ISoumaya Museum isiphenduke indawo enkulu yokuhlangana yobuciko namasiko eMexico City, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuvulwa kwendawo yayo ebabazekayo yePlaza Carso. Nakhu konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nomnyuziyamu.
Yini iSoumaya Museum?
Isikhungo samasiko esingenzi nzuzo esiseMexico City, esikhombisa ukuqoqwa kobuciko nomlando weCarlos Slim Foundation.
Ibizwa ngegama likaDoña Soumaya Domit, unkosikazi wesikhulu saseMexico uCarlos Slim Helú, owashona ngo-1999.
USlim ungomunye wabantu abacebe kakhulu emhlabeni kanti isisekelo esibizwa ngegama lakhe sakha izinhlelo emkhakheni wezempilo, ezemfundo, ezamasiko, ezemidlalo nokunye okuningi.
ISoumaya Museum inezindawo ezimbili ezivalekile, eyodwa esePlaza Carso kanti enye isePlaza Loreto. Indlunkulu yePlaza Carso isiphenduke isithonjana sokwakha iMexico City ngenxa yomklamo wayo we-avant-garde.
Yini ekhonjiswa ePlaza Loreto?
Indlunkulu yeMuseo Soumaya - iPlaza Loreto yaba ngeyokuqala ukuvulelwa umphakathi, ngo-1994. Lesi siza sisesizeni esinomlando, kwazise sasiyingxenye yekhomishini eyanikezwa uHernán Cortés kanye nesihlalo somgayo kakolweni nguMartín Cortés , ndodana yomnqobi odumile.
Kusukela ngekhulu le-19, lesi sakhiwo sasineLoreto nePeña Pobre Paper Factory, eyacekelwa phansi ngomlilo ngawo-1980, ngemuva kwalokho yatholwa yiGrupo Carso kaCarlos Slim.
IMuseo Soumaya - iPlaza Loreto inamakamelo ama-5, anikezelwe kwezobuciko nomlando waseMexico naseMesoamerican. Emakamelweni 3 no-4 iqoqo elithakazelisayo lamakhalenda aseMexico likhonjisiwe futhi igumbi lesithathu linikezelwe eMexico yekhulu le-19.
Ngabe isiza sePlaza Carso sinikezani?
Indlunkulu yeMuseo Soumaya de Plaza Carso itholakala eNuevo I-Polanco futhi yavulwa ngonyaka we-2011. Umklamo wayo onesibindi uqhamuka ebhodini lokudweba lomakhi waseMexico uFernando Romero.
URomero welulekwe yinkampani yaseBrithani i-Ove Arup, umbhali weSydney Opera House neBeijing National Aquatics Center; futhi ngomklami waseCanada uFrank Gehry, owathola umklomelo we-Pritzker Prize ka-1989, "umklomelo weNobel Wezakhiwo."
ISoumaya Museum - iPlaza Carso inamakamelo ayi-6, okuyi-1, 2, 3, 4 no-6 anikezelwe embukisweni unomphela kuthi ama-5 embukisweni wesikhashana.
Yimaphi amaqoqo aphambili eSoumaya Museum?
Amaqoqo eMnyuziyamu waseSoumaya ahlelekile hhayi ngokulandelana kwesikhathi, ahlukanisa amasampula amakhosi ase-Old European, u-Auguste Rodin, Impressionism kanye ne-Avant-gardes, iGibran Kahlil Gibran Collection, iMesoamerican Art, Old Novohispanic Masters, 19th Century Mexican Portrait, Independent Mexico Landscape and Art IMexico yekhulu lama-20.
Amanye amaqoqo adluliselwa ku-Devotional Stamp, Miniature and Reliquaries; Izinhlamvu zemali, izindondo nama-Banknotes kusukela ngekhulu le-16 kuya kwele-20, Ubuciko Obusetshenzisiwe; Imfashini kusukela ngekhulu le-18 kuya kwele-20, Photography; nobuciko bezohwebo beHhovisi Lokuphrinta laseGalas laseMexico.
Ngabe amakhosi amadala aseYurophu amelwe kanjani eSoumaya Museum?
Leli qoqo lenza uhambo olusuka eGothic luye kubuciko beNeoclassical, ngokusebenzisa iRenaissance, Mannerism neBaroque, ngokusebenzisa amakhosi amakhulu ase-Italy, iSpanish, amaJalimane, amaFlemish nawaseFrance ngekhulu le-15 nele-18.
Ama-Italians uSandro Botticelli, u-El Pinturicchio, uFilippino Lippi, uGiorgio Vasari, u-Andrea del Sarto, uTintoretto, uTiziano no-El Veronés bamelwe phakathi kwezinkanyiso ezinkulu.
Kusuka eSpanish School kunemisebenzi ka-El Greco, uBartolomé Murillo, uJosé de Ribera, u-Alonso Sánchez Coello noFrancisco Zurbarán, phakathi kwamanye amakhosi amakhulu.
Ubuciko beFlemish bukhona ngobuhlakani bukaPeter Brueghel, uPeter Paul Rubens, u-Antón van Dyck noFrans Hals. Ukusuka eJalimane kunemisebenzi kaLucas Cranach Omdala kanye noNcane, kanti amaFrance akhona noJean-Honoré Fragonard noGustave Doré, phakathi kwabanye.
Lunjani iqoqo leRodin?
Ngaphandle kweFrance ayikho indawo emelela kangcono “ubaba wesithombe sanamuhla” kuneSoumaya Museum.
Umsebenzi omkhulu ka-Auguste Rodin kwaba ISango Lesihogo, ngezibalo eziphefumulelwe ngu I-Divine ComedynguDante Alighieri; Izimbali ZobubinguCharles Baudelaire; Y Ukuguqulwa komzimbangu-Ovidio.
URodin wayengeke aphile ukubona ukuthi usimende wakhe uphendulwe waba ngethusi. Ezinye izinguqulo zethusi zenziwa ngopulasitela wazo wokuqala, ogcinwe emazweni ayisithupha, kubandakanya neMexico, eSoumaya Museum, ngemisebenzi efana Umcabango, Ukuqabula Y Izithunzi ezintathu.
Omunye umsebenzi ophawulekayo kaRodin ogcina iSoumaya Museum uyimodeli yokuqala eyenziwe ngumculi waseParis ngomsebenzi wakhe omangalisayo Abahwebi baseCalais.
Yini ekhonjiswa kuqoqo le-Impressionism ne-Avant-garde?
Lo mbukiso unikezelwe kubaguqukeli bezobuciko; labo abaphule imisinga ngokuzijwayeza ngokusebenzisa iziphakamiso ezintsha ezaba yinto yokuqala yokugxekwa ngonya ngisho nokuhlekwa usulu, ukuze kamuva zibe izitayela zomhlaba wonke.
Kusuka ku-Impressionism kunemisebenzi yamakhosi ayo amakhulu uClaude Monet, uCamille Pissarro, uPierre-Auguste Renoir, no-Edgar Degas. IPost-Impressionism imelwe nguVincent van Gogh noHenri de Toulouse-Lautrec; kanye neFauvism nguGeorges Rouault, uRaoul Dufy, noMaurice de Vlaminck.
Kusuka eCubism kukhona uPicasso futhi ovela eMetaphysical School, eGiorgio de Chirico. Ukusuka kokuziqhenya, iSoumaya Museum ibonisa imisebenzi kaMax Ernst, uSalvador Dalí noJoan Miró.
Kuthiwani ngoGibran Kahlil Gibran?
UGibran Kahlil Gibran wayeyimbongi yaseLebanon, umdwebi, umbhali wamanoveli nombhali wezindatshana owashona ngo-1931 e I-New York, eneminyaka engama-48 ubudala. Wabizwa ngokuthi "imbongi yokudingiswa."
UDon Carlos Slim uzalelwe eMexico, odabuka eLebanon, futhi akumangazi ukuthi uqoqe iqoqo elibalulekile lomsebenzi womuntu wakubo odumile uGibran Kahlil Gibran.
ISoumaya Museum igcina iqoqo lomuntu siqu lomculi, okubandakanya izinto, izincwadi nemibhalo yesandla ye- Inzuzo Y Uyahlanya, Imisebenzi emibili ebaluleke kakhulu yezincwadi kaGibran.
NguGibran Kahlil Gibran, iSoumaya Museum futhi igcina imaski yakhe yokufa, kanye nemidwebo kawoyela nemidwebo yezimpawu.
Linjani iqoqo lobuciko baseMesoamerican?
ISoumaya Museum ikhombisa imisebenzi enikezwe lesi sikhungo ngesivumelwano seNational Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico, okuyisikhathi sangaphambi kweklasikhi, esidala kanye nangemva kokudala kwezobuciko bangaphambi kukaColumbian entshonalanga neMesoamerica.
Kukhonjiswa imaski, izithombe zobumba, izingebhezi ezibhaliwe, izishisi zempepho, imishiso yempepho, ama-brazier nezinye izingcezu.
Umsebenzi wokuqhafaza nowamadokhumentari owenziwe umdwebi wamakhathuni waseSpain uJosé Luciano Castañeda ngesikhathi seRoyal Expedition of Antiquities of New Spain, nawo uyakhonjiswa.
Yini ekhonjiswa nge-Old New Hispanic Masters?
Lo mbukiso uqukethe imisebenzi kaJuan Correa, umbhali womdwebo Ukuqashelwa kweNtombi oseMetropolitan Cathedral yaseMexico City; we-Cristóbal de Villalpando waseMexico; nomphathi omkhulu we-baroque waseNew Spain, uMiguel Cabrera, phakathi kwabanye.
Lesi sikhala soMnyuziyamu waseSoumaya sinezinto zokudweba, ezibaziwe nezinye izingcezu zabadwebi abangaziwa baseNew Hispanic, kanye nemisebenzi yabadwebi abavela kwezinye izikhundla zobukhosi baseSpain ezazikhona eMelika ngesikhathi sobukhosi.
Unjani umbukiso WaseMexico Portrait weXIX Century?
Kuleli qoqo kunemisebenzi eyenziwe eMexico ngabadwebi bezithombe abadumile abavela kuReal Academia de San Carlos ohlonishwayo, njengeCatalan Pelegrín Clavé y Roqué, iTexcocan Felipe Santiago Gutiérrez kanye noPoblano Juan Cordero de Hoyos.
Isithombe sobunikazi besifunda esimsulwa simelwe nguJosé María Estrada kanti umsebenzi odumile ufanekiselwa yiGuanajuato Hermenegildo Bustos, ngemidwebo yakhe yenkulumo ephawuleka ngokwengqondo.
Ekugcineni, uhlobo luka "Muerte Niña" lukhona futhi, olunikezelwe ezinganeni ezafa zisencane, ezibizwa ngokuthi "izingelosi" ezweni laseSpain.
Yini i-Independent Mexico Landscape enayo?
Ngemuva nje kokuzimela, kwafika abadwebi abadumile eMexico ababebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni isikole sezwe.
Lolu hlu lubandakanya amagama abantu abangohlonze njenge-British Daniel Thomas Egerton, isosha laseMelika nomdwebi uConrad Wise Chapman, umdwebi waseFrance futhi oyiphayona lokuthwebula izithombe, uJean Baptiste Louis Gros; kanye namaJalimane uJohann Moritz Rugendas, aziwa kangcono ngokuthi uMauricio Rugendas.
La makhosi adumile akhuthaza abafundi abavelele, njengamaNtaliyane ahlala eMexico, u-Eugenio Landesio; ULuis Coto y Maldonado, waseToluca, noJosé María Velasco Gómez, waseCali.
Lezi zingcweti zokuhlelwa komhlaba zimelwe eqoqweni elizimele le-Museo Soumaya's Mexico Landscape.
Yini edalulwa ngobuciko baseMexico bekhulu lama-20?
Ithonywe ama-avant-gardes aseYurophu kanye nezifiso zomphakathi waseMexico, ubuciko bezwe buqhume kakhulu ngekhulu lama-20 ngokusebenzisa izibalo ezinkulu ezifana noMurillo, Rivera, Orozco, Tamayo, noSiqueiros.
Imnyuziyamu igcina imidwebo emibili eyenziwe nguRufino Tamayo kanye nokuqoqwa kwezithombe zabaculi baseMexico ezazingezombusazwe kanye nosopolitiki waseTamaulipas uMarte Rodolfo Gómez.
Iqoqo futhi liqukethe imisebenzi kaGünther Gerzso noJosé Luis Cuevas waseMexico, uJuan Soriano waseGuadalajara, uJosé García Ocejo waseVeracruz noFrancisco Toledo noSergio Hernández base-Oaxaca.
Ngabe okuqukethwe yi-Devotional Stamp nama-Miniature kanye nama-Reliquaries kuqukethe ini?
Ubuciko bokuphrinta obenziwa phakathi kwekhulu le-16 kanye nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 kwakuyinkolo eyisisekelo, ngabafanisi nabaphrinta abanjengoJoseph de Nava, Manuel Villavicencio, Baltasar Troncoso no-Ignacio Cumplido, abasebenzisa izindlela ze-intaglio, woodcut, etching and lithography.
Omunye umkhakha wobuciko othakazelisayo kwakungowokwenza ama-miniature nezinsimbi ezisekelwa ngezinyo lendlovu, lapho u-Antonio Tomasich y Haro, uFrancisco Morales, uMaría de Jesús Ponce de Ibarrarán noFrancisca Salazar babonakala khona.
Lunjani iqoqo lezinhlamvu zemali, izindondo nama-Banknotes kusuka ngekhulu le-16 kuya kwele-20?
Igolide nesiliva eliningi elikhishwe kumadiphozi acebile e-Viceroyalty yaseNew Spain ngesikhathi sekoloniyali ladluliselwa ISpain ngendlela yama-ingots. Kodwa-ke, izindlu eziningana zokudweba zavulwa kulo lonke elaseMexico, kwenziwa izinhlamvu zemali, eziningi zazo ezifunwa ngabaqoqi abazimele neminyuziyamu.
EMnyuziyamu waseSoumaya kukhona iqoqo elibalulekile lezinhlamvu zemali elitshela ngomlando umlando waseMexico, kufaka phakathi okubizwa ngokuthi uCarlos noJuana, izingcezu zokuqala ezenziwe ezweni laseMelika.
Ngokunjalo, kunemibukiso yezinhlamvu zemali zokuqala eziyindilinga zokubusa kukaFelipe V nalabo ababizwa ngokuthi "abalungisa izinwele" kusukela ngesikhathi sikaCarlos III.
Futhi, efeni lomnyuziyamu kunezinhlamvu zemali zomphakathi nezamasosha nezindondo kusukela ngesikhathi soMbuso Wesibili WaseMexico kanye namaRiphabhulikhi kusukela esikhathini sokungenelela kweFrance.
Ngabe i-Applied Arts ikhombisa ini?
Kuze kube yisikhathi ngaphambi kwenkululeko yaseMexico, iViceroyalty yaseNew Spain ibiyindlela yezentengiselwano yaseMelika phakathi IYurophu nase-Asia.
Ngaleso sikhathi kwafika izinto ezahlukahlukene eMexico, njengezipuni, amasongo, izikhwama zangasese zaseViennese, izitsha zasekhishini nezinye izingcezu manje ezakha umbukiso Wezobuciko Obusetshenzisiwe eSoumaya Museum.
Phakathi kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuqoqwa kwezipuni zomqoqi waseJalimane u-Ernesto Richheimer, isongo okwakungele-Empress Carlota waseMexico, unkosikazi kaMaximiliano de Habsburgo, kanye nefenisha, amabhokisi omculo, izikrini, amawashi nobucwebe.
Yini ekuqoqweni kweFeshini nezithombe?
Umnyuziyamu unikeza ukuhamba emhlabeni kanye nemfashini yaseMexico phakathi kwekhulu le-18 nele-20. Ungazithanda izingubo ezenziwe nge-brocade, i-damask, isilikhi, i-satin ne-velvet; amalokwe, amasudi wamadoda, izembatho eziseduze, ubucwebe nezinye izinsimbi.
Enkambeni ekhangayo yezembatho ezingokwesiko nezenkolo, kunemisebenzi enezintambo ezisontekile, ama-sequin, ama-capes, i-braid, i-trousseau, nezembozo zekhalishi, phakathi kwabanye.
Isampula lokuthatha izithombe lifaka ama-daguerreotypes, ama-tintypes, ama-platinotypes, ama-collodions nama-albhamu kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19, kanye namakhamera, ama-phototypes nezithombe zabantu abakhulu kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20.
Usho ukuthini umbukiso i-Arte Comercial de la Imprenta Galas de México?
UGalas de México wayengummemezeli omkhulu wamakhalenda nezinye izingcezu zezentengiselwano emakethe yaseMexico naseLatin American, cishe phakathi kweminyaka yama-1930 kuya kowe-1970.
Ukuchazwa kobuciko kwezitikha kwakuwumsebenzi ohlanganyelwe wabadwebi, abadwebi bekhathuni, abathwebuli bezithombe nabaphrinta, oboniswe emibhalweni yezomlando, eye-folkloric nehlekisayo, imihlaba namasiko, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo.
Iqoqo lomnyuziyamu lifaka ukuphrinta, uwoyela, izinto ezingezinhle namafilimu enziwe ngabakhi bezakhiwo abakhulu bangaleso sikhathi, kanye nemishini, amakhamera nezinye izinto.
Yimiphi eminye imisebenzi eyenziwa umnyuziyamu?
ISoumaya Museum yenza isethi yezinhlelo ezihlobene nobuciko, kude nemibukiso yazo. Le misebenzi ifaka phakathi imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi - efana nokuthi "Ukusuka endukwini enjalo kuye ekuqhekekeni", okuhloswe ngayo kubazali babadwebi nezingane zabo - ukuzithemba kwezobuciko namakhonsathi.
Phakathi kwezinsizakalo umnyuziyamu ozihlinzekela izivakashi zawo kukhona ukuhambela abathintekayo abangaboni nabangaboni kahle, ukufinyelela ezinjeni eziqinisekisiwe eziqinisekisiwe, ukutolika kolimi lwezandla nokupaka amabhayisikili.
Zikuphi izindawo zemnyuziyamu futhi angakanani amanani namahora azo?
Isiza sePlaza Loreto sise-Avenida Revolución naseRío Magdalena, e-Eje 10 Sur, eTizapán, eSan Ángel. Kuvulekile emphakathini nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kwangoLwesibili, kusukela ngo-10: 30 ekuseni kuya ku-6: 30 PM (ngoMgqibelo kuze kube ngu-8 PM). Izivakashi ePlaza Loreto zingapaka eCalle Altamirano 46, e-vlvaro Obregón.
Indawo yePlaza Carso ikuBulevar Cervantes Saavedra, ekhoneni lePresa Falcón, e-Ampliación Granada futhi ivulwa nsuku zonke phakathi kuka-10: 30 ekuseni no-6: 30 PM.
Ukungena kulezi zindawo ezimbili ezibiyelwe eMnyuziyamu waseSoumaya kumahhala.
Siyethemba ukuthi ukuvakasha kwakho eSoumaya Museum kuyajabulisa kakhulu futhi kuyafundisa, ngethemba lokuthi ungasishiyela ukuphawula okufushane ngalokhu okuthunyelwe nangolwazi lwakho kulezi zindawo ezinhle zobuciko.
Imihlahlandlela yaseMexico City
- Iminyuziyamu engama-30 ehamba phambili eMexico City Ukuvakashela
- Izinto Eziyi-120 Okufanele Uzenze EMexico City
