Izinkinga ziyafika bese kufika inkinga, kepha imboni ejwayelekile eLeón iyaqhubeka isuka emandleni iye emandleni. Ukukhiqizwa kwezicathulo, kokubili kumasifundisane amancane - nawo abizwa nge "picas" - kanye nasemafemini amakhulu, kuyanda.
Kwaqala kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwale mboni enkulu? Mhlawumbe kungenxa yalowo muzwa wobukhulu bonke abantu baseMexico abawuzuza njengefa kokhokho bethu bomdabu, ababenophawu lokuhlonishwa nokugqama okwakunelungelo lokugqoka izicathulo.
Idolobha laseLeón libhekwa njengendawo yezikhulu zezicathulo; kodwa-ke, imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi yokuqala yokwenza ngokusemthethweni kwakuyizindawo lapho "kwakusetshenzwa kakhulu futhi kukhishwa okuncane." Ngo-1645, ngamathuluzi akhiwe ngokhuni, imindeni engama-36, kufaka phakathi abaseSpain, ama-mulatto kanye nabesifazane bomdabu, bakhiqiza izicathulo ezazizogqokwa ngokuziqhenya ngabantu ababephakeme kunabo bonke.
Kodwa ngolunye usuku oluhle ujantshi wesitimela wafika eLeón, kanye nomshini wokunciphisa umthwalo wokukhiqizwa kwezicathulo nethuba lokuthekelisa e-United States. ITexas kwakuyisifundazwe sokuqala e-American Union ukuthenga kakhulu izicathulo zasebukhosini zikaLeon.
Iminyaka yadlula futhi enye imboni eyisisekelo yezicathulo yathuthukiswa ngejubane elikhulu: indawo yokushuka isikhumba yaba ngumthombo womsebenzi kubantu abaningi bomdabu kanye nozibuthe kwabokufika abazimisele ngokuthuthuka. Njengoba isikhumba sasisebenza ngokugcwele futhi sikhiqiza izikhumba ezisezingeni eliphakeme, imboni yezicathulo yakhula ngendlela yokuthi cishe yonke indlu yayiyi “pica” encane noma indawo yokusebenzela yomndeni.
Imboni yezicathulo yokuqala eyabeka izisekelo futhi yakha izinkombandlela zokuba yinkampani esemthethweni kwakuyi "La Nueva Industria", eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-1872 ngaphansi kwenduku yomnikazi wayo, uDon Eugenio Zamarripa.
Ngo-1900, u-17% wabantu ababambe iqhaza kwezomnotho basebenza embonini yezikhumba, nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwayo, ngaphandle kokufuduka kwabantu okwabangelwa yisikhukhula esonakalisayo ‘sedolobha ngo-1888.
UDon Teresa Durán wayengusomabhizinisi wokuqala wezicathulo owathi, ngo-1905, waba nombono wokwenza umkhiqizo olandelanayo, enendawo yesigaba senqubo, endaweni eyenzelwe le njongo, kanye nezinsizakalo ezifana nendawo yokugezela negumbi lokudlela labasebenzi. .
Njengamanje, izicathulo zeLeón azifuneki kuphela eRiphabhuliki yaseMexico, kepha cishe emhlabeni wonke, njengoba zithi izicathulo zeJajio zisho ikhwalithi, induduzo nokunambitheka okuhle.
