ukubilisa okungapheli ngegwebu eliphansi sekutholakele, sekuyisikhathi sokwengeza amahops.
Uhobhane yisitshalo somndeni we-cannabaceae, lapho imbali engavundiswanga isetshenziselwa ukunambitha ubhiya ngokunambitheka kwawo okubabayo.
Inani elifanele (ama-ounces angu-2.25 ngeqoqo lethu likabhiya elingu-5 amalitha) liyalinganiswa futhi lingezwe ku-wort ebilayo. Abanye abenza utshwala basebenzisa ama-hops ezikhwameni zemesh ukuze bakhiphe okusele ngemuva kokuphela kokuphiswa kwe-wort.
Ingxube kufanele ibilise isikhathi esiphelele esiphakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 nengama-60. Ngesikhathi sokubilisa, ingxube kufanele inyakaziswe ngezikhathi ezithile ukugwema indle.
Usayizi wamaphilisi we-hop nesikhathi sokubilisa kuzothinta ubumuncu bukabhiya, ngakho-ke ukufaka ama-hops osayizi ofanayo kuwumqondo omuhle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzofunda ukusebenzisa ama-hops ukufeza izinga lomunyu owukhethayo.
Isigaba 2: Ukupholisa kanye nokuBilisa
Ngemuva kokubilisa, kuyadingeka ukupholisa i-wort eshisayo ekamelweni lokushisa ngokushesha ukunciphisa amathuba okutheleleka.
Abanye abenza utshwala bengeza iqhwa noma amanzi abandayo ku-wort ukusheshisa ukupholisa, beqikelela ukuthi bangadluli inani eliphelele lamanzi.
Abanye abapheki abaphambili kakhulu banedivayisi yokupholisa enesistimu yamapayipi ethusi esebenza njengesishintshisi sokushisa.
Kunoma ikuphi, ngaphambi kokudlulisela okumelwe ku-fermenter, amanzi abandayo kufanele engezwe aze afike kumthamo wamalitha ama-5.
Kulesi sigaba senqubo, i-wort isengozini enkulu yokutheleleka, ngakho-ke i-fermenter, amashubhu we-siphon kanye ne-clamp, i-airlock nakho konke okungahlangana ne-wort nemvubelo kufanele kubulawe amagciwane futhi kuhlanzwe.
Abanye abenza utshwala basebenzisa i-bleach njengesibulala-magciwane, esidinga ukuhlanjululwa ngokucophelela ngamanzi ashisayo ukuvimbela ubhiya ukuthi unganambitheki njenge-chlorine.
Ukuvutshelwa kotshwala inqubo lapho ama-microorganisms (isikhunta esinelilodwa elilodwa elenza imvubelo) enza ama-carbohydrate, awaguqule abe utshwala ngendlela ye-ethanol, i-carbon dioxide ngendlela yegesi, nokunye okuphuma kukho.
I-wort kufanele ipholile ngokuphelele ekamelweni lokushisa ngaphambi kokuyithululela ku-fermenter bese ufaka imvubelo.
Ukungeza imvubelo ku-wort eshisayo kuzobulala imvubelo eyenzayo futhi konakalise inqubo.
Ungakhathazeki ngodoti we-hop namaprotheni, obizwa ngokuthi "kunamafu" embizeni kabhiya; iningi lalo liwela phansi ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa.
Kuzohlala njalo kungcono ukusebenzisa imvubelo ewuketshezi, esezingeni eliphakeme futhi esebenza kangcono kunokomile. Imvubelo yotshwala ivame ukufika kumashubhu epulasitiki noma amaphakethe.
Landela izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwiphakheji yemvubelo, uyifaka ngokucophelela ku-fermenter.
Lapho nje imvubelo isifakiwe, i-airlock iyashintshwa ibe nge-fermenter bese ivalwa. I-fermenter kufanele ibekwe endaweni epholile futhi emnyama, lapho kungekho khona ushintsho olungazelelwe ekushiseni.
Ukhiye womoya kufanele uqale ukubhobhoza kungakapheli amahora ayi-12 kuye kwangama-36, futhi ukuvutshelwa kufanele kuqhubeke okungenani isonto elilodwa.
Uma ungaboni ukuqhuma komoya, hlola ukuthi izingwegwe ziqinile yini. Amagwebu yi-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa ekuvutsheni futhi iyinqubo ehamba kancane nehle ize ifike ekugcineni.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi kunophawu oluhle, ukuqhuma kufanele kwehle kuye kubhamu elilodwa noma amabili ngomzuzu, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokufaka amabhodlela.
Isigaba 3: Ukuncoma nokufaka amabhodlela
Isinyathelo sokugcina ngaphambi kokufaka ubhiya ebhodleleni siyancoma futhi siqukethe ukuxuba ushukela nobhiya ukwenza i-carbonate umkhiqizo ophelile.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukuvutshelwa sekuqedile, asekhona amathuba okulimaza ubhiya, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi kubulawe konke okuzothinta, unakekele ukuthi ungakwenzi ukusakazeka okwengeza umoya-mpilo ketshezi.
Iningi labapheki bamakhaya basebenzisa ibhakede lepulasitiki elikhulu noma i-carboy ukuze ushukela ophambili kube lula ukuwuhlanganisa ngokulinganayo. Leli bhakede kumele lihlanzwe kahle, kanye nesiphon sokukhipha, amathuluzi futhi empeleni amabhodlela.
Ngamabhodlela kufanele uqaphele ikakhulukazi; qiniseka ukuthi zihlanzekile futhi azinazo izinsalela, zisebenzisa ibhulashi ukususa noma yikuphi ukungcola.
Abanye abenza utshwala buhlanza amabhodlela ngokuwafaka kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-bleach bese begeza kahle.
Abanye abapheki bekhaya bahlanza amabhodlela kumshini wokuwasha izitsha, kodwa ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuhlanjululwe kahle noma yikuphi okokuhlanza okusele ukuze insipho eyinsalela ingalimazi ubhiya ngesikhathi sokuguga kwamabhodlela.
Khumbula ukuthi ngeqoqwana lakho likabhiya lokuqala kufanele ungeze u-2/3 wenkomishi kashukela wommbila noma enye enconyelwe ukuyincoma, uyingeze bese uyixuba ngobunono ebhakedeni lokuqala.
Ngemuva kokuncoma, ubhiya usulungele ukuthululelwa emabhodleleni, kusetshenziswa ibhodlela lokugcwalisa nokunakekela ukushiya okungenani isentimitha (amasentimitha amabili nohhafu) wesikhala esingenalutho entanyeni yebhodlela ukusiza ukuvutshelwa. okokugcina.
Amabhodlela abe esevalwa nge-capper, kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ukuvalwa kwe-hermetic kukhiqiziwe. Konke okusele ukuguga ubhiya wakho wokuqala ukuze ukwazi ukuwazama ephathini ongalibaleka nabangani bakho.
Isigaba 4: Ukuguga
Kwabaningi, into enzima kakhulu ukulinda isikhathi eside ukuthi ubhiya uze ufike eminyakeni yobudala.
Yize obhiya bephuza ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, isilinganiso sasekhaya sifinyelela izinga laso eliphakeme ngesinye isikhathi phakathi kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-15 ngemuva kokufakwa ebhodleleni, isikhathi iningi labapheki bezifundela abangafuni ukulinda.
Ngesikhathi sokuguga, ubhiya ufakwa imvubelo eningi futhi imvubelo eyeqile, ama-tannins namaprotheni akha ukunambitheka okungajwayelekile, kuhlala ezansi kwebhodlela, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yesiphuzo, ngakho-ke ukwandiswa kokulinda inzuzo yakho.
Ukuzama ukulinganisela ukugijima komqali we-novice ukuphuza ibhodlela lokuqala nesikhathi sokulinda esiqinisekisa ikhwalithi encane, kunconywa ukuguga okungenani amasonto ama-3-4.
Njengesitsha sokuvutshelwa, amabhodlela kufanele agcinwe endaweni epholile, emnyama ngaphandle kokushintsha okungazelelwe kokushisa.
Ngaphandle kokuthi uphuza i-lager ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezilawulwayo, ungagcini amabhodlela esiqandisini emasontweni amabili okuqala ngemuva kokufakwa ebhodleleni.
Kuyinto elula ukuvumela i-carbonate kabhiya amasonto amabili ekamelweni lokushisa. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili okuqala, ukupholisa ubhiya kuzolisiza ukuthi lithuthuke ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba ama-tannins asele, imvubelo namaprotheni ahlala kalula emazingeni okushisa abandayo.
Isigaba 5: Ukusetshenziswa
Usuku olukhulu lokugcotshwa kokudala ubhiya wakho wokuqala selufikile. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuguga, imvubelo eyeqile, ama-tannins, namaprotheni kuzinzile ezansi kwebhodlela.
Ngakho-ke, kulula ukuthi uma ufaka ubhiya wakho wokuqala engilazini, ushiya inani elincane loketshezi ebhodleleni. Kodwa-ke, uma inhlabathi encane ingena engilazini, ungakhathazeki, ngeke ikulimaze.
Qedela isiko lokuhlonipha ubhiya wakho wokuqala: nuka okusha kwendalo yakho, uncome umbala wayo nekhanda layo eligwebu bese ekugcineni uphuze isiphuzo sakho sokuqala ngaphandle kokugwinya.
Sithemba ukuthi lo mhlahlandlela uzokusiza kuwe kuphrojekthi ethokozisayo yokwenza ubhiya wakho wokuqala ekhaya.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, thatha wonke amanothi ocabanga ukuthi afanelekile futhi uma iqoqo lokuqala lingalingani ncamashi ngendlela obungathanda ngayo, ungadangali. Zama futhi; Isikhathi esiningi, izinto ezinhle zithatha isikhashana.
