Idolobha laseGuanajuato (Cuanaxhuato, "indawo yamasele" ePurépecha, igama eselivele limemezela ukwenzeka kwalo endulo kanye nokwakheka komhlaba) liseqenjini elilodwa lamadolobha aseMexico - phakathi kwalapho iTaxco neZacatecas kufanele kubalwe khona - ogama lawo labe riison lisho inselelo ezimisweni zamakholoni: kwakungeke kwenzeke ukukhetha indawo eyisicaba yokuziqinisa ngoba zakhula zizungeza idiphozi yezinsimbi eziyigugu, ezivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinamagquma, futhi akekho owayekwazi ukuthi i-bonanza izohlala isikhathi esingakanani.
Maningi amadolobha aseMexico iminyaka yawo okufanele ilinganiswe emakhulwini eminyaka; ezinye zazivele zikhona ngaphambi kokufika kweSpanish, futhi konke kwaba nezinguquko ezinkulu ngesikhathi sekolonial. Iningi labe selithatha i-physiognomy enokwehluka okumbalwa kakhulu, okuzalwe ngezinhlinzeko zokuphatha ezazidinga imigwaqo ebanzi, enxande, eneziza ezinkulu ezilinganayo - ezikhiqiza izindlu ezibukeka ngendlela efanayo - nokuthi elinye lamabhulokhi aphakathi nendawo ashiywe engenalutho: lapho isikwele besizohlala, lapho kuzungezwe khona njalo isonto, izakhiwo zikahulumeni, izitolo kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu.
Kwakudingeka ukuthi kusungulwe le mizi ye-geometry ephoqelelwe endaweni eyisicaba, futhi akumangazi ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi, uma sibheka isithombe esidala, asazi ukuthi sihambisana nobani abantu.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, idolobha laseGuanajuato (iCuanaxhuato, "indawo yamasele" ePurépecha, igama eselivele limemezela ukuthi yisikhathi sakudala nokwakheka komhlaba) liseqenjini eliyingqayizivele lamadolobha aseMexico - phakathi kwalapho iTaxco neZacatecas kufanele kubalwe khona - Kwakusho inselelo ezimisweni zamakholoni: kwakungeke kwenzeke ukukhetha indawo eyisicaba ukuyiqinisa ngoba yakhula eduze kwediphozi yezinsimbi eziyigugu, ezivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinamagquma, futhi akekho owayekwazi ukuthi i-bonanza izohlala isikhathi esingakanani.
Amanye amadolobha aba ngamadolobha angenalutho ngesikhathi esifushane, lapho umthambo wawukhathele, ngakho-ke akhula ngaphansi kwenhlanhla, endaweni engathandeki, ngendlela engahlelekile (ekuphelelweni yithemba kohhovisi lamakoloni), enemigwaqo egobile, emincane, indawo ethambekisayo, kwesinye isikhathi incane futhi ayilingani; Izikwele bezingahlali zifuna ukuba yipherimitha enkulu noma engunxande, kepha kunalokho izindawo lapho imigwaqo ehlukene yahlangana khona, ifulethi elincane, elifanele ukusetha imakethe evulekile kanye nendawo yokupaka izitebhisi zesiteji noma ukuhlangana abantu ababeya esontweni.
Isibonelo esihle salezi zikwele yileso seLa Paz, eGuanajuato: okungajwayelekile, okukhangayo nokwasekuqaleni, kusukela ngekhulu le-19 kuye kwatholakala emifanekisweni nakuma-lithographs njengesithombe esivelele kakhulu sedolobha.
IGuanajuato yaqala ukugcwala njengendawo yezimayini ngawo-1550s, kepha kuphela ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa neshumi nesishiyagalombili lapho yathola khona impumelelo eyanele yokwakha izakhiwo ezinenani lokwakha: amathempeli anjengeSan Diego (1694) neLa Parroquia (1696), noma izindawo ezingcwele zaseCata (kusukela ngo-1725) naseGuadalupe (1733); amaJesuit asungula iNkampani (1765) kwathi ekupheleni kwesikhathi samakoloni kwakhiwa ithempeli laseLa Valenciana kanye ne-Alhóndiga de Granaditas, okwenzeka ngoSepthemba 1810 kwesinye seziqephu ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuqala kweMpi Yenkululeko, namuhla kukhunjulwa emifanekisweni yomdwebo yesakhiwo esifanayo, ependwe nguJosé Chávez Morado.
Izindawo zokuhlala zazazi ukuthi zingajwayela kanjani kakade kusukela ezikhathini zamakholoni ziye endaweni enzima yokwakheka komhlaba - isibonelo singabonakala eDeorge Rivera Museum, indlu lapho umdwebi ophawulekayo azalelwa khona - futhi eminye imisebenzi yobunjiniyela yabe isenziwa, njengamadamu eLa Olla nawaseLa Olla. ILos Santos, e-Ivory. Lapho inkululeko seyitholakele, kwaqhamuka izakhiwo ezintsha zomphakathi kwavela iGuanajuato ngezindawo zokuhlala zesimanje zezitayela zemfundo, njengasendaweni yaseLa Olla, noma ngokuguqula izingilazi zezindlu ezindala maphakathi nedolobha.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuya kwele-20, kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezibalulekile, ezinjengeNdlu kaHulumeni kanye neJurezrez Theatre, umsebenzi ovelele obabazekayo ophambi kwe-Union Garden encane, engunxantathu futhi emnandi kakhulu, kanye neHidalgo Market, enesakhiwo sesimanje yensimbi kanye olungaphambili lwesonto omkhulu.
Inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini nemakethe kwaqedwa ngu-Antonio Rivas Mercado, umbhali weSikhumbuzo se-Independence of Mexico City. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, kwakhiwa isakhiwo esikhulu seNyuvesi, ngesitayela se-neocolonial, ngezitebhisi ezinkulu ezingaphandle. Izikwele ezingajwayelekile zeBraratillo, Mexiamora ne-El Ropero zihle kakhulu.
IGuanajuato inwebela umfula wegama elifanayo, ngoba vele ngezikhathi zamakholoni kwakwakhiwa izindlu namabhuloho ngenhla kwesiteshi sawo esasimboze kakhulu uhambo lwaso.
Ngawo-1950s nango-1960 umfula wafakwa amapayipi, waguqula umzila wawo waba umgwaqo omangalisayo ongaphansi komhlaba owangeza ukuheha okukhulu okubonakalayo eGuanajuato, futhi ekuxazululeni ingxenye yenkinga yomgwaqo yahlupheka.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kuvulwe imigudu emisha engaphansi kwedolobha, evumela ukuthi izimoto ziyiwele ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ngaphandle kokuthinta kakhulu ukunyakaza okuthe cwaka kwemigwaqo yakudala.
Ngenxa yokumiswa kwayo okumangelengele, iGuanajuato idolobha elinemibono eshintshashintshayo, noma ngabe lihamba ngezinyawo noma ngemoto, futhi lokhu kukhanga kuyingxenye yentelezi yalo eyingqayizivele, eyabelana nabantu abambalwa kakhulu baseMexico bamakoloni: ngokuzumayo idolobha liyabonakala kusukela emgwaqweni ongaphansi komhlaba, silenga phezu kwamakhanda ethu, noma ngaphansi kwezinyawo zethu, kusuka emgwaqweni omkhulu obabazekayo, ikakhulukazi kusukela etsheni lesikhumbuzo kuya e-El Pípila, umbono kaGuanajuato ngobuciko.
