Sijoyine kulolu hambo esikhathini esedlule bese uthola nathi ukutholwa kwakamuva, kuphela okungaziwa iMexico, kulokhu, ingxenye yokuqala yemivubukulo eyeqisa.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, impucuko yaseMeya ingenye yemiphakathi eyindida kakhulu yesikhathi esedlule. Imvelo lapho yathuthukiswa khona, kanye nefa elimangalisayo lemivubukulo elisalondolozwe nanamuhla, lenza konke okuphathelene neMayan kuvuse intshisekelo eyengeziwe nokuthi ithola abalandeli abasha nsuku zonke.
Sekungamakhulu eminyaka leli siko eliyindida lihehe abavubukuli, abahloli bamazwe, abavakashisi kanye nabazingeli abazimele abaye emahlathini lapho le mpucuko ibalulekile yayihlala khona.
Ukukhulekelwa ngaphansi kwamanzi
Inkolo yamaMaya yayihlonipha onkulunkulu abehlukene, phakathi kwabo uChac, unkulunkulu wemvula, ayegqamile, owayebusa emathunjini omhlaba, endaweni yabafileyo enamanzi eyaziwa ngokuthi iXibalba.
Ngokucabanga kwakhe ngokwenkolo, le ndawo yendawo yonke yayifinyeleleka ngomlomo wemigede nama-cenotes, njengeChichén Itzá, Ek Balam no-Uxmal, ukubala nje abambalwa. Ngakho-ke babamba iqhaza elibalulekile enkolweni yabo, okufanayo kwakusetshenziswa njengezangoma noma kwakungabahlinzeki "bamanzi angcwele", kanye nezindawo zokubeka abafileyo, ama-ossuaries, izindawo zokunikela nokuhlala konkulunkulu.
Ubungcwele balezi zindawo bubonakala ngokuba khona kwezindawo eziphakathi emigedeni okwakufinyelela kuzo kuphela amadoda ezinkabi abapristi, ababephethe ukwenza amasiko lawo, omthetho wawo owawulawulwa ngokuqinile, ngoba le micimbi ukwenziwa ezindaweni ezikhethekile nezikhathi ezithile, kusetshenziswa izinto ezifanele zomcimbi. Phakathi kwezinto ezakha ukulawulwa kwesiko, amanzi angcwele noma i-zuhuy ha avela.
Ukufunda lezi zinhlelo kungasiza ukuxazulula ezinye "zezikhala" ezisekhona ocwaningweni lwemivubukulo lwaseMayan. Phakathi kokunye, ngenxa yesimo esihle kakhulu sokulondolozwa lapho okutholakala khona ezinye zezinto ezifakwe kulezi zingosi, okusisiza ukuba siqonde ngendlela ecacile ukuthi yiziphi izici zamasiko kanye nemvelo yezenhlalo ezenzeke kuyo.
Abazingeli bomcebo
Kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule, izifundo ezihlobene nemigede nama-cenotes zazimbalwa kakhulu. Ukushicilelwa kwakamuva kuqinisekisile ukubaluleka kwesiko kanye nenqwaba yolwazi oluqukethwe kulezi zinhlelo. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukwahlukaniswa ngokwemvelo nokufinyelela okunzima, ngoba kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono akhethekile njengokuphathwa kwamasu we-caving aqondile nokuqeqeshwa kwe-cave diving.
Ngalo mqondo, abacwaningi abavela e-Autonomous University of Yucatán banqume ukubhekana nenselelo yocwaningo oluphelele lwemivubukulo yemigodi yemvelo yeNhlonhlo Yucatán, lapho iqembu labavubukuli laqeqeshwa khona ngamasu we-speleological aqondile kanye nokuntywila emhumeni.
Ithimba njengamanje lizinikele ekuthungatheni izimfihlo ezigcinwa yiXibalba. Amathuluzi abo okusebenza ahlukile kulawo asetshenziswa kwimivubukulo evamile, futhi lokhu kufaka phakathi izintambo zokukhuphuka, amalifti, okokukhumbuza kabusha, amalambu nemishini yokutshuza emanzini. Umthwalo ophelele wemishini weqa amakhilogremu angama-70, okwenza ukuhamba okuya kumasayithi kube ngokweqile.
Ukuzidela komuntu
Yize umsebenzi osemkhakheni ugcwele ubumnandi nemizwelo enamandla, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ngaphambi komsebenzi wasensimini, kunesigaba sokucwaninga ehhovisi esisebenza njengomhlahlandlela wokwenza imicabango yethu yokusebenza. Eminye imigqa yophenyo esiholele ekutheni siseshe ngaphansi komhlaba kaMayan inomsuka wayo emibhalweni yasendulo ekhuluma ngemisebenzi yokunikela ngabantu nokunikelwa kuma-cenotes.
Omunye wemigqa yethu eyinhloko yocwaningo uhlobene nokuzidela kwabantu. Iminyaka eminingana bazinikezela ocwaningweni lwelabhoratri lwabantu ababekhishwe kulokho abakubize ngokuthi "Umama" wawo wonke ama-cenotes: i-Sacred Cenote yaseChichén Itzá.
Ukufundwa kwaleli qoqo elibalulekile kuveze ukuthi abantu abaphilayo abafakwanga kuphela kwi-Sacred Cenote, kodwa nokuthi kwenziwa izinhlobo eziningi zokwelashwa komzimba, okwakwenza kwaba yindawo hhayi yokuhlabela kuphela kepha nendawo yokungcwaba, ibhokisi , futhi mhlawumbe indawo, ngenxa yamandla angajwayelekile ayinikeziwe, enganciphisa amandla ezinye izinto zobuciko noma izingxenye zamathambo, okwathi ngesikhathi esithile, kwaba nemiphumela emibi, njengezinhlekelele, indlala, phakathi kwabanye. Ngalo mqondo, i-cenote yaba isisusa samandla amabi.
Ngala mathuluzi asezandleni, iqembu lomsebenzi linikezelwe ukusesha ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu esifundazweni saseYucatan, ubufakazi bemikhuba eyenziwa emigedeni nasezinhlokweni kanye nokuba khona kwezinsalela zamathambo omuntu ebezingafinyelela phansi kwalezi zindawo. ngendlela efanayo naleyo ebikiwe yeCenote Engcwele.
Lokhu akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengoba abavubukuli behlangabezana nezithiyo ezinjengokuphakama (noma ukujula) ukufinyelela kulezi zinhlelo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nezilwane ezingalindelekile, ezinjengezinkumbi ezinkulu zeminyovu yasendle nezinyosi.
Uzoqala ngaphi?
Enkambeni, iqembu lifuna ukuzitholela endaweni emaphakathi endaweni abahlose ukusebenza kuyo. Njengamanje umsebenzi wensimu usenkabeni yeYucatan, ngakho-ke idolobha laseHomún sekuyindawo yamasu.
Ngenxa yeziphathimandla zikamasipala, futhi ikakhulukazi umpristi wesonto laseSan Buenaventura, kungenzeka ukufaka ikamu ezakhiweni zesigodlo esihle samakholoni sekhulu le-16. Kusesekuseni kakhulu usuku lokusesha amasayithi amasha, kulandela amagama nezindawo ezitholakala kumlando womlando.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphumeleleni kophenyo lwethu yizimpimpi zendawo, ngaphandle kwabo okungeke kwenzeke ukuthola izindawo ezikude kakhulu. Ithimba lethu linenhlanhla yokuba noDon Elmer Echeverría, uchwepheshe wezintaba, ongowokuzalwa eHomún. Akagcini nje ngokwazi imikhondo futhi ubala ngekhanda, kepha futhi ungumbalisi ongejwayelekile wezindaba nezinganekwane.
Abaqondisi u-Edesio Echeverría, owaziwa kangcono njengo- "Don Gudi" noSantiago XXX, nabo bahamba nathi ohambweni lwethu; Bobabili, ngokusebenzisa amahora amade okusebenza, bafunde ukuphatha kahle izintambo zokuphepha zokukhumbuza nokukhuphuka, ngakho-ke futhi babe ukusekelwa okuhle kakhulu kwezokuphepha ebusweni.
Ithimba labavubukuli libheke esikhathini esizayo elinde ubuchwepheshe obunqenqemeni obubavumela ukuthi bazi ebusweni ukuthi iyini i-morphology yesayithi futhi mhlawumbe bakwazi ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinto zemivubukulo ezifihliwe ngaphansi kwensika yezansi, ngokusebenzisa imishini eyinkimbinkimbi yokuzwa kude. Lokhu kubukeka kuyiphupho elizogcwaliseka, ngoba i-Faculty of Anthropology ye-UAE isungule isivumelwano sokusebenza ne-University of Science and Technology yaseNorway.
Lesi sikhungo sihola umhlaba wonke emkhakheni wokuzwa okukude ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi kuze kube manje sisebenza ekufuneni nasekumbeni izindawo zemivubukulo ezicwile ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha angama-300, olwandle phakathi kweNorway neGreat Britain.
Ikusasa liyathembisa, kepha okwamanje, kuphela ukuphela kosuku lokusebenza.
Usuku lomsebenzi olujwayelekile
1 Vumelanani ngomzila ongawulandela nemihlahlandlela yethu. Ngaphambilini, besiphatha imibuzo nabo ukuzama ukuthola amagama ama-cenotes, amadolobha, noma ama-ranches esiwatholile ocwaningweni lwethu lwezinqolobane. Kwesinye isikhathi sigijimisana nenhlanhla yokuthi abasinikezayo bakhombe igama lakudala lesiza esithile, negama lamanje le-cenote ethile.
2 Indawo ebonakalayo yendawo. Isikhathi esiningi kuyadingeka ukwehla usebenzisa amasu wokuma mpo ukuze ukwazi ukufinyelela izindawo. Iskena sithunyelwa kuqala futhi sinesibopho sokusetha isisekelo sokuqala nokuqala ukubonwa.
3 Uhlelo lokuntywila. Lapho nje ubukhulu nokujula kwendawo sekutholakele, uhlelo lokuntywila luyasungulwa. Imisebenzi inikezwa futhi amaqembu omsebenzi asungulwa. Ngokuya ngokujula nobukhulu be-cenote, umsebenzi wokugawula kanye nokwenza imephu kungathatha izinsuku ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha.
4 Khuphuka ngentambo nokuqabuleka. Lapho sifinyelela phezulu sithatha okuthile okusisiza sikhuthazelele indlela ebuyela ekamu, lapho singathola khona isobho elishisayo.
Indawo yokulahla imininingwane. Ngemuva kokudla kwasemini ekamu, sifaka imininingwane yethu ebalulekile kuma-computer.
