Yena Idolobha Lomlingo IMexiquense de Malinalco, elungele ukuphunyuka ngempelasonto enhlokodolobha, iToluqueños nakwezinye izindawo, inezintelezi ezithile ezizokushiya uthathekile futhi ufuna ukuphinda ukuvakasha. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele weMalinalco ukukusiza ukuthi usebenzise isikhathi sakho ngendlela eyiyo nejabulisayo edolobheni elihle nelamukelekayo.
Uma ufuna ukwazi amadolobha ayimilingo ayi-10 oMbuso WaseMexico Chofoza lapha.
1. Ukuphi?
IMalinalco yidolobha nomasipala waseMexico oseningizimu yesifundazwe saseMexico, esinqamula isifundazwe saseMorelos kanye nomasipala baseMexico i-Ocuilan, Joquicingo, Tenancingo kanye neZumpahuacán. Ifike esigabeni seMexico Magical Town e2010, ikakhulu ngenxa yesiza semivubukulo saseCuauhtinchán, esiseCerro de los Ídolos, esithathwa njengesinye sezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezweni, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwalabo okwakuyindawo yemikhosi yempi yangaphambi kweSpanishi.
2. Ngifika kanjani lapho?
Ukusuka eMexico City uye eMalinalco, kufanele ushayela cishe amakhilomitha ayi-115 ohambweni olucishe lube ngamahora amabili nohhafu, noma ngabe uhamba ngomgwaqo omkhulu iToluca noma ngomgwaqo omkhulu waseCuernavaca. Ukusuka eToluca de Lerdo, inhlokodolobha yesifundazwe saseMexico, ukufinyelela eMalinalco kunguFederal Highway Mexico 55, uhambo lwamakhilomitha angama-60 ukuya eningizimu. IMalinalco itholakala kumakhilomitha angama-80 ukusuka eCuernavaca, inhlokodolobha yesifunda semingcele iMorelos, ibheke eningizimu bese inyakatho ntshonalanga idabula iFederal Highway Mexico 95D.
3. Sinjani isimo sezulu sakho?
IMalinalco yisigodi esihlukaniswe iSierra de Ocuilan ohlangothini olusenyakatho ntshonalanga; entshonalanga umngcele wayo wemvelo uhla lwezintaba iCumbre de Matlalac kanti eningizimu unqamula iCerro Grande nezinye izintaba. Lokhu kuhlelwa kwendawo, okuhlukile ebangeni eliphakeme lamamitha ayi-1 000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kulinikeza izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nonyaka eliphakathi kuka-20 no-22 ° C, nezinyanga ezithile ezishisayo. Izinga lemvula lonyaka liphakathi kuka-1200 no-1500 mm.
4. Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "Malinalco"?
Kwiligi yangaphambi kweSpanishi yaseNahuatl, "iMalinalli" isitshalo esinomuthi ogama lakhe lisho ukuthi "utshani bokwenza i-twine." Izingcweti kuleyo ndawo zisasisebenzisa lesi sitshalo, ngokuqina kwaso okuqinile nokunezintambo, ukwenza izikhwama nezintambo. UMalinalli uphinde waxhunyaniswa nenye yezinganekwane ezinkulu zempucuko yangaphambi kweColumbian yaseMexico, uMalinalxóchitl, umthakathi omuhle kodwa oyingozi owayethanda ukushwabadela izinhliziyo zeMexico. UMalinalxóchitl wayengudadewabo kaHuitzilopochtli, unkulunkulu weLanga kanye nonkulunkulu omkhulu waseMexico.
5. Unabo ubufakazi bangaphambi komlando?
Kunezinsalela eMalinalco eziseduze no-3,000 BC. Atholakala ikakhulu emhumeni owaziwa ngokuthi yiChiquihuitero. Ubufakazi obutholakele kungamathuluzi amatshe angcolile, izinsimbi zokugaya ze-basaltic nemfucumfucu ye-obsidian ne-flint, amadwala aqoshwe. Ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene eziseduze nesigodi kunemidwebo yomhume, noma ngabe ingekho eyokuthandana okuqondile. Zenziwe ezindongeni ezinamadwala kanti ezinye zonakaliswe noma zacekelwa phansi ngabaseSpain, ababezithatha njengeziphikisana nenkolo yobuKristu.
6. Leli dolobha laqala futhi lavela kanjani?
Kukholakala ukuthi izakhamizi zokuqala "zendawo yotshani yokwenza i-twine" zifike phakathi kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuqala se-Early Post-Classic nokuqala kweLate. Babengamalungu abantu baseMatlatzinca abazinza esigodini saseToluca, yize amathempeli aseMalinalco angaphambi kweSpanishi akhiwa yiMexico, ngemuva kokunqoba indawo yokuhlala ngekhulu le-15, cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseSpain. UPavón wathumela isikhashana eMalinalco esigabeni sesibili seMpi Yenkululeko yaseMexico nangesikhathi seNguquko yaseMexico, leli dolobha laliyinqaba yeZapatista.
7. Yikuphi ukukhanga okuyinhloko?
Ukuheha okuyisisekelo kwabavakashi nezamasiko eMalinalco yindawo yezemivubukulo yaseCuauhtinchán, etholakala eCerro de los Ídolos. Lesi bekuyisikhungo esibalulekile sangaphambi kweSpanishi, ikakhulukazi esenzelwe amasiko amaqhawe, avakashelwa izivakashi eziningi unyaka wonke, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-2010, lapho umasipala waqala ukwenza ngcono ingqalasizinda yezinsizakalo ngenxa yesimemezelo sakhe seMagic Town. Leli dolobha linezakhiwo ezivelele zakamuva (okwakuyisigodlo sangaphambilini sika-Augustinian, amasonto), iminyuziyamu nezikhungo zamasiko, nezikhala zemvelo.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziyi-12 okufanele uzenze futhi uvakashele eMalinalco, yenza Chofoza lapha.
8. Yini ukubaluleka kwesiko leNdawo Yemivubukulo?
Amaqhawe angamabutho amasosha aseMexico kwakungu-Eagle Warriors ne-Ocelot noma iJaguar Warriors neMalinalco kwakuyindawo yokuthweswa iziqu kwalawa masosha. Leli qhawe elalizoba yilo, elalihlonishwa futhi lihlonishwa onkulunkulu uma nje umgomo usufinyelelwe, kwakudingeka lenze inzilo yezinsuku ezingama-46 ukuze lingene endaweni engcwele.
9. Yisiphi isakhiwo esibaluleke kakhulu esakhiweni semivubukulo?
Ithempeli eliyinhloko lokuhlalwa kwemivubukulo yaseMalinalco liyigugu elicishe lahlukile emhlabeni, ngoba liyisikhumbuzo, okungukuthi, liqoshwe etsheni elilodwa. Yilo lodwa ithempeli eMhlabeni waseNtshonalanga elinalesi sici, lijoyina ezinye izibonelo ezimbalwa kuleplanethi kulo mklamo wokuqala futhi onzima, phakathi kwawo kukhona idolobha lasePetra esigodini esikhulu soLwandle Olufile endaweni yaseJordani, amathempeli U-Ellora eningizimu yeNdiya kanye namathempeli e-Abu-Simbel aseGibhithe lasendulo.
10. Yiziphi ezinye izinto ezithokozisayo ithempeli elikhulu lakwaMalinalco elinazo?
Emnyango wethempeli kunolimi oluyimfoloko, empumalanga kukhona okuqoshwe ekhanda lenyoka nezinsalela zesithombe seqhawe, kanti ohlangothini olusentshonalanga kukhona isisekelo esikhulu esinezinsalela zesinye isithombe esibaziwe somlwi. Lezi zithombe kufanele zisetshenziswe njengabaphathi abajwayelekile. Ngokuhambisana nomsebenzi oyinhloko wesakhiwo, ukuqala kwamaqhawe angamaqhawe, ngaphakathi kwethempeli kunezithombe eziningana zezinkozi nama-jaguar. Kukhona nomgodi okukholakala ukuthi uyindawo lapho kubekwa khona inhliziyo yalabo abahlatshiwe.
11. Ingabe zikhona ezinye izikhumbuzo?
Ngaphandle kwethempeli elikhulu, kukhona nezinye izikhumbuzo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezikhonjiswe ngezinombolo I, II, III, IV kanye no-V. Isikhumbuzo No. II siyiphiramidi elincishisiwe elinesitebhisi esisodwa esiphakathi, esine-alfardas. Yenziwe ngamatshe futhi imbozwe nge-stucco, isembozo esenziwe nge-calcium esisetshenziswa kakhulu abakhi be-pre-Hispanic Mexico. Itshe lesikhumbuzo uNombolo III liqukethe amakamelo amabili, elilodwa elingunxande elinye liyisiyingi. Igumbi lokuqala elikhulu belihlotshiswe ngomdwebo osendongeni futhi ibhentshi elibanzi ligudla ezinhlangothini zalo zozine, ezinehlukaniso ohlangothini olusenyakatho olunikeza ukufinyelela egumbini eliyisiyingi. Kulokhu kwenziwa ukushiswa kwamaqhawe ashonile.
12. Yini into ethakazelisa kakhulu ngeSikhumbuzo se-IV?
I-Monument N ° IV iyipulatifomu eyi-semi-monolithic yesimo esingunxande, cishe i-280 m2, enengxenye yayo emaphakathi izisekelo ezimbili ezinde ze-monolithic ezime njenge-sarcophagi. Kukholakala ukuthi le esplanade bekuyindawo okwenzelwe kuyo i-netonatiuhzaualiztli, umkhosi wokuhlonipha iLanga owawugujwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-260.
13. Sibaluleke kangakanani isikhumbuzo uNombolo V?
Ingxenyekazi yetshe eyisiyingi yalesi sikhumbuzo kwakuyisigameko sokulwa phakathi kwamaqhawe u-ilguilas noJaguares namasosha ayiziboshwa. Iningi lalezi zimpi bekungumkhosi wokuzidela wamaqhawe athunjiwe, ngoba ayeboshwe ngonyawo olulodwa noma okhalweni maphakathi nesikhulumi, ngenduku njengendlela yokuzivikela, kuyilapho amaqhawe ama-Eagles namaJaguars bekwazi ukusebenzisa izikhali zabo zempi.
14. Yikuphi okunye ukuheha okuvelele eMalinalco, ngaphandle kwendawo yemivubukulo?
Idolobha laseMalinalco lamukelwa kahle, nemigwaqo yalo eboshwe ngamatshe, izindlu zalo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene kanye nezakhiwo zalo zenkolo yamakoloni. Amathempeli afaka phakathi isigodlo esasungulwa ama-Augustine friars, iSonto loMsindisi Ongcwele kanye namasonto ambalwa. Okunye okuhehayo yi-University Museum kanye neLuis Mario Schneider University Cultural Centre, iLiving Museum neMalinalxochitl House of Culture.
15. Wayengubani uLuis Mario Schneider?
UDon Luis Mario Schneider UZacouteguy (1931 - 1999) wayengusosayensi wase-Argentina owahlala eMexico ngeminyaka yama-1960, lapho enza khona umsebenzi othela izithelo njengososayensi, umlobi, umgxeki, umcwaningi, umqoqi kanye nomhleli. Wakha indlu yezwe eMalinalco futhi walithanda idolobha, ngendlela yokuthi wayandisa impahla yakhe, lapho aqoqa khona umtapo wolwazi wakhe omkhulu, imidwebo yakhe kanye nenani elikhulu lezinto aziqoqa empilweni yakhe yonke. UDon Luis Mario Schneider waphila iminyaka yakhe yokugcina engama-20 eMalinalco, waba ngumholi wezamasiko emphakathini.
16. Yini ongangitshela yona ngeLuis Mario Schneider University Museum?
Lesi sikhungo, esivulwe e-2001, sasiyimnyuziyamu yokuqala yangemuva ye-Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEM). Isebenza endaweni okwakuyimpahla kaSchneider, ekhoneni lemigwaqo i-Amajac ne-Agustín Melgar, eduze nokufinyelela endaweni yezinto zakudala, eyanikelwa eyunivesithi ngongqondongqondo, kanye nengxenye enhle yefa layo lamasiko, manje ivezwe esizeni. Lesi sigcinamagugu siyisikhungo sokuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi ezemfundo namasiko futhi siyindlela yokusabalalisa ulwazi lwenyuvesi nolomphakathi.
17. Yini engingayilindela eLiving Museum?
IMuseo Vivo los Bichos de Malinalco yindawo yokongiwa okuhloswe ngayo ukuxhumanisa izivakashi nezakhamizi nezinhlobo ezimelele kakhulu esifundeni. Isebenza kulokho okwake kwaba yindlu enkulu eyayiphethwe ngelinye iphayona lomnyuziyamu eMalinalco, uDon Lauro Arteaga Bautista, owathi eminyakeni engama-30 edlule waphakamisa ukuthi indlu yakhe ibe yindawo ebiyelwe ngalolu hlobo. Umnyuziyamu uneqoqo lezinambuzane, i-aviary kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, futhi abangaphandle bakukhombisa izimbali zesifunda. Kukhona nesitolo lapho ungathenga khona isikhumbuzo.
18. Yimiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa yiCasa de Cultura Malinalxochitl?
Le ndlu ingesinye sezakhiwo ezinomlando kakhulu eMalinalco njengoba bekuyindawo yokuhlala, ikomkhulu lezinguquko, isikhungo sezemfundo kanye nesikhungo samasiko. Le ndlu ine-patio enhle enezindawo eziphakeme futhi izikhala zayo zisetshenziselwa ukubonakaliswa kwamasiko ahlukene edolobheni. UMalinalco unezingcweti ezinamakhono okubaza izinkuni, ezisebenza futhi zikhombise imisebenzi yazo eNdlu Yesiko.
19. Yiziphi izinto ezikhangayo esigodlweni sezindela sika-Augustinian?
Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwa izithunywa zevangeli zika-Augustinian ngekhulu le-16 futhi sinesiteleka esineziteleka noma i-pilgrim portal enamakhothamo ayi-7 nomngcele ohlotshisiwe onezihlangu nama-anagramu asezingeni eliphezulu. Ingaphakathi lethempeli lihle futhi lisemqoka, kune-altare elikhulu, lesitayela se-neoclassical, neminye imidwebo egqamile.
20. Ngabe kuliqiniso yini ukuthi kunezindlu zesonto ezithakazelisa kakhulu edolobheni?
IMalinalco ineqoqo lamathempeli angabonakala ohambweni lokubuka ubuhle bawo futhi mhlawumbe ujabulele iphathi yawo yangasese, uma unenhlanhla yokuthi uhambo lwakho luhambisana nomkhosi womphakathi. Uhlu lufaka phakathi izindlu zesonto zaseSanta María, San Pedro, San Guillermo, San Martín, La Soledad, San Andrés, San Juan, Jesús María naseSanta Mónica. Indawo ngayinye yenza umkhosi wayo ngomculo, imidanso yesiko neziqhumane.
21. Kuyiqiniso yini ukuthi basebenzisa amakhowe we-hallucinogenic?
Njengakweminye imiphakathi yaseMexico, eMalinalco eminye imikhosi yokhokho yenziwa ngabathakathi nabelaphi lapho kufunwa khona ukuphulukiswa nokuxoshwa kwamahlaya amabi emzimbeni, izinkulumo ezivunyelwe njengokubonakaliswa kwamasiko. Zenziwa ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yemvula, lapho isikhunta sikhula kalula.
22. Yimuphi omasipala abaseduze kanye nezinto abazikhanga kakhulu?
IMalinalco imingcele komasipala, i-Ocuilan, iJoquicingo, i-Tenancingo neZumpahuacán, ezinokuheha okungokwemvelo namasiko okufanele ukuvakashelwe. I-Tenancingo ingamakhilomitha ayi-15, i-Joquicingo 20, i-Ocuilan amakhilomitha angama-22 neZumpahuacán 35. Okuheha kakhulu kuse-Ocuilan naseTenancingo.
23. Yini ongayibona e-Ocuilan?
Emiphakathini eminingi eduze kwesihlalo sikamasipala sase-Ocuilan kunezimpophoma ezincane nezindawo zokulima ama-trout. Omunye wemisebenzi emikhulu kuleli dolobha ukwenziwa kwezimbali ezimbali zemvelo, ezitshalwe kule ndawo, ezithengiswa eSanctuary esiseduze yeChalma.
24. Ngabe iChalma isondelene neMalinalco?
IMalinalco itholakala kumakhilomitha ayi-10 ukusuka edolobheni laseMexico iChalma, emgwaqweni oya eTenancingo. INkosi yaseChalma ingcwele ohlonishwa kakhulu futhi endlini yakhe engcwele kunezihambeli eziyi-13 minyaka yonke, eyokuqala ngoJanuwari 6, usuku lwe-Epiphany, kanti eyokugcina ngoKhisimusi. Uhambo olujwayelekile luvalwa ngemidanso yesiko yokuhlonipha iNkosi yaseChalma.
25. Yini engingayenza eTenancingo?
I-Tenancingo inesimo sezulu esihle kakhulu, esifanele ukutshala izitshalo zezimbali. Izimbali, ama-carnation, ama-orchid, ama-chrysanthemums nezinye izimbali ezinhle ezivela kumasipala wase-Tenancingo zizohlobisa izingadi namavasi eMexico, eYurophu nase-United States. E-Tenancingo de Degollado, isihlalo sikamasipala, noma endaweni eseduze, kufanelekile ukuvakashela isikhumbuzo kuChrist the King, iBasilica yaseSan Clemente kanye neConvent of Santo Desierto.
26. Ngihlala kuphi eMalinalco?
EMalinalco kunamahhotela, amaningana emakamelweni, lapho ungahlala khona kahle ukuze ujabulele iMagic Town. ICasa Navacoyan, eseCalle Pirul N ° 62, yakhiwe ngamakamelo athokomele futhi amahle futhi amakhasimende adumisa isidlo sasekuseni esihle kakhulu. ICanto de Aves Quinta Boutique iyisikhungo semvelo e-El Trapichito, esizungezwe uhlaza. I-Yolita yihhotela elise-rustic, elihle kakhulu kulabo abakhetha indawo elula nemvelo.
27. Ngabe zikhona ezinye izindlela zokuhlala?
ICasa Limón, eseCalle Rio Lerma N ° 103, idunyiswa ngobuhle bamakamelo ayo, umusa wabasebenzi bayo kanye nokwenza kahle kwekhishi layo. Mayelana neHotel Paradise Boutique & Lounge, izivakashi zayo zisho amakamelo ayo abanzi nemininingwane yayo ebabazekayo. EQuinta Real Las Palmas, ihhotela elincane elinezindawo eziluhlaza ezigcinwe kahle, ukungenisa izihambi nokwelashwa okwenzelwe wena kuyabonakala. Ezinye izinketho ezinhle zokuhlala eMalinalco yiHotel Boutique Casa de Campo, iCasa D’Lobo Hotel Boutique, iLas CúpulasPequeño Gran Hotel nePosada Familiar María Dolores.
28. Kukhona izincomo zokudla?
ILos Placeres yindawo yokudlela evelele ngobuhle bayo kanye nobuchule bokudla kwayo. Amakhasimende akhe ajabule nge-trout kakhukhunathi, uDavid fillet kanye ne-nopales gratin, efakwe ithanga nezimbali zaseJamican. IMaruka kungenye indawo yokudlela enezinto zokupheka zokudala, ezilungele abantu abadla imifino kuphela.
29. Kuthiwani uma ngifuna ukudla iMexico?
I-Las Palomas Restaurant-Bar inikeza izitsha zaseMexico ngokuthinta kwesimanje, kugqamisa ukhilimu we-poblano, i-chiles en nogada kanye ne-ancho chili egcwele i-chicharrón. Indawo yokudlela iMariMali yindlu ephethwe ngabanikazi bayo, isinongo sendabuko saseMexico ekudleni kwayo. Ezinye izinketho yiNipaqui neHuitzilli.
30. Kuthiwani uma ngifuna ukuziphatha ngobusuku bamaqembu kanye nemigoqo?
Uma ufuna ukuphumula futhi uzijabulise ebusuku ngemuva kohambo lwemivubukulo namasiko lasemini, eMalinalco unezinketho ezithile zokuchitha ubusuku obunokuthula nokujabulisa, noma ngabe ufuna ikhofi elimnandi nje kuphela noma uma ukhetha okuthile okuqine kunalokho. I-Arte + Café Gallery neCarajillo Bistro Café yizikhungo ezimbili ezinhle kakhulu ukujabulela ukumnika okumnandi kwendabuko noma ukulungiselela kwamuva. IMamitas Bar ingenye yezindawo ezivame kakhulu, kanye neMalinalco Brief Space, ekahle kubhiya abambalwa nabangani.
Siyethemba uwuthandile lo mhlahlandlela nokuthi uchitha izinsuku ezithile ezinhle eMagical Town of Malinalco. Sobonana maduze ukuthola olunye uhambo oluhle lolwazi!
