ILas Haciendas iyisiqeshana somhlaba esizungezwe iPacific kanye nemifula emikhulu eyingxenye yamaxhaphozi kazwelonke.
ILas Haciendas iyisiqeshana somhlaba esizungezwe iPacific kanye nemifula emikhulu eyingxenye yamaxhaphozi kazwelonke.
Enyakatho yogu lwaseNayarit kunesiqeshana somhlaba esingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-100 ubude obandakanya amabhishi amahle nemiphakathi engajwayelekile, efana neRancho Nuevo, iSan Andrés, iSanta Cruz, iPuerta Palapares, iPalmar de Cuautla, i-El Novillero neSan ICayetano, phakathi kwabanye. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, imboni yezinkomo ebalulekile yasungulwa lapho esebenza ngempumelelo enkulu amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, lapho kwakhiwa amapulazi amathathu; Kulaba, kuphela yiSan Cayetano enganqobanga ukudlula kwesikhathi, njengoba kwenzekile nakwezo zaseSanta Cruz nasePalmar de Cuautla, esezinyamalele; kodwa-ke, abantu bendawo basabiza lesi sifunda njenge "Las Haciendas".
Lesi siqeshana somhlaba sixhunywe embusweni wonke ngomgwaqo omkhulu osuka eTuxpan uye eSanta Cruz nomunye osuka eTecuala uye ePlayas Novillero, lokhu kusukela ngo-1972, kusukela ngaphambi kokuba uhlukaniswe ngokuphelele.
AmaHaciendas ahlala enobudlelwano obuseduze nesiqhingi saseMexcaltitán, ikakhulukazi ezentengiselwano, isixhumanisi esabuyela ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi, lapho ama-Aztec ayehlala kule ndawo. Namuhla kunezinsalela eziningi (izithombe, izitsha zobumba, izihloko zemicibisholo) esingazithola phakathi kwamagobolondo noma amagobolondo amangalisayo, okuyizindunduma ezinkulu ezakhiwa izigidi zamagobolondo ezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene ezazidliwa abomdabu; amagobolondo ayenqwabelana endaweni eyodwa ukudala amaqoqo amakhulu lapho ayengabonakala khona kusuka ebangeni elingamakhilomitha amaningi. Njengamanje imigwaqo yendawo nayo imbozwe yilawa magobolondo, okwenza abe mhlophe futhi acwebezele, abonakale ngisho nasebusuku.
Lesi sifunda sonke sasingesikhathi eside ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseSpain, kumfelandawonye waseChimalhuacán, owawakhiwa imibuso emine: iColima neTonatlán eningizimu, neXalisco ne-Aztlán ngasempumalanga, ezinze esifundazweni samanje saseNayarit.
Embhalweni wesandla weNonoalca, ama-Aztec abizwa ngama-Aztatlecas; igama lokuqala laliyiqiniso, kodwa elesibili lalisetshenziselwa i-euphony; ngakho-ke, i-Aztatlán, "indawo lapho izindwandwe zanda khona", yaba yi-Aztlán, izwe lokuqala lama-Aztec.
Umbuso wase-Aztlán wawunokwandiswa okukhulu okwakusuka emfuleni iSantiago kuya emfuleni i-Umaya. Amadolobha abaluleke kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi futhi asagcina amagama awo yile: Ytzcuintla, Centizpac, Mexcaltitán, Huaynamota, Acatlán, Acaponeta, Tecuala ne-Acayapan. Inhlokodolobha yombuso kwakungu-Aztlán, namuhla iSan Felipe Aztatán, umasipala waseTecuala.
E-Aztlán kwakukhulekelwa uHuitzilopochtli, unkulunkulu okwathi emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva wabusa wonke umbuso wama-Aztec. Ngo-1530, iNkosi uCorinca yabusa umbuso wase-Aztlán, okwathi kanye nezithabathaba zomuzi wakhe banezijobelelo lapho izingwe, izingulube nezinye izilwane zazibanjwa khona, kanye nezitshalo ezinhle zokuhlobisa ezazithokozisa abaphathi bakhe nezivakashi.
Ekugcineni, u-Aztlán wavinjezelwa ibutho elikhulu elakhiwa amaTlaxcalans namaNdiya aseTarascan namaSpain angama-500 ayephethwe uBeltrán Nuño de Guzmán.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, iLas Haciendas kwakungeyomfuyi odumile waseTuxpan, uDon Constancio González. ISan Cayetano hacienda, eyasungulwa cishe ngo-1820, yazuza udumo olukhulu ngezinkomo zayo nangokukhiqizwa kukakotini okuningi, kanye ne-jerky yayo enhle kakhulu, eyayithengiswa eTepic, Guadalajara, Tuxpan naseSantiago. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-salinas nakho kwakubalulekile, lapho iningi lezisebenzi zasepulazini lisebenza khona.
Ama-rancheria adlondlobala namuhla kulo mugqa osogwini aqala ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1930, uhulumeni wabamba abaphathi ama-ejido aqala ukwakheka.
Izindawo zokuhlala zendabuko zaleso sikhathi, ezazisabonakala nanamuhla, zazinamakamelo amathathu: igumbi elivulekile (lapho kwakutholwa khona izivakashi), ikhishi (udonga) negumbi lokulala, elenziwe ngezinti zomhlume embozwe nge-adobe; uphahla lwalwenziwe ngesundu.
Namuhla amagceke nendawo ezungeze izindlu kuhlotshiswe ngezinhlobonhlobo ezicebile zezimbali nezitshalo. Mayelana nemisebenzi yabo, abantu bendawo baphila ngokudoba okugcwele emaxhaphozini (imfanzi, i-mojarra, i-curbina, i-snapper, i-snook, i-oyster). Imfucumfucu isadotshwa ngohlelo lwakudala lwama-tapos wangaphambi kweSpanishi, ikakhulukazi kusuka ngoJulayi, nezimvula. Ngokunjalo, abadobi behlela imivimbo efinyelela kwayisishiyagalombili ukuqoqa i-oyster ngenjabulo, okusho ukuthi, engezansi kolwandle.
Ezolimo nazo zibalulekile; ngokwesibonelo, kutshalwa izinhlobo ezimbili zamakhabe, i- "calsui" ne- "black", ngemijikelezo yezinsuku ezingama-90, ebusika nasentwasahlobo, uma umoya ongenawo usawoti omningi.
Ngaphezu kwekhabe, ukukhiqizwa kopelepele oluhlaza, amabele, ukhukhunathi, ubhanana, upopo, utamatisi, ulamula, umoba, ukhokho, iphenathi, i-soursop, ugwayi nemango kuyabukeka.
Ukukhula kwemiphakathi kwakuhlobene kakhulu neqiniso lokuthi abadobi bendawo bathola indawo yesiziba ezindaweni zokudoba, lapho izinhlanzi zanda khona, okwakuvame ukuba sezandleni zabadobi baseMexcaltitán.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, inqwaba yezigqila zase-Afrika zafika kulesi sifunda esisogwini lwasenyakatho yeNayarit, njengengxenye yokuhweba ngezigqila okwakwenziwa ngemikhumbi yaseChina, eyayivela ePhilippines. Esifundeni kuthiwa iningi lalaba bantu abamnyama lifike lapha ngemuva kokuthi esinye salezi zikebhe sicwile futhi abasindile beza bebhukuda emabhishi aseSan Cayetano, ePuerta Palapares nase-El Novillero. Namuhla, lapho umuntu ehamba lo ogwini, ithonya le-Afro-Brazilian phakathi kwezakhamuzi zalo libonakala kahle.
Njengeqiniso elithakazelisayo, kukhona labo abaqinisekisa ukuthi lapha kukhona abadansi abahamba phambili ezweni; eRancho Nuevo sikwazile ukubona iqembu labo lidansa ubusuku bonke, ngesigqi somculo odlalwa ngamaqembu endawo ngesigamu sokukhanya, emakamelweni ezindlwana zasepulazini ezithobekile kodwa ezinhle
UMA UYA KWI-HACIENDAS
Ukufika kulesi sifunda seLas Haciendas kufanele uthathe umgwaqo omkhulu wesifundazwe no. 15 esisuka eTepic siye e-Acaponeta, lapho ulandela khona umgwaqo onguthelawayeka wombuso cha. 3 kuye eTecuala bese uqhubekela e-El Novillero. Uma usufikile lapha, ngasenyakatho ufinyelela eSan Cayetano, naseningizimu uye ePalmar de Cuautla, ePuerta Palapares, eSanta Cruz, eSan Andrés, eRancho Nuevo nasePasquería.
Umthombo: UMexico ongaziwa uNombolo 275 / Januwari 2000
