Ubaba womdwebi odumile uFrida, wayengumthwebuli zithombe owaziwayo owathi phakathi kuka-1904 no-1908 waya ezinhlanganweni ezahlukahlukene ezweni ukuyokwakha iqoqo elihle lamapuleti akhishwa ngo-1909.
Isibongo Kahlo Kuyaziwa cishe emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yomdwebi odumile, kepha kuncane okusakazekile ngoGuillermo, ubaba kaFrida nodadewabo abane. Kulo mndeni, ukudweba kwakungekhona ukuphela kobuciko obabusenziwa ngoba ubaba wayenguye, futhi uyaqhubeka nokuba, umthwebuli wezithombe owaziwa emkhakheni wobuciko ngokugqama kwakhe izithombe zokwakha. Lapho eneminyaka engu-19, wafika eMexico City ngo-1891 evela eJalimane, njengabanye abantu bokufika abaningi, ekhuthazwe yizindaba zikaHumboldt nangamathuba entuthuko enhle enikezwa yisizwe ngotshalomali olukhulayo lwaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.
Ngokungafani nabanye abathwebuli bezithombe bakwamanye amazwe abahamba noma abazinza eMexico, izithombe zikaKahlo zikhombisa ubukhulu bezwe ngokwakhiwa kwalo, okulamulwa yiso elifana neliwumkhiqizo wokuhlolwa kwesandulela sokwakhiwa kwamakoloni futhi yaqala kabusha ngaphambi kokuphela kwekhulu le-19, njengengxenye yenqubo yomlando, ekhombisa ngasikhathi sinye ubujamo bezwe obaziwa esikhathini esidlule.
Zonke izithombe
Ngo-1899 wayesevele esungulwe estudiyo sakhe futhi washada UMatilde Calderon, ndodakazi yomthwebuli zithombe, okuthiwa wayefunda. Ngo-1901 wanikela ngomsebenzi wakhe emaphephandabeni, ememezela ukufezeka “kwazo zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi emkhakheni wezithombe. Okukhethekile: izakhiwo, izindlu zangaphakathi zamakamelo, izimboni, imishini, njll., Ama-oda atholwa ngaphandle kwenhlokodolobha ”.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi ngokufanayo, wenza ukulandela okuningana kwezithombe kusukela ekwakhiweni kuya ekuvulweni kwamabhilidi amasha enhlokodolobha, njengeBoker House nePost Office Building, nakho okufakazele ubungcweti besizwe, njengezinkomba zenqubekela phambili.
Iningi lezithombe ezishiwo lapha ziyingxenye yokushicilelwa Amathempeli aphethwe nguhulumeni, iphrojekthi esekelwa nguJosé Yves Limantour, uNgqongqoshe Wezezimali noPorfirio Díaz. Ucwaningo lwezithombe lwaludingeka ukuze lusetshenziswe njengempahla yezakhiwo zecawa ezashintsha ubunikazi ngaphansi kombuso kaJuárez futhi ngale njongo, baqasha uGuillermo Kahlo, owasuka ngo-1904 kuya ku-1908 enhloko-dolobha kanye nasezifundazweni zaseJalisco, eGuanajuato, eMexico , IMorelos, iPuebla, iQuerétaro, iSan Luis Potosí neTlaxcala, bethatha izithombe zamathempeli amakoloni kanye nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, elashicilelwa ngemiqulu engama-25 ngonyaka ka-1909. Kusuka kuma-albhamu atholakala, siyazi ukuthi ngalinye lalinemibhalo engama-50 yesiliva / ye-gelatin enamathoni we-platinum Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi umbhali kumele ngabe wenze okungenani imibhalo yokugcina engu-1,250 yeqoqo ngalinye. Isithombe ngasinye sibekwe kumakhadibhodi aphrintiwe futhi abiyela isithombe, imidwebo yamaribhoni ukunambitheka kobuciko obusha. Ngokuvamile, igama lethempeli, umasipala noma isimo se-republic lapho likhona liyavela emaphethelweni aphansi wesithombe ngasinye, okwenza ukuhlonza kwaso kusheshe kakhudlwana, ngaphezu kwenombolo yepuleti ngokuqinisekile evumela umbhali ukuthi azilandele.
Isampula lokwenza kahle
Amanani noma izingcezu ezizodwa ezisindile kuze kube namuhla ziyizibonelo zomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu walo mthwebuli zithombe. Izithombe ezihlanzekile lapho kubusa ukuhleleka, isilinganiso, ibhalansi nokulinganisa; ngegama elilodwa, lihle kakhulu. Ukufeza kwayo kwenzeke ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwale nqubo, isifundo sangaphambilini nesinakekile sesikhala nokucaca kwenhloso: i-inventory. Sibe sesithola ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe njengendlela yokuqopha nokulawula, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa inani lazo lobuciko.
Ukufeza lokhu, uKahlo wabhala konke okusemandleni. Ngokuvamile, wenza isithombe sangaphandle sethempeli ngalinye elimboza yonke inkimbinkimbi yokwakhiwa kwesinye isikhathi futhi kwesinye isikhathi wenza nokusondela kwemibhoshongo nendlu. Ama-facade nawo abaluleke kakhulu ezama ukufaka zonke izinto. Ngaphakathi, uphethe ukubhalisa ama-vaults, izigubhu, ama-pendentives, amakholomu, ama-pilasters, amawindi, isibhakabhaka, izinkantolo, njll. Kumhlobiso wangaphakathi wenza isibhamu sezinsimbi ze-altare, ama-altare, imidwebo nezithombe ezibaziweyo, phakathi kokunye. Phakathi kwefenisha siyayibona idilowa, amatafula, iziduduzi, amashibhuki ezincwadi, izihlalo, izihlalo, izitulo, ama-facistole, amakhandlela, izinti zamakhandlela, njll. Esithombeni ngasinye kuqoqwe izinto eziningi eziwusizo ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, umlando nomlando wobuciko.
Ngalesi sizathu, lezi zithombe zakha umthombo ongashi ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene. Ngazo singazi ukuthi lezi zikhumbuzo zatholakala kanjani ngaphambi kwemizabalazo yezinguquko eyasiza ukuphangwa kwezinye zazo; ezinye ziyindawo yabo nokuthi babebukeka kanjani ngaphambi kwamaphrojekthi wokwakhiwa kwamadolobha edolobheni abenze banyamalala. Futhi zilusizo ekwenzeni ukubuyiselwa kwamabhilidi, ekutholeni imidwebo noma izithombe ezibaziwe ezilahlekile noma ezisanda kwebiwa, kanye nokufunda ngokusetshenziswa namasiko futhi, nenjabulo yobuhle.
Ngesikhathi seminyaka engamashumi amabili yekhulu elidlule, lezi zithombe zisetshenziswe kabusha ukufanekisa Amasonto aseMexico nguDkt. Atl, kepha kulokhu baphinde bakhiqizwa kabusha ku-photogravure, ngakho-ke banekhwalithi ephansi.
