Uma sibheka abantu bomdabu abakhuluma ulimi lwendabuko - iHuasteco, iTotonac, isiNahuatl, i-Otomí noma iTepehua - lesi sibalo sonke simele amaphesenti angama-20 kuphela engqikithi ehlala eHuasteca.
Iningi lawo ama-mestizo, ngaphezu kwama-nuclei wabantu abamhlophe namanye ama-mulattoes asogwini. Phakathi kwabantu bomdabu, iphesenti elikhuluma ulimi lwesiHuasteco lincane kakhulu futhi lilinganiselwe emadolobheni amaningana eSan Luis Potosí naseVeracruz, ngenkathi eHidalgo lolo limi lunyamalele, njengamagama okuqala amadolobha, aqanjwe kabusha ngokolimi. i-hegemonic, isiNahuatl (Huejutla, Yahualica, Huautla, Jaltcan ...).
Iningi lamagama ama-Huastec abantu atholakala eSan Luis Potosí futhi aqala ngesiqalo tam, okusho ukuthi “indawo” (Tamazunchale, Tamuín, Tamasopo…) Ngokumangazayo, ukuphela kwesifundazwe ogama laso kungumvelaphi we-Huasteco yiTamaulipas.
Lezi zimo azivimbanga ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko eHuasteca elinezici ezivamile phakathi kwamaqembu ezinhlanga zokuqala, ahlanganiswe nezici zamasiko aseSpain. Le syncretism eyingqayizivele ithuthukise umuzwa wobudlelwano okwabiwe amaNdiya nabamestizo.
Abantu bomdabu abakhuluma isiNahuatl nesiHuasteco baziwa njengoHuastecos, kanye nabamestizo abangasakhulumi ulimi lwendabuko, kepha abelana ngamasiko afanayo namaNdiya, njengomculo wesintu nemidanso.
Umdanso
Njengakwezinye izizinda zamasiko ezweni, imidanso yamaHuastec iveza okwehlukile, kuya ngendawo, ngokwesibonelo iTsacamson, okuyiyona ejwayelekile emikhosini yeTancanhuitz, kepha cishe ayaziwa kwamanye amadolobha. IPolitson idanse eTampate, kuphela.
Kuneminye imidanso yesifunda, njengeGavilanes, efana naleyo yamapheshana ePapantla; amaWands, lapho abadansi belingisa khona ukunyakaza kwezilwane; amaNegrito, amaSantiago, amaXochitines kanye neMatlachine edume kuzwelonke.
IHuapango inikeza ubuningi bezinhlobonhlobo, njengama-zapateados we-Huasteca avela eVeracruz, ahlukile ePotosina, lapho ehamba kancane ngejubane nangejubane nangenxa yombala wengubo. Lapho kuculwa iHuapango, abadansi abanyatheli; bavele bashelele izinyawo zabo kancane, baqale kabusha ngokuthepha kuze kungene umculo.
Umdanso wamaRibhoni noma amaRibhoni ungenye yezimpawu zeHuastec zokuziqhenya okukhulu: udansa ngababili esiyingini, ngenkathi enkabeni insizwa iphethe isigxobo esinamaribhoni anemibala, esisodwa kumdansi ngamunye. Abadansi benza izinguquko zabo bese benza imbali enezintambo, okuwuphawu lokuphila; bese benza ukuvela kolunye uhlangothi ukuze basuse isibalo futhi bahlale njengasekuqaleni.
Imvunulo kaHuasteco
Izikhumbuzo zangaphambi kweSpanishi kumaHuastecas zisinda ezimpahleni ezinhle zendabuko nezimibalabala. Zinobuntu futhi ziyizifanekiselo kangangokuthi eSan Luis Potosí, uma sibala isibonelo esisodwa, sekube yingubo emele yombuso. Lokhu kuphela okwezingubo zabesifazane, ngoba amadoda amaHuastec acishe alahlekelwa umkhuba wokugqoka imvunulo yawo yendabuko.
Ingubo yabesifazane ihlukaniswa nge-quisquem noma i-cayem (kwezinye izifunda zethonya leNahuatl bayibiza ngokuthi yi-quechquemitl) okuluhlobo lwekapa likamhlophe elimhlophe, elilula noma elifekethisiwe ngokuphelele ekuthungeni okuhlanganisiwe.
Ngenxa yombala wayo iyamangaza kakhulu, futhi kuya ngezimpawu ezithwele, iso elikwaziyo lingahlukanisa ukuthi le ntokazi eligqokayo ivelaphi. Ungathola ama-motifs anjengaphayinaphu, i-canhuitz noma uthando imbali, onogwaja, ama-turkeys, igama lomuntu noma usuku.
I-quisquem nayo inomphetho woboya ofana nemibala yezimpawu ezifekethisiwe.
Zonke ezinye izingubo zesifazane zakhiwe ngokhunga noma isiketi, senziwe ngengubo emhlophe futhi sifinyelela phansi emadolweni (kwamanye amadolobha isiketi simnyama). I-blouse ingaba nge-calico enezimbali, noma i-artisela enemibala egqamile, ingaxubeki. Isatchel siwuhlobo oluthile lwesikhwama esilengiswe ehlombe noma entanyeni, kuyisipho somshado kaninakhulu futhi kuso abesifazane bagcina i-labab noma i-hairbrush kanye ne-tima noma i-gourd ependwe ngokubomvu, lapho bethatha khona amanzi okuphuza.
Izitayela zezinwele zowesifazane waseHuasteca iyi-petob noma umqhele, owakhiwe ngezinwele zensimbi ezixutshwe ne-lozenges yestamen yombala owodwa. Ngaphezulu kwekhanda lekhanda, abanye besifazane bagqoka ibhande le-bandana noma i-artisela ewela emuva.
Umasipala wase-Aquismón uhlala enanini elikhulu labantu bomdabu futhi okubaheha kakhulu ukuthi bagcina isiko lokugqoka imvunulo yabo ye-Huasteco ngokuziqhenya. Amadoda afaka ihembe namabhuloki okulala, ingubo ebomvu entanyeni, ibhande elinombala, ama-huarache, isigqoko sesundu esinezimbobo ezimbili engxenyeni engenhla ebizwa ngokuthi “amatshe” nobhaka owenziwe nge-zapupe.
Abesilisa bezinhlanga ezixubile nabo bagqoka amahembe amhlophe, amabhulukwe nezicathulo ezimhlophe, ikakhulukazi uma begqoke. Ama-huarache awasebenzisa wonke emsebenzini wawo emasimini.
Amasiko enkolo nawomngcwabo
Inkolo ibonakala ngeqoqo lezinto ezivumelanayo phakathi kobuKatolika nezimpande zomdabu, lapho kusalondolozwa khona ukukhonzwa kwelanga nenyanga, kutolikwa njengezakhi zobudoda nezabesifazane.
Izindlela zakudala zokuphulukisa ezihlanganiswe nemikhuba yemilingo eyenziwa yinyanga noma umthakathi zivamile, ezisebenzisa amagatsha namaqabunga ezitshalo ekuhlanzeni kwazo. Lezi zenzo zihambisana nomculo obukhoma we-violin, isiginci ne-jarana.
Maqondana nenkolo yabafileyo, eHuasteca ama-altare abuye abe nokuziqhenya okukhulu, ahlelwe etafuleni elimbozwe izimbali ze-marigold, iziphambano nemifanekiso yabangcwele ne-Virgin. Kanye nabo kubekwa ukudla kwabangasekho noswidi wezingelosi, njengamaswidi nogebhezi lukashukela.
