UFray Antonio de Ciudad Real wazalwa ngo-1551 eCastilla la Nueva kwathi eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala wangena esigodlweni seSan Francisco eToledo.
Ngenkathi i- "culturicida" u-Diego de Landa efika okwesibili eNew Spain njengombhishobhi waseYucatán, waletha iqembu lamaFranciscans phakathi kwawo u-Antonio eza njengekhwaya; bafike ngo-Okthoba 1573 eCampeche. Umlingiswa wethu wayezibiza eYucatan, lapho afunda khona kalula ulimi lwesiMaya.
NgoSepthemba 1584, ukhomishani jikelele u-Alonso Ponce de León, isivakashi sezifundazwe zaseFranciscan, wafika eMexico. Phakathi neminyaka emihlanu elapha, kuze kube nguJuni 1589, unobhala wakhe kwakunguCiudad Real futhi bebabili basuka eNayarit baya eNicaragua, okuvame kakhulu ukuvakasha kwabo ezinkangala zaseMexico. Cishe ngaleyo nkathi yeminyaka emihlanu wabhala kumuntu wesithathu incwadi enelukuluku lokwazi futhi efundile ngobukhulu beNew Spain; ebhalwe cishe ngo-1590, yize ingakubonanga ukukhanya komphakathi kwaze kwaba ngo-1872, eMadrid. Ngo-1603 wakhethwa njengesifundazwe, futhi washona eMérida ngoJulayi 5, 1617.
Izindaba eziningi ezivela eCiudad Real. "Esigodlweni seSanta Clara 'kugcinwa isigxobo esisuka emlenzeni wenye yezintombi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanye'. Futhi maqondana nezinsalela, esigodlweni sezindela iXochimilco “kunompompi engalweni eyodwa yeSanta Sebastian Ebusisiwe; shiya iRoma ngobufakazi obuyiqiniso futhi uzigcine ethekwini lodonga lwesonto ”.
Injongo yalolu hambo yagcwaliseka. UPonce nonobhala wakhe bavakashela izigodlo ezingu-166 ezifundazweni eziyisithupha zaseFranciscan kanye namaDominican ayisishiyagalombili, ama-Augustine amahlanu kanye namaJesuit amathathu. Yize isizathu salolu hambo kwakuwukuvakasha okunjalo, incwadi yeCiudad Real iyidayari eyiqiniso eqoqa imininingwane ebalulekile ye-anthropological, zoological, botanical kanye nolunye ulwazi lwemvelo ehlukahlukene kakhulu.
Isibonelo, isazi sezizwe singangena emikhosini yemidanso nemidanso yamaBajío ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16, esivele ixubekile, kulo msebenzi: “Wayemukelwa kahle kakhulu, amanye amaNdiya nawo ayephuma egibele amahhashi ebalimaza ngokumenza iqembu ; Kwakunama-ramada amaningi nezinyoni eziningi ezimibalabala ezilenga kuzo […] Amanye amaNdiya aphuma egibele amahhashi, ibanga elide ngaphambi kokuba ngifike, nabanye abaningi behamba ngezinyawo, bememeza futhi bememeza njengamaChichimecas, kwaphuma umdanso wamaNegro okhubazekile, futhi omunye wamaNdiya onomdlalo abawubiza ngokuthi yi-del palo ”.
Le ncwadi futhi inikela ngezinto eziningi kubacwaningi be-paremiological, njengoba u-Antonio de Ciudad Real wayekhuluma kakhulu. Lawa masampula engiwakhethe emsebenzini wakhe ayazuzisa: “Yibo abageza uboya futhi konke kubi kummbiza; Letha induku ephakeme; Akunasinqamuleli ngaphandle komsebenzi; Inyama Nethambo; Lapho umniniyo engekho, kukhona ukulila kwakhe; Bambalwa ngokungabikho abalungile; Ngubani ongabonakali, uyashabalala; I-duel yezinwele zabanye abantu ilenga; Thanda amafulegi avulekile; Baphume emabhokisini abo; Khombisa ihlombe nesifuba; Babeneminyaka eyishumi nantathu; Wela vele usemanzi; Nika uthathe; Izinto ezisele phakathi kwemigqa; Udlale kukhiye ofanayo; Khala ngezinyembezi eziphilayo; Lungisa izinto bese wenza incwadi entsha; Uyisithulu kakhulu; Ngenhliziyo yakhe wayefuna ukwahlulela omunye; Isela licabanga ukuthi bonke basesimweni salo; Suka lapho; Cindezela elokucisha; Umfula waphenduka abadobi; Nokuphila ngokukhululeka ”.
Izingqikithi zezemvelo nazo ziyizintandokazi zalesi sizwe saseFranciscan esixakile: ukuthi amadada asemachibini aseSigodini SaseMexico “azingelwa amaNdiya ngokulangazelela okuyinqaba, futhi lokho kungukuthi azungeze ingxenye enkulu yamachibi lapho ayolala khona ezitsheni notshani. , kubekwe amanetha ezinduku aqhutshwa phezulu kancane, kuthi ekuseni kungakabi semini, basabisa amadada alala lapho, futhi njengoba bezophapha bayabanjwa babanjwe izinyawo emanetheni ”.
Ukuthi endaweni efanayo “kukhishwa isamba esikhulu sezimpukane ngendlela yezintuthwane noma izibungu, amaNdiya azithengisa ezimakethe ukuze ondle izinyoni amaSpain ngisho namaNdiya azifuyile eMexico, futhi zibamba lezi zimpukane [ …] Ngamanetha athile ezingxenyeni ezingenamanzi echibi, lapho futhi bathatha khona amaqanda amaningi ezimpukane (ahuaucles), lapho benza khona izitshulu ezithile abazidlayo futhi zimnandi kakhulu ”.
Lokho eduze kwe-Autlán “ofezela abanobuthi kakhulu nezimbungulu ezindizayo nezinye izinambuzane ezingcolile nezinobuhlungu kuyakhuliswa, okuthe […] uNkulunkulu unikeze ikhambi elimangalisayo, futhi yilokho ukuthi imihlambi yezintuthwane abayibiza ngokuthi i-arrieras iza kulelo dolobha ngezikhathi, futhi Bangena ezindlini, futhi ngaphandle kokulimaza enye indlu bakhuphukela ophahleni futhi basuke kubo nasemigodini baphonsa phansi abafileyo, mangaki ofezela nezimbungulu abazimbozayo, futhi ngemuva kwalokhu endlini eyodwa baya kwenye ukuyokwenza okufanayo, futhi ukusuka lapho komunye nakwabanye ngakho-ke babahlanza bonke ”.
Imininingwane ehlukahlukene evela eCiudad Real iyaqhubeka: Ukuthi egqumeni laseChapultepec "isithombe nesithombe sikaMoctezuma kuqoshwe futhi kwaqoshwa." Ukuthi ubhanana waseDominican ubizwa kanjalo ngoba ulethelwe esiqhingini saseSanto Domingo. Ukuthi amanzi ashisayo ePeñón de los Baños, asekhona nanamuhla, abesevele esetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha. Ukuthi uMfula i-Acaponeta wawela ngezihlenga ngemigodi engenalutho njengentanta, njengaseMfuleni iBalsas, esifundeni saseGuerrero.
UCiudad Real uchaza amanxiwa e-Uxmal neChichén Itzá; Uvakashele iziphethu ezishisayo zedolobha lasePuebla nentaba-mlilo yalo encane namuhla esedolobheni; ibeka amatshe asetshenziswa kwezokwelapha; Wamangazwa yizikebhe zomhlanga zechibi iChapala, ezinamanzi entanta ezimele angena phakathi kwemihlanga yawo; wabona "isinkhole" yaseSan Cristóbal, namuhla eLas Casas, lapho kunyamalala khona umfula; kusikhumbuza ukuthi ezinye izindlela zokukala amabanga kwakuwukuphonsa itshe, isibhamu sasohlangothini, kanye nesibhamu se-arquebus. "Umdlalo wenduku" owamangaza uHernán Cortés, waze wathumela abantu bomdabu eSpain abawenzayo, uchazwa ngokuningiliziwe yilo mbhali.
