IPalenque nezindawo ezizungezile kuyindawo yezivakashi ukujabulela izinhlobo ezintathu zokuntywila: enye isayensi yemivubukulo nomlando, enye ezinhlakeni zayo ezinhle nezinambithekayo zamanzi, kanti enye ekudleni kwayo okumnandi. Sikumema ukuthi wazi i- Idolobha Lomlingo Chiapaneco nalo mhlahlandlela ophelele.
1. Iphi iPalenque futhi ngifike kanjani lapho?
IPalenque idolobha laseChiapas elivela eMayan, inhloko kamasipala wegama elifanayo elisenyakatho nesifundazwe. Abantu bomdabu bakhiwe ikakhulukazi ngamahlanga amaChol, Tzeltal kanye namaLacandon. Umasipala unqamula iGuatemala ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga, unezinhlaka ezintathu zomngcele nezwe laseTabasco futhi ungumakhelwane wezinhlaka zikamasipala waseChiapas eCatazajá, La Libertad, Ocosingo, Chilón naseSalto de Agua. Amadolobha asondele kakhulu ePalenque yiVillahermosa, iTabasco, etholakala kumakhilomitha ayi-145 entshonalanga, neSan Cristóbal de las Casas, okungamakhilomitha angama-219 eningizimu.
2. IPalenque yaba khona kanjani?
Idolobha lasePalenque langaphambi kukaColumbian lakhiwa ngeNkathi Yesikhathi Esijwayelekile, eyaqala maphakathi nekhulu lesithathu leminyaka ngemuva kukaKristu, kwaqala elinye lamakhosi anamandla kakhulu futhi avelele eMayan emlandweni, ngenxa yekhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwawo nobuhle bobuciko bawo. Idolobha laseSpanishi lasungulwa ngo-1567 ngumfelokazi waseSpain waseDominican uPedro Lorenzo de la Nada, okwazile ukuhlanganisa amaNdiya aseChole. Indawo ebalulekile yemivubukulo yatholakala ngo-1740 kwathi ngo-1813 iCortes yaseCádiz yaphakamisela iPalenque esigabeni sedolobha; isihloko sedolobha sanikezwa ngo-1972 kwathi esikaPueblo Mágico sakhishwa ngo-2015.
3. I-Magic Town inhloboni yesimo sezulu?
IPalenque inesimo sezulu esishisayo, esishisayo, esinomswakama nemvula. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nonyaka lingu-26.6 ° C; ekhuphukela cishe ku-30 ° C ngoMeyi, inyanga eshisa kakhulu, futhi yehle kancane ebusika, lapho i-thermometer ifunda u-23 ° C ngoJanuwari. Ukushisa kungafinyelela ku-36 ° C kwesinye isikhathi, ngenkathi ngezikhathi ezipholile eziphakeme, izinga lokushisa alikaze lehle libe ngaphansi kuka-17 ° C ngobusuku obubanda kakhulu ebusika. EPalenque lina kakhulu, isilinganiso esingu-2,394 mm ngonyaka futhi kunoma iyiphi inyanga kungaba nemvula enkulu, yize isikhathi semvula esimakwe kakhulu siphakathi kukaJuni no-Okthoba.
4. Yikuphi ukukhanga okuyinhloko kwabavakashi ePalenque?
IPalenque iyindawo eyisisekelo emlandweni wangaphambi kweColumbian waseMexico ngenxa yobukhulu, ubukhulu, ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa nethalente eliboniswe ekubonakalisweni kwalo okuningi kobuciko. Idolobha elinamandla laseMayan liyisidingo kubo bonke abathandi baseMexico bomlando wezwe futhi ingesinye sezindawo ezivame kakhulu ukuvakashelwa kwezokuvubukula kwamazwe omhlaba kanye nangongoti bezwe kulo mkhakha. Ukuqeda ukuvakashelwa kwendawo yokuvubukula, vakashela i-Alberto Ruz Lhuillier Site Museum.
Okusithwe kancane wudumo lwePalenque, eduzane nedolobha ezinye izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu, njengeBonampak, Yaxchilán neToniná. Futhi njengoba yonke into ingeke ibe ngamanxiwa emivubukulo, iPalenque nendawo ezungezile inikela ngezindawo ezikhangayo zemvelo zokuzijabulisa ngaphandle, njenge-Aluxes Ecopark, i-Agua Azul Waterfalls, iMisol Ha Waterfall ne-Agua Clara Spa. Enye indawo enentshisekelo eduze nePalenque idolobha elincane laseCatazajá.
5. Yini ukubaluleka kweZindawo Zokuvubukula zasePalenque?
Indawo yokuvubukula yasePalenque ingenye yesiko lamaMeya elihlaba umxhwele kakhulu, yize ihlolwe kuphela futhi yambiwa engxenyeni encane yokwelulwa kwayo. Kukholakala ukuthi kunezakhiwo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ezisangcwatshwe ehlozini, kanti lezo ezingamboziwe zimelele ukubonakaliswa okuphawulekayo kwamakhono okwakha nobuciko bamaMaya. Yakhiwa ngesikhathi se-Classic Period, ishiywe ngaphambi kokunqotshwa futhi yatholakala ngekhulu le-18. Kulokho okutholakele kuze kube manje, kugqame iThempeli Lemibhalo, Isigodlo, Isethi Yeziphambano, i-Aqueduct nezinye izakhiwo. IPalenque inezigaba zeNational Park neWorld Heritage Site.
6. Kungani iThempeli Lemibhalo Livelisiwe?
Itholakala endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi iGreat Plaza, emthambekeni wemvelo. Kwaqalwa ngumbusi odumile waseMayan uPakal the Great futhi waqedwa yindodana yakhe ngeminyaka yama-80s yekhulu lesi-7. Lithola igama lalo emananini amahle kakhulu emibhalo ye-hieroglyphic kanye ne-stucco reliefs ezibe negalelo elibalulekile ekuqondeni impucuko yamaMaya. Ngo-1949 ithuna likaPakal latholakala ngaphansi kwethempeli. Lesi sakhiwo siyiphiramidi enamazinga ayisishiyagalombili nethempeli elimele amazinga ayi-9 eMayan underworld, elinganisa amamitha angama-22.8 ukuphakama.
7. Unjani u-El Palacio?
Lesi sakhiwo esihle kakhulu sinendawo ecishe ibe yingxenye yehektare, elinganisa amamitha angama-85 ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu namamitha angama-60 ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga. Inezitebhisi ezibanzi ezingxenyeni ezintathu zobuso bayo futhi yakhiwa yiPakal ezinsaleleni zokwakhiwa kwangaphambilini. Maphakathi neSigodlo kumi umbhoshongo onezigaba ezine owakhiwe ngokuphelele ngamatshe anezinsika eziwugqinsi, okukholelwa ukuthi ubusetshenziselwa ukuqapha okuvikelayo, yize enye inguqulo ikhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka yayinenjongo yezinkanyezi. Amapatio alo avulekile, inani lamakamelo nemipheme emikhulu ehlotshisiwe kukhombisa ukuthi kwakuyindawo yokuziqhenya okukhulu.
8. Yini evelele kuConjunto de las Cruces?
Yakhiwe ngamabhilidi amathathu amakhulu: iThempeli leSiphambano, iThempeli le-Foliated Cross neThempeli leLanga. Bobathathu babonakala ngokuthi babemiswe phezu kwama-pyramid anyathelwe nangama-reliefs abo. Inkosi efile yabeka inkosi! isisho sithi. Le nhlangano yakhelwa ukuhlonipha uKhan Bahlum II ekubuseni kwakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi ngemuva kokushona kukaPakal the Great. Igama leLas Cruces alifanelekile, ngoba empeleni amathempeli ayizifanekiselo zomuthi wokudala ngokusho kwezinganekwane zaseMayan. Kusuka ethempelini lesiphambano, iphaneli eliphakathi lasuswa nomfanekiso wesilo lapho kuhluma khona ummbila, ogcinwe eNational Museum of Anthropology.
9. Yini evelele ku-Aqueduct?
Kuyisakhiwo esiguqukile, esingamamitha amathathu ukujula, esihola amanzi oMfula i-Otulum ngaphansi kwesikwele esikhulu, ohlangothini olusempumalanga yeNdlunkulu. Ezansi nomfula, endaweni ebizwa ngeBath of the Queen, kunebhuloho lamatshe. AmaMaya ayenamakhono kakhulu ekwakheni izinhlelo zokuphakelwa kwamanzi; NgoJulayi 2016 iNational Institute of Anthropology and History yamemezela ukutholakala kohlelo lwamanzi oluyinkimbinkimbi ngaphansi kwethuna likaPakal the Great. Kukholakala ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlobene nombhalo oqoshiwe ethuneni lomphathi, okukhombisa ukuthi ukuze angene ezweni labaphansi kwakufanele azicwilise emanzini.
10. Ngabe kukhona ezinye izakhiwo ezithakazelisayo ePalenque?
IThempeli Lokubala linomlando obabazekayo, ngoba eMexico yangaphambi kweSpanishi zazingekho izifunda. Lithola lelo gama ngoba laliyindawo yokuhlala umhloli wamazwe ongumFulentshi nomculi uJean-Frédéric Waldeck, ngenkathi echitha isizini ePalenque ngawo-1820; UWaldeck uzibize ngendlebe. Ithempeli le-Count litholakala ngezitebhisi ezixegayo. Ithempeli leBhubesi lalinokuhlanza okuhle, okubhujiswe ngokudabukisayo, kunenkosi enesihlalo sobukhosi esinjenge-jaguar enamakhanda amabili.
11. Ikhombisa ini i-Alberto Ruz Lhuillier Site Museum?
Lo mnyuziyamu osendaweni yesayensi yemivubukulo unegama lomvubukuli waseFranco-Mexico u-Alberto Ruz Lhuillier, umcwaningi ovelele wamadolobha aseMesoamerican Mayan futhi owathola phakathi kwekhulu lama-20 lethuna lePakal the Great ethempelini lemibhalo yasePalenque. Isampula elibonisiwe lakhiwa izingcezu ezisindiswe kusayithi uqobo, amamodeli achazayo nezinye izinsiza. Phakathi kwezinto ezifanele kakhulu kukhona izinto zobumba, imihlobiso yomngcwabo, amabhodi neminikelo yemikhosi, izithombe ezahlukahlukene, imaski yokufa kaPakal the Great naleyo ebizwa ngeNdlovukazi Ebomvu, owesifazane okufanele abe ngu-Ahpo-Hel, unkosikazi wombusi odumile.
12. Yini into ethakazelisa kakhulu ngeBonampak Archaeological Zone?
Uma uthathe uhambo oluya ePalenque, kufanelekile ukuhamba amakhilomitha ayi-150. ukuqhubeka ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga ukubona iBonampak Archaeological Zone ethokozisayo, enkabeni yeLacandon Jungle. Ukuheha okukhulu kwalesi siza seMayan esiseduze nomngcele neGuatemala yimidwebo yaso yodonga, eyenziwe ngekhulu lesi-8. Imidwebo ingubufakazi obucace bha beziqephu empilweni yamaMaya. Izithombe ezinhle kakhulu zifaka izingcweti emsebenzini; abaculi abashaya imitshingo, izigubhu nezinye izinsimbi; imidanso, izigcawu zempi neziboshwa ezilungiselelwe umhlatshelo.
13. Yini ukuhlobana kweYaxchilán Archaeological Zone?
165 km. Ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga yePalenque kunenye le ndawo yokuvubukula, etholakala phambi kwebhange loMfula i-Usumacinta. IYaxchilán yayiyisikhungo esibalulekile samandla kaMayan ngeNkathi Yesikhathi Esibanzi, ibusa phezu kweBonampak futhi iphikisana nePiedras Negras. Isiza sihlukaniswa yingcebo yaso yobuciko, ikakhulukazi amatshe aqoshiwe asezinsikeni zeminyango, kanye nemibhalo ebhalwe ngama-hieroglyphic enikeze imininingwane ebalulekile ngomlando wedolobha kanye namakhosi kahulumeni wawo. Ezinye izakhiwo ezihlaba umxhwele yi-stelae, iGreat Plaza neGreat Acropolis.
14. Itholakala kuphi iToniná Archaeological Zone?
Le ndawo yokuvubukula yaseMayan esincoma ukuthi uyivakashele itholakala kumakhilomitha ayi-115 ukusuka ePalenque, eduzane nase-Ocosingo. I-Toniná iphila ngesikhathi sayo phakathi kwekhulu le-7 nele-9 kanye namapulatifomu amakhulu ayi-7 agcinwe. Epulatifomu lesithathu, i-Palace of the Underworld ivelele; elesine ihlukaniswa Isigodlo samaGrisi neMpi; ipulatifomu yesithupha iqukethe i-Mural of the Four Suns, okufaniswa ne-Four Cosmic Ages; epulatifomu lesikhombisa, kugqame iThempeli Lababoshiwe kanye Nethempeli Lesibhema Esibhemayo, eliphakeme kakhulu eMesoamerica. IToniná inokubonakaliswa okuhle kwezobuciko, ikakhulukazi amatshe amakhulu kanye ne-stucco, nezembozo zokwakha ezinhlangothini ezimbili ezime njengonxantathu be-isosceles.
15. Yini engingayenza e-Aluxes Ecopark?
Kuyipaki kanye nesiphephelo sezilwane zasendle esakha umqondo ongokoqobo wezemvelo, esivuna ukuxhumana okuphezulu kwabavakashi nezilwane. Itholakala eduze namanxiwa emivubukulo futhi yondliwa kakhulu ngokubanjwa kwezilwane ezisengozini eyenziwe iziphathimandla. Lapho ungondla izingwenya nama-manatee, futhi ungaxhumana nezingwenya zezingane, ama-macaws abomvu kanye nezimfudu ezinkulu. Banikela ngokugibela isikebhe nokuvakasha okuhanjiswayo ubusuku nemini kwamaqembu okungenani abantu abayi-4. Kuvulwa zonke izinsuku zonyaka phakathi kuka-9 ekuseni no-4: 30 PM.
16. Isondele kangakanani iMpophoma i-Agua Azul?
Lezi zimpophoma, eziningi ezinhle kunazo zonke eMexico, zisendaweni evikela izimbali nezilwane ezitholakala kumasipala waseChiapas eTumbalá, amakhilomitha angama-64 ukusuka ePalenque. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluluhlaza wamanzi udluliswa yizinhlayiya ze-carbonate ngokumiswa, futhi kanye nomhlophe wegwebu kanye nohlaza oluhlaza okwezimila, kwakha i-vignette yobuhle obungenakuqhathaniswa. Okwamanje kwehla ngendlela ediyazela, kwakheka izimpophoma namachibi emvelo okujabulisa ukuwacwilisa. Amanzi acebile ngamaminerali abuye afake iziqu zezihlahla ezijwayele ukubonwa osebeni noma maphakathi nomfudlana.
17. Injani iMpophoma iMisol Ha?
Le mpophoma ephakeme ngamamitha angama-30 ingamakhilomitha angama-20 ukusuka ePalenque; Iwela yakha umthombo ongabhukuda kuwo uthathe izinyathelo zokuqapha ezifanele. Lo mfula wenza izimpophoma eziningana phakathi kohlaza oluminyene futhi ubungenye yezindawo zefilimu edumile Umzingeliinkanyezi ngu-Arnold Schwarzenegger futhi wadutshulwa ngokuphelele kuzilungiselelo zaseMexico. Indawo yempophoma iphethwe ngumphakathi wama-ejidatarios nawo ahlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala. Igama le-chol "Misol Ha" lisho "ukushanela noma ukuwa kwamanzi."
18. Yini okuheha i-Agua Clara Spa?
Kuyipaki yezokuvakasha etholakala kumakhilomitha angama-55 ukusuka ePalenque eya e-Agua Azul Waterfalls ku-Highway 199. Amandla wamanzi akhiwa umnikelo woxhaxha lwemifula phakathi kwayo okuyiShumulhá noma i-Agua Clara, ITulijá, iMichol, iBascam neMisol Ha. Emzimbeni wamanzi nendawo ezungezile ungazijwayeza ukuzijabulisa okunjengokubhukuda, ukuhamba ngesikebhe, ukugibela amahhashi nokuhamba izintaba. Ezitshalweni ezijabulisayo kungenzeka ukubabaza izitshalo ezifana ne-avocado, i-sapodilla ebomvu, i-arnica, i-begonia, i-chincuya yasendle, uqalo kanye ne-copal. Okuzoba nzima kakhulu kuwe ukubona inyamazane enemisila emhlophe noma i-tepescuintle, ababili babamele abaphambili bezilwane zale ndawo.
19. Yini eCatazajá?
30 km. Enyakatho yePalenque ku-Highway 199 yidolobha elincane laseCatazajá, ogama lalo lomdabu lisho ukuthi "isigodi esimbozwe ngamanzi." Ngokuqondile, ukuheha okuyinhloko kwabavakashi kule ndawo yizindikimba zayo zamanzi, ikakhulukazi iCatazajá Lagoon, lapho ungabaza khona ama-manatee, ama-otter kanye nezimfudu, futhi mhlawumbe ubambe i-bass, i-carp noma i-guabina. Kodwa-ke, inhlanzi ethakazelisa kakhulu ehlala echibini yi-alligator peje, uhlobo oluhehayo kokubili ngendima yalo ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo nangokubaluleka kwenyama yayo. Ungahle uthole okunye okugxishwe njengesikhumbuzo.
20. Bunjani ubuciko bePueblo Mágico?
Izingcweti zendawo, ikakhulukazi ama-Choles endabuko, ama-Tzeltales nama-Lacondones, enza izingcezu ezinhle nezinemibala, kusuka ezingutsheni zesifunda nezingubo ezifekethisiwe, kuya ezikhwameni nakubhaka besikhumba. Banekhono kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngobumba, ukhuni, izinsimbi, amatshe okuhlobisa kanye ne-amber, nasekwenzeni isithombe sobuso esikhunjeni. Okunye okukhethekile kwezobuciko kuleli dolobha yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-dream catchers noma ama-dream catchers, ama-hoops anenetha, ahlotshiswe ngezinto ezikhanyayo, njengezimpaphe. Kula ma-confection, izingcweti zasePalenque zisebenzisa imibala ehlukahlukene enikezwa yimpaphe yezinyoni ezisendaweni, yize izingcezu zingeyona neze imvelo.
21. Yini evelele ku-gastronomy yePalenque?
Ubuciko bokupheka bePalenque bufakwe ngokuqinile ngukudla kwangaphambi kweSpanishi nezinto zalo ezifanekisayo ezizenzekelayo, ezifana nommbila, upelepele nokhokho. Phakathi kwezitsha ezingokomfanekiso kakhulu zefa elibanzi le-pre-Columbian gastronomic kukhona i-shote con momo, iresiphi esekwe kuminenke yomfula, inhlama ye-nixtamal namaqabunga otshani ongcwele. Futhi idada ku-chilmol, lapho inyama iphekwa khona kusoso katamatisi, upelepele kanye nezinye izithako; iresiphi yakudala inedada lasendle, kepha ngenxa yokushoda kwayo kuye kwadingeka ukuthi ifudukele endaweni yokuchamusela kanye nenkukhu.
I-venison salpicón, inhlanzi ejulukile kanye nama-tamales ajwayelekile e-Chiapas kungezinye izibiliboco ongeke uziphuthe ePalenque. Uzothola konke lokhu okukhethekile nokunye kokudla kwaseMexico nakwamanye amazwe ezindaweni zokudlela zasePalenque. Esinye seziphuzo ezijwayelekile yi-tascalate, elungiselelwe ngoshokoledi, inhlama yommbila kanye ne-achiote. Ngokunjalo, i-grinder chocolate, i-pot coffee, i-chicha, i-balché ne-pozol emhlophe yiziphuzo ezivamile. Phakathi kwamaswidi kukhona lawo enziwe ngoju.
22. Yimiphi imikhosi ephambili ePalenque?
Umbukiso wokuhlonipha uSanto Domingo de Guzmán, umphathi wedolobha, wenzeka ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zika-Agasti. Kulesi senzakalo, iPueblo Mágico igcwele injabulo nombala wemidanso yomdabu yendabuko kanye nomculo wama-marimbas, insimbi eshaywayo efana ne-xylophone, inguqulo yayo yanamuhla enekhibhodi ekabili yasungulwa ngo-1892 ngumculi nomakhi. IChiapas Inhliziyo kaJesús Borras Moreno. Njengakulo lonke elaseMexico, kugujwa iPalenque Holy Week, ngoSepthemba 16, umkhosi wabo bonke abangcwele kanye nosuku lwabafileyo, nosuku lweNtombi eNsundu yaseGuadalupe, ngoDisemba 12.
23. Ngingahlala kuphi ePalenque?
Ihhotela iQuinta Chanabnal liyisakhiwo esihle esisendaweni eyi-2 km ukusuka e-Archaeological Zone; Yindawo yasezulwini maphakathi nehlathi, ihlotshiswe kahle futhi inamachibi amahle. Ihhotela iChablis Palenque yindawo ehlanzekile enezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lekhwalithi / lentengo. Ihhotela iMaya Tulipanes Palenque kungenye indawo yokuhlala enezinsiza ezinhle nezinsizakalo eziqaphelayo. Ezinye izinketho yiMisión Palenque, iChan-Kah Resort Village neHhotela i-Villa Mercedes Palenque.
24. Yiziphi izindawo zokudlela ezinconywe kakhulu?
Indawo yokudlela iBajlum ihambisana nokuvuselelwa kwase-Hispanic cuisine; Banikela ngezitsha ezinhle njengezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe, i-turkey yasendle ne-peccary. Yindlu enedumela elikhulu lapho uzohlala khona okuhlangenwe nakho okungenakulibaleka kwe-pre-Columbian gastronomic; yenza ukubhuka kwakho bese ulungisa amakhadi wesikweletu. Uma inyama exotic kungeyona isudi yakho eqinile, eMonte Verde Trattoria nasePizzeria unganambitha ukudla kwase-Italy okudala, yize abathandi bezinto ezintsha bengeke badumazeke nakho. Indawo yokudlela iMaya Cañada, iSaraguato neJade Café ezinye izindlela zokudla okumnandi ePalenque.
Siyethemba ukuthi lo mhlahlandlela uzoba wusizo kakhulu kuwe ohambweni lwakho oluya ePalenque, sifisa ukuthi uhlale kahle phakathi kwamaphiramidi, amathempeli, izimpophoma nezitsha. Sizokubona ethubeni elilandelayo.
