Ngaphandle kwamasiko namasiko ayo ahlukahlukene, iMexico yaziwa ngokuba isingathe imiphakathi eminingi esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu eMesoamerican emlandweni.
Noma ngabe bangamaMeya, ama-Aztec, ama-Olmec noma abanye, babonakala ngokushiya ifa kwezobuciko nesayensi, futhi zombili lezi zici zingabongwa ekwakhiweni kwazo.
Ngakho-ke, uma uvakashela eMexico, kunezindawo ezithile zemivubukulo ongeke uphuthelwe ukuqonda ukuqonda kwazo ngokomlando. Yikuphi? Ngokulandelayo ngizokhuluma ngama-26 abaluleke kakhulu.
Kutholakala eQuintana Roo, iTulum imele ukuhlangana kwezinto ezimbili ezibalulekile empucukweni yamaMaya; ezentengiselwano nenkolo.
Lokhu, ngoba izakhiwo zalo beziyingxenye yesekethe elidala lezentengiselwano lezakhamizi zalo, kanye nochungechunge lwamathempeli wokukhulekela uNkulunkulu Kukulkan.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwezigodlo zayo zamatshe kukhona indawo yokubuka evulekile, lapho amaMaya afunda khona izinkanyezi nokuhamba kwamaplanethi.
Njengokungathi lokho bekunganele, ukuphakama kwalesi siza semivubukulo kuholela ogwini oluhle kakhulu lweCaribbean, ngaphansi kwehora ukusuka ePlaya del Carmen, ngakho-ke ukubuka okuvela eTulum kungokuhlangenwe nakho okufanele nakanjani uphile.
Chichen Itza
Kutholakala enhlonhlweni yaseYucatan, ingesinye sezindawo zemivubukulo ezidume kakhulu eMexico ngokuhlanganisa idolobha lonke kanye nesimo esihle sokongiwa kwamatshe esikhumbuzo aso.
Phakathi kwamanxiwa ayo kuphakama iphiramidi elidumile elaziwa ngokuthi i-El Castillo, lapho kusuka ezitezi zalo eziyisi-9 amaMeya athi abheka ukwehla kukaNkulunkulu weNyoka.
Iphinde ivelele ngenkundla yayo ehlaba umxhwele yeGreat Ball Game, enezindonga zamatshe ezindaweni eziphakeme zezindonga, nezikhumbuzo zayo zamatshe ezihlonishwayo kumaqhawe amakhulu awile.
Ukwakhiwa kwayo okuhlaba umxhwele nokubaluleka kwemivubukulo kwenze uChichen Itzá wabhekwa njengesinye sezimangaliso eziyi-7 zomhlaba wanamuhla.
Cobá
Enye yezakhiwo eziningi zemivubukulo ezitholakala eQuintana Roo, cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-90 ukusuka edolobheni elihle kakhulu laseChichen Itzá nakumakhilomitha angama-40 ukusuka eTulum, eCobá kusivumela ukuthi sicabangisise ngokujulile umcabango wasendulo waseMayan.
Ukuheha kwayo okuyinhloko kulele ekuphakameni kwayo okungokwemvelo komhlaba okwakhiwe kuwo iPhiramidi likaNohoch Mul, elihlanganisa ingqikithi yamamitha-skwele angama-2,400.
Ngaphezu kokucabanga ngamatshe esikhumbuzo aso, eCobá njengamanje kunemihlangano yokufundisana yezandla kanye nezobumba ezivulekele umphakathi, enentshisekelo enkulu kulabo abafuna ukuzibandakanya emasikweni akudala amaMaya.
Uxmal
Idolobha elenziwe ngamatshe elikhuphukela phezulu esibhakabhakeni kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuchaza izinsalela zemivubukulo zase-Uxmal kumasipala waseSanta Elena, eYucatán.
Iningi lamathempeli alo nezigodlo zalo lisesimweni esihle, okwenza kube yithuba eliyingqayizivele lokufunda ngemisebenzi yamaMaya.
Okuhehayo kwayo okubaluleke kakhulu kokubili uhlelo lokuhambisa amanzi lokusetshenziswa nokongiwa kwamanzi okuphuza, olusasebenza nanamuhla, kanye nePhiramidi elidumile leSangoma, elithempeli lalo phezulu ligcina zonke izinhlobo zezimfihlo zokhokho.
I-Dzibanché
Kubhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zempucuko yamaMaya ongazithola eningizimu yeQuintana Roo.
Izazi eziningi zibheka ukuthi le ndawo yokuvubukula yaqala njengedolobhana elincane lezolimo, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwakhiwa ukwakhiwa kwamatshe okuhlukahlukene kwaze kwaba idolobha ongalithola namuhla.
Ukuvakasha kwezakhiwo namathempeli eDzibanché ukuvakasha ongeke uzisole ngakho, uma ufuna izikhumbuzo ezibalulekile zemivubukulo.
Futhi funda umhlahlandlela wethu ezintweni eziyi-15 okufanele uzenze futhi uzibone eTulum
I-Palenque
Ngenxa yezithombe zayo ezihlaba umxhwele nezakhiwo, ezisendaweni yaseChiapas, iPalenque ithathwa njengomunye wemisebenzi yamagugu amasiko esintu.
Ezindongeni zezikhumbuzo ezinjengeGreat Palace, iThempeli Lemibhalo kanye neThempeli Lokukhanya Okungcwele, ungathola izindaba ezilandisa ngokudalwa komuntu nendawo yonke ngokwesiko lamaMaya.
Ethuneni likaPakal II, ngokwesibonelo, kunemifanekiso lapho kubonwa khona imikhumbi-mkhathi namasudi asezinkanyezi asendulo, okuyinto engaqondakali okungenani ngenxa yobudala bamanxiwa ayo.
I-Tajin
Uma ufuna imisebenzi yokwakha enhle kakhulu yesiko lasendulo laseMesoamerican, ukuvakashela iTajín eVeracruz kuba yisibopho cishe.
Kokubili ukukhululeka kokwakhiwa kwayo, ukuqedwa kwayo okuhle kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zayo zemidwebo eqoshiwe futhi ehlotshiswe ngamatshe ayigugu, iTajín iba yisiza semivubukulo okufanele siyifunde.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba usuhlale iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-900, ungabona ukuvela kwemisebenzi yayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Teotihuacan
Esinye sezimpawu zamagugu aseMexico, esiseGreater State of Mexico, sibaluleke kakhulu kumasiko amaMaya kangangokuba incazelo yawo ngesiNahuatl isho ukuthi "Idolobha Lonkulunkulu."
Ukunwetshwa kwayo kuhlanganisa cishe amakhilomitha-skwele angama-300, lapho ungathola khona izikhumbuzo ezibalulekile njengeCitadel neThempeli leNyoka Enezimpiko, kanye nemipiramidi yeLanga neNyanga.
Ukuvakasha nokutadisha ngokugcwele imisebenzi yaseTeotihuacán kuwumsebenzi wosuku lonke, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi uthatha isikhathi esanele sokwenza ukuvakasha kwakho kuphelele ngangokunokwenzeka.
I-Paquimé
Ezingxenyeni ezimbalwa zemivubukulo ongazithola enyakatho neMexico, iPaquimé kungenye indlela ekahle uma uvakashela iChihuahua, ethathwa njengendawo yefa lomhlaba yi-Unesco.
Ukwakhiwa kwabo komhlaba ne-adobe kumangalisa ngokubheka isimo sezulu esomile lapho bekufanele bajwayele khona ukuze baphile, lapho uzothola izindlu, ama-labyrinths kanye nokwakhiwa okukhethekile kwama-macaws kanye nezimfudu.
Kukholakala ukuthi indawo yayo yayihlelwe kahle, ngenxa yombukiso wamalambu nezithunzi ezakha kuma-labyrinths alo ngemuva kokushona kwelanga.
Yaxchilan
Kutholakala edolobheni laseChiapas, iYaxchilán ngokungangabazeki idolobha elifihliwe kunoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwempucuko, kuze kufike lapho kutholakala khona kuphela ngesikebhe esiwela uMfula i-Usumacinta.
Ukubaluleka kwayo kwemivubukulo akuleli kakhulu kubukhulu bokwakhiwa kwayo, kepha kumcebo wamasiko ukuthi imibhalo yama-altare ayo, izindonga nokunye okusebenzayo kuyindlu.
Kusukela endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yezakhiwo zayo, uzokwazi ukucabanga ngombono omangalisayo womfula odabulayo wase-Usumacinta, ihlathi laseLacandon nendawo eluhlaza okokuzungezile.
IMonte Alban
Amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka edolobheni lase-Oaxaca, eMonte Alban ungathola amanxiwa wedolobha lasendulo elinamasiko amaningi, elalihlala amaZapotec namaMixtec.
Ukunwetshwa kwayo kubanzi impela, ngoba ngokuhamba ngezikhumbuzo zayo eziyinhloko uzothola izinkambu zeBig Ball Game, izinkundla zamasiko nezinye izakhiwo zamatshe.
Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zayo ezihlaba umxhwele, iMontealbán isendaweni ephezulu kwelinye lamagquma ase-Oaxaca, ngakho-ke ukubuka indawo kuyamangaza nje.
Cholula
Etholakala edolobheni lasePuebla, uCholula unendaba efanekisayo yokuthi abaseSpain abafike kule ndawo babhubhisa kanjani amathempeli amakhulu eToltec ukwakha isonto lamaKhatholika, okuyinkolo okwakumele baphendukele kuyo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, lapho uvakashela iCholula, uzokwazi ukuthola amanxiwa empucuko yakudala phansi kwentaba, kanye nesonto leVirgen de los Remedios ekugcineni kwalo.
Isikhundla samaToltecs eCholula siwahlomulise kakhulu ngokuhweba namanye amadolobhana, ngakho-ke phakathi kwezakhiwo zawo uzothola izikwele ezinkulu nemidwebo emikhulu ozohluleka ukuyithola kwezinye izindawo zemivubukulo.
Comalcalco
Kutholakala edolobheni laseTabasco, iComalcalco kungenzeka ukuthi ingenye yamadolobha asendulo aseMayan anethonya elikhulu kakhulu lasentshonalanga kulo lonke elaseMexico, kuze kube sezingeni lezindlu zezinhlanga ezivela kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba.
Izakhiwo zayo ezakhiwe ngamatshe zazinabantu abaningi abahweba kakhulu, ngokuba yileli lamadolobha anomsebenzi omkhulu kwezomnotho ezikhathini zangaphambi kweColombia.
Uma uhamba ngezinsalela zayo, uzokwazi ukuthola izikhumbuzo ezifana neNorth Plaza, iTomb of the Nine Lords nezinye izakhiwo ezigcinwe kahle, kanye nezindawo eziluhlaza ezikhangayo ongazisebenzisa ntambama ehlukile.
I-Calakmul
Impucuko efihlwe phakathi kwezihlahla ezinkulu zehlathi, esifundeni saseCampeche, ukuvakasha kwayo kunikeza ipharadesi lezimbali nezilwane kanye nokwakhiwa okuhle kwezakhiwo.
Izakhiwo zayo zibonakala zikhuphukela esibhakabhakeni, ngezitebhisi ezinkulu eziholela ezikweleni zasendulo zemikhosi futhi, phezulu, esigodlweni esihle samatshe.
Iqukethe amatshe asezindongeni zakudala nemidwebo eqoshiwe elandisa ngempilo ebiyenziwa kule mpucuko, kepha isezinhlelweni zokulungiswa ukuze iboniswe emphakathini.
Futhi uma lokho bekunganele, izivakashi zinconywa ukuthi zilinde kuze kushone ilanga ngaphambi kokuba zihambe, njengoba ukushona kwelanga eCalakmul nenkungu ebuye ihlanganise ubusuku kungumbukwane weqiniso wemvelo.
I-Bonampak
Uma unesifiso sokudweba kunokwakhiwa kwemivubukulo, ukuvakashela eBonampak ngokungangabazeki kuzokwanelisa okulindelwe.
Emanxiweni ayo asendulo kunemidwebo nemidwebo ebaluleke kakhulu yesiko lamaMaya, okube yisihloko sezifundo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi obani abalingiswa abadalulwe lapho.
Umdwebo waso omele kakhulu unosayizi wamamitha ayi-112, lapho phakathi kweminye imidwebo yamasiko nemikhosi, ithatha indaba yempi enkulu nemiphakathi engaziwa kuze kube manje.
Funda umhlahlandlela wethu ocacile ku: Tulum, Quintana Roo
Ek Balám
Kutholakala eYucatán, izazi-mlando zixoxa ngokuthi igama lalo libhekisela ku- “Estrella Jaguar” noma “Black Jaguar”, futhi lokhu kusho isithombe esibaziwe esibonwa emnyango wenqaba yaso, lapho kubonakala sengathi ungena emihlathini isibaya.
Emanxiweni ayo uzothola imisebenzi eminingana ehlaba umxhwele eyenziwe ngamaMaya nge-stucco, enama-hieroglyphs asukela ezilwaneni zasenganekwaneni aye ezingelosini.
U-Ek Balam wayenesikhathi esithile emlandweni inqaba eyayivikela amaMaya, enodonga oluphindwe kabili olwalume ngaphandle kwedolobha endaweni ngayinye yamakhadinali.
Phakathi kwezindawo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ozozibona eMexico, lokhu ngokungangabazeki kungenye yezokuqala.
I-Chacchoben
Kutholakala eQuintana Roo, kungenzeka ukuthi kungesinye sezindawo ezindala kakhulu zemivubukulo kulo lonke elaseMexico, nobufakazi obukhombisa ukuthi yayigcwele abantu isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuvela kukaKristu.
Inezakhiwo ezijwayelekile zesitayela seMayan, ezinamathempeli aphakeme kakhulu nezikwele ezikhuphukela phezulu kwazo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo ezizungeze iChacchoben zigcwele izilwane ezahlukahlukene kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi, ezihlangana nezivakashi, okwenza ukuvakasha kube yinto ethakazelisa nakakhulu.
Cacaxtla
Kutholakala esifundazweni saseTlaxcala, kungelinye lamadolobha abaluleke kakhulu kumasiko aseMesoamerican, lapho kwakuhlala khona ama-elite amaMayan.
Idolobha elibiyelwe ngodonga, elinemisele engaphansi komhlaba yokuvikela nezikwele ezihlotshisiwe ezibonisa ukwenziwa kwemikhosi yasendulo.
Isakhiwo saso esikhulu ngokungangabazeki sibizwa ngokuthi yiGreat Basamento, eveza izakhiwo eziningi zemikhosi kanye nezindlu ezahlukahlukene, lapho kukholakala ukuthi izindela zazihlala khona.
Ngokufanayo, emifanekisweni yalo eqoshiwe kunemidwebo ehlanganisa izimpi eziqhakazile phakathi kwama-Olmec jaguar warriors namaHuastec bird gladiators, lawa okugcina kungawona ahlulwa empini futhi ahlukaniswa izimbangi zawo.
Yize kude kancane nendawo ye-axis yamadolobha asezindaweni zonke, ukuvakashelwa eCacaxtla kuhle ukufunda kabanzi ngaleli siko.
ICantona
Ngenxa yendawo eyayikuyo ePuebla kanye nobufakazi bokuchuma kwakudala, kuthiwa kwakuyidolobha eliphikisanayo laseTeotihuacán eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule.
Kubhekwa njengendawo emaphakathi phakathi kwedolobha lezentengiselwano nendawo yasemadolobheni, ethonywe yisiko laseNtshonalanga, ngoba ngaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zokusebenzela ezihlala kulo, kuneemigwaqo engaphezu kwama-500 nemizi engama-3,000.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkambu ezingama-24 zeBig Ball Game zakhiwa kuwo, okuqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwaleli dolobha kubahlali balo.
Iminyango yayo njengesiza semivubukulo ivulelwe umphakathi isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuvakasha okuhle uma ufuna ukuthola okusha entweni ebonwe kuze kube manje.
Xochicalco
Etholakala esifundeni saseMorelos, iXochicalco ithathwa njengelinye lamadolobha abaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke imiphakathi yasendulo yaseMesoamerica, ehlanganisa izakhiwo zazo zonke izinhlobo endaweni efanayo.
Kuyo uzothola kokubili izakhiwo zokuhlala nezentengiso, izikwele zemikhosi yenkolo ngisho nemisele evikelayo nezindawo ezibiyelwe.
Kubuye kube nemipiramidi emibili enemidwebo yethonya eliphakeme lamaMaya, lena okuyiPiramidi Elikhulu kanye nePhiramidi Lezinyoka Ezinezimpaphe.
Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, inesinye sezindawo zokubuka ezimbalwa phakathi kwezindawo zemivubukulo zaseMexico, ezifinyeleleka ngemuva kokukhuphuka kwezitebhisi eziqoshwe ematsheni.
Ukwazi konke okuphathelene nemiphakathi yasendulo yaseMesoamerican endaweni eyodwa, ukuvakashela eXochicalco kuba yindlela enhle.
I-Tamtoc
Etholakala eSan Luís Potosi nakwelinye lamakhaya amakhulu esiko laseHuasteca, elihlala inani labantu abayi-16,000.
ITamtoc ingathathwa njengesinye sezikhungo ezindala kakhulu zocwaningo zempucuko yaseMesoamerican, enobufakazi obuvela ocwaningweni lobunjiniyela bamanzi nobuchwepheshe bezinkanyezi.
Izinkulumo zabo zobuciko zazisebenza ngezinto ezifana nethusi, igolide, i-obsidian ne-basalt, ngaphezu kwalokho babejwayele ukuzungeza inkolo yabesifazane njengomhlengikazi wenzalo.
Kuyisiza semivubukulo esinentshisekelo enkulu kwizazi-mlando noma abathandi bobuciko abasebenza etsheni.
Insimbi
Ingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa zemivubukulo ongazithola eColima, ngenxa yesimo sezulu sayo esina kakhulu unyaka wonke, kepha iLa Campana ingenye yezimbalwa, njengoba zisinda ngenxa yenethiwekhi yayo yobunjiniyela obuthuthukile.
Igama layo livela ekubunjweni kwegquma lapho izakhiwo zalo ezinkulu zitholakala khona, phakathi kwazo ongathola ikakhulu amathuna asetshenziselwa amasiko neminikelo.
Inokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwama-petroglyphs okufanele ukutadishwe, okwenza ukuvakasha kwakho kube kuhle kulabo abangakwazi ukufinyelela kulezi zindawo ezinokuhlushwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwezindawo zemivubukulo.
Izinsimbi
Njengoba kunezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo zokuhlala, ezenkolo, ezezinkonzo, ezepolitiki kanye nezinye izinhloso, le ndawo yokuvubukula etholakala esifundazweni saseDurango inakho konke okwenzelwe izifundiswa zokwakha.
Futhi inamaphiramidi anemibhalo nemidwebo eqoshwe ematsheni, kanye nesikhungo sokubuka esifundweni sezindikimba zasezulwini.
Yize izinsalela zayo zingalondolozwanga kahle uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu zemivubukulo, iFerrería inikeza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kakhulu kulabo abakude nenkaba yezwe.
UMitla
Leli dolobha lasendulo, elalihlala amaZapotec, lithola igama elithi ngesiNahuatl elisho ukuthi "Indawo yabafileyo", elibhekwa ngemuva kweMontealbán njengendawo yesibili ebaluleke kakhulu yemivubukulo e-Oaxaca.
Uma uthi nhlá, iyakumangaza ngomhlobiso ongaphambili lwayo, obuciko bayo obenziwe ngamatshe e-limestone futhi buhlukaniswa nezinye izakhiwo ezitholakala emadolobheni asendulo angaphambi kweSpanishi.
Ngaphezu kokuqoshwa kwayo kwamatshe okuningi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsika ze-monolithic kuyabonakala kokubili ngesakhiwo sayo nokuhlobisa, lokhu kuyisici samathempeli aso amaningi.
Tzintzuntzan
Ngaphezu kwegama layo lesici, elihlobene nesibalo se-hummingbird, eTzintzuntzan uzothola enye yezinsalela ezimbalwa zempucuko yaseTaracos eMexico.
Itholakala esifundeni saseMichoacán, osebeni loMfula iLermas, ngakho-ke ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zemivubukulo ungathola indawo eyingqayizivele ngesitayela sayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iTzintzuntzan ibonakala ngesitayela esingenangqondo nesinengqondo, esihlukile kwamanye amadolobha angaphambi kweSpanishi anentshisekelo yokuhlobisa izakhiwo zawo ngamatshe ayigugu noma imidwebo.
Tula
Kuthathwa njengombuso wasendulo wezohwebo eHidalgo, eTula ukuthengiswa kwamatshe ayigugu njenge-turquoise ne-jade kwagxilwa, kepha nezinye izinto ezinjengezimpaphe zezinyoni eziyigugu nokhokho.
Okuheha kakhulu ama-Atlanteans amakhulu atholakala ezigcawini, kanye nezinye eziningi ezisekela iPalacio de Quemado, umhlobiso wayo ngamatshe aqoshwe okuthile okungafanele ukuphuthe.
Uma uzithola uvakashela iMexico City futhi ufuna ukubona okuhlukile kokujwayelekile, mhlawumbe amanxiwa aseTula azokwanelisa izifiso zakho.
Ngayinye yalezi zindawo zokuvubukula inesikhalazo esihlukile ngesitayela sayo, kusukela kuzakhiwo ezinkulu kakhulu kuya ekuqoshwe okuyingqayizivele okuzokwenza uzibuze ukuthi ngamathuluzi ambalwa kangaka akwazi kanjani ukwenza imisebenzi ehlaba umxhwele kangaka.
Ngakho-ke, uma unethuba, kungakuhle ukuthi uvakashele eziningi zalezi zindawo zokuvubukula ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ubucabangani ngalezi zindawo zokungcebeleka futhi iyiphi ozoyivakashela kuqala? Yabelana ngombono wakho nabanye kumazwana abekiwe!
