Sahamba emanzini azolile oMfula iTampaón, ngasendleleni yangaphambi kweSpanishi eya endaweni yaseTamtoc yemivubukulo, ukugubha unyaka wokuqala leli dolobha elihle lavulelwa umphakathi.
Usuku lwaqala njengoba sasibikezele, inkungu eminyene yagcwala ngokuphelele ihhotela laseTaninul. Sasifikile izolo ebusuku futhi sanquma ukuchitha ubusuku lapha ukuze sixhumane kakhulu nemvelo. Ngesikhathi okuvunyelwene ngaso, u-Alfredo Ortega, isithunywa sezokuvakasha se-Huasteca Zone, weza ukuzosithatha. Icebo bekufanele lisuke ngehora lesikhombisa ekuseni lilindele ukushisa kosuku futhi lijabulele ukuvuka kwemvelo. Sase sizoqala uhambo lokuhlola eMfuleni iTampaón, silandela indlela endala yokungena eya edolobheni langaphambi kweSpanishi laseTamtoc (indawo yamafu amanzi), ukumisa izikhathi nobude bomzila olandelayo wezivakashi.
Ukugwedla
Lapho sifika emphakathini wase-Aserradero, indawo ekhethiwe yokuqalisa, sahlukana ngamaqembu amabili, saqala ngezikebhe ezifanayo abazisebenzisela ukudoba nokuqoqa isihlabathi. Yize umqondo ukuthi kutholakale izikebhe zohlobo lwe-trajinera ukwenza imizila yabavakashi, kulokhu besizisebenzisa ukukala isikhathi sohambo ngokugwedla. Ukugwema ukungcolisa umfula nokuphazamisa izilwane zasendle, ukusetshenziswa kwezikebhe ezinenjini akuvunyelwe. Senze ingxenye yokuqala yohambo buthule, sijabulela ukububula kwemvelo futhi sihehwa umlingo womfula ombozwe yinkungu.
Kunezikhathi lapho umuntu kufanele athule futhi lokhu bekungomunye wabo. Sithuthuke kancane, njengoba besiphikisana nomsinga wamanje futhi sifuna izindawo ezijulile ezingasivumela ukuthi sisekele izigwedlo embhedeni womfula bese sizithuthukisa ngejubane eliphakeme. Inkungu ayizange inyakaze, ebikezela ukuthi ukushisa kosuku kuzoba kukhulu. Maphakathi nendawo, inkungu yagcina ihlakazekile bese siyayiqonda indawo ebukeka kahle. Izinyoni ze-herons nezipapicos, amaphaneli nama-tuliches, zihambisana nohambo lwethu.
Ngokucaca kwelanga, sasikwazi ukubuka phansi komfula nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ezazisusa udlame lapho sidlula. Kulo mfula, izakhamizi ezisosebeni lomfula zivame ukudoba i-catfish, i-tilapa, i-prawn, i-snook, i-carp, i-mullet ne-peje. Basebenzisa nengubo yesihlabathi ukukhipha isihlabathi.
Ngemuva kwehora nemizuzu engama-40, sabona lapho siya khona, okwakubukeka njengegquma emkhathizwe, kwakuyisakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke sendawo yemivubukulo. Ukufika kuyo kusuka ku-jetty, sahamba ethafeni elikhulu eliveza kuzo zonke izinyathelo ubuhle bendawo.
Umbungazi ophethe kahle
E-palapa enikeza ukufinyelela edolobheni langaphambi kweSpanishi, samukelwa ngumvubukuli uGuillermo Ahuja, umqondisi wephrojekthi yemivubukulo yaseTamtoc, owasitshela ukuthi akanandaba nje kuphela nokusindisa indawo yemivubukulo, kodwa futhi nokufakwa kwemiphakathi engasemfuleni ukuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi ehambisanayo. Ngakho-ke, intshisekelo yakho ekuzweni ulwazi lwethu ngalolu hambo. Ube esesinikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe ngenqubo yokutakula isiza, egcizelela ukubaluleka okukhulu kokutholakele okusha. Umsebenzi wokumba waqala ngokusemthethweni ngo-2001 (kwakukhona okunye ukumbiwa okuyingxenye ngo-1960) futhi indawo yokuvubukula yavulelwa umphakathi ngoMeyi 11, 2006. Kwakusekuqaleni kuka-2005 lapho kwatholakala khona inhlanhla yezithombe ezimbili. i-anthropomorphic enezethulo zabesifazane, ezizocabanga kabusha ngokufundwa kwamasiko aseMesoamerica bese zibhekana neminye imibono, njengaleyo ebhekisa ekubeni khona kwesiko lase-Olmec eNyakatho neMexico.
Idolobha labesifazane
ITamtoc yidolobha labesifazane, futhi hhayi ngoba babusa, kepha ngenxa yokuba khona kwabesifazane okuqinile okungabonakala endaweni yokuvubukula. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi ngaphezu kuka-87% wezinsalela ezitholakala emathuneni ale ndawo zihambisana nabesifazane. Ngokufanayo, ezithombeni ezinhlanu ze-anthropomorphic ebaziwe ebaziwe kuze kube manje eTamtoc, munye kuphela onezimfanelo zobudoda. Lokhu kukhombisa indima ebalulekile edlalwe ngabesifazane kumasiko amaHuasteca.
Yile ndlela abasikhombisa ngayo isithombe esibunjiwe esisenkabeni yepalapa, isiqeshana esingathathwa njengehlukile ngohlobo lwaso - kubhekiswe kwabanye abatholakala eMesoamerica-- ngoba ukumelwa ngokuningiliziwe komzimba, umqolo, umgogodla, izinqe kanye inani lezinqulu, lifana kakhulu nomfanekiso wezithombe ezibaziweyo ezitholakala eGrisi yakudala, eRoma noma eMiddle East.
UMuzi wakudala
Yize indawo yemivubukulo ibanzi kakhulu, yingxenye encane kuphela eye yahlolwa. Siqala ngokuvakashela izikwele ezinkulu ezintathu, lapho ungabona khona ngokucacile ezakhiweni ezinkulu, isiphetho esiyindilinga emigwaqeni eseceleni kwezitebhisi, izici zokwakhiwa kweHuasteca.
Lezi zinhlaka zibhekiswe ezindaweni ezihlukene zamazulu noma izinkanyezi, ngoba labo ababehlala kuleli dolobha babenolwazi oluningi lwesayensi yezinkanyezi ngakho-ke, ngemijikelezo yezolimo. Ubufakazi balokhu umaka welanga otholakala kwesinye sezikwele. Ngezinsuku zokugcina zika-Ephreli nezinsuku zokuqala zikaMeyi, ilanga liphinda likhiqize isimo sokuqhakambisa isithunzi setshe enkabeni yezitebhisi, elalimelele ngaleso sikhathi, ukuqala konyaka wezolimo.
Ngaphambi kokufika etsheni elikhulu, sivakashela i- "Tomás, el Cinco Caracol", njengoba abavubukuli bakulesi siza bambiza ngothando. Yisona kuphela isithombe esibunjiwe sowesilisa esiseTamtoc, ngoba yize kutholakale ingxenye engezansi kuphela, kukhombisa umthondo omkhulu ogwazwe njengomhlatshelo wokuzidela, ofana kakhulu nokumelelwa kwenganekwane yokudalwa komuntu, lapho IQuetzalcóatl, yehlela endaweni yabafileyo, ihlaba umlenze ukuze uyixube namathambo esizukulwane esedlule bese ikhulelwa umuntu.
Itshe lesikhathi
Ekupheleni kohambo babesibekele esinye isimanga. Kwakuyi-monolith engaphezu kwamamitha ayi-7 ubude ngamamitha ama-4 ukuphakama, kwatholakala ngengozi ngoFebhuwari 2005, ngenkathi izakhiwo zikhishwa esiteshini esidala samanzi sendawo. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho izingcezu zesilayidi zatholwa zivela ebusweni bomhlaba. Lapho beqala ukuhlanza, babona ukuthi isilebhu liyaqhubeka langena ngaphakathi, lifinyelela ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha ama-4. Okutholakele kuvele kwaba ngenye yezinhlanhla kakhulu futhi ezibalulekile esezenziwe ngaleli siko. Kuyi-monolith ehlukanisiwe lapho abesifazane abathathu bemelwe khona, ababili babo babonakala benqunywe amakhanda. Lo omunye umlingiswa unobuso obucwebezelayo, obungachazwa njengokufanekisa ngomhlaba, yize futhi kuhlobene nalesi sithombe, ngamanzi nokuzala. Ngokunjalo, izinkomba eziningi zenyanga zitholakele kule monolith, ngaphezu kwe-orientation, okuholele ekucabangeni kokuqala ukuthi bekuyikhalenda yenyanga. Kodwa-ke, lapho kutholwa izinto ezibhekise elangeni futhi zinikeze imihlahlandlela yokuqonda ikhalenda elanga, kubhapathizwe njengetshe leKhalenda leTamtoc.
Buyela emfuleni
Ngaphambi kokubuyela eSawmill futhi, sithathe ithuba lokuvakashela iTampacoy, omunye wemiphakathi eyimidanti efakwe esifundeni esingasemfuleni. Le ndawo izoba yindawo yokuma endaweni eya endaweni yemivubukulo, lapho ungahlangana khona ngqo nomphakathi wendabuko, udle, uthenge imisebenzi yezandla noma ulale ubusuku. Njengoba ilanga lase lishisa kakade, saqala ukubuyela eSawmill, kodwa kulokhu saba nethuba lokuthatha lo msinga esivuna wona. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sethu sokuhamba kwakuyihora elilodwa futhi abagibeli bethu bokugwedla babene-rafting ekhululekile kakhulu.
Lapha ukuzijabulisa kwethu kwaphela, kodwa itafula elalilungiselelwe endlini yomqondisi wethu lalisalindile. Ndawonye nomndeni wakhe, ebusheni bendlu yakhe, sahlanganyela isidlo esasinambitheka njengodumo. Saneliseka ngokuthi siphinde savula umgwaqo omdala oya eTamtoc.
Cabanga ufika kuleli dolobha eliyindida elizungezwe inkungu yoMfula iTampaón odumile ... isipiliyoni ongasoze wasikhohlwa.
Isiko le-Tenek
Bayiqembu lendabuko elidabuka eMayan. Ngezikhathi zangaphambi kweSpanishi babenentuthuko yamasiko okuqala, uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaqembu eMesoamerica. Izindunduma noma amapulatifomu ayindilinga enziwe ngobumba nangamatshe, okwakhuliswa kuwo amathempeli, ayizici zokwakhiwa kwase-Hispanic Huasteca.
Ngaphezu kokuba ngamaqhawe anolaka, babehlukaniswa ngemifanekiso yabo emihle yamatshe etshe eliyisihlabathi, eqoshiwe noma ese-bas-relief. Esinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu ezaziwayo zalo msebenzi - ngaphezu kwezithombe ezibaziweyo ezitholakala eTamtoc– yiHuasteco Adolescent. Njengamanje, amasiko amaningi alesi siko ahlala ephila, njengokugubha i-xanthan, ukuhlonipha oshonile.
Kukhona isiqeshana sohlobo oluthile esifana kakhulu nomfanekiso wesithombe esibaziwe esatholakala eGrisi yakudala, eRoma noma eMiddle East.
Lezi zakhiwo zenzelwe izinhlaka ezahlukahlukene zezulu noma izinkanyezi.
