EMpumalanga Idolobha Lomlingo I-Oaxaca inengcebo enhle yemivubukulo futhi inezinye izinto ezinhle esingathanda ukuhlanganyela nawe ngalo mhlahlandlela ophelele.
1. Ngifika kanjani eSan Pablo Villa Mitla?
ISan Pablo Villa Mitla, noma nje iMitla, inhlokodolobha encane kamasipala wase-Oaxacan onegama elifanayo, etholakala esifundeni saseCentral Valleys e-Oaxaca. Ibhizinisi likamasipala lingelesiFunda saseTlacolula de los Valles Centrales, indawo eyakhelwe izigodi ezintathu ezinkulu zemifula ezihlukaniswe yiMixtec Nudo, iSierra Juárez neSierra Madre del Sur. Idolobha lase-Oaxaca lingamakhilomitha angama-46 kuphela ukusuka eMagic Town.
2. Lakhiwa kanjani leli dolobha?
Ama-Aztec abizwa nge- "Mictlán", okusho ukuthi "IsiGodi sabafileyo," indawo yangaphambi kweSpanishi eyatholwa ngabanqobi. Abashumayeli baseSpain bakha ithempeli lokuqala phakathi nekhulu le-16 lokuhlonipha uMphostoli Wabezizwe futhi idolobha lamukela igama leSan Pablo Villa Mitla. Ngenhlanhla, ingxenye enhle yokwakhiwa okukhulu okwakhiwa amaMixtec namaZapotec yasinda ekubekweni kwamasiko nokusetshenziswa kwawo njenge "inkwali" yezinto zokwakha. Ngo-2015, iSan Pablo Villa Mitla yafakwa ohlelweni lwamaMagical Towns ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwabavakashi besiza sayo esibalulekile semivubukulo nobuhle baso bokwakha nobemvelo.
3. Hlobo luni lwesimo sezulu uMitla analo?
Idunyiswe ukuphakama kwayo ngamamitha ayi-1,684 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle eCentral Valleys, idolobha laseSan Pablo Villa Mitla linesimo sezulu esihle kakhulu, esipholile, asina kakhulu futhi alinazinguquko ezimbi kakhulu ku-thermometer. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nonyaka lingu-17.4 ° C; ekhuphukela ku-20 ° C ngesikhathi esifudumele (ngoMeyi) bese yehlela ku-15 ° C esikhathini esibanda kakhulu, esisukela kuDisemba kuya kuJanuwari. Ama-623 mm kuphela wamanzi awela esibhakabhakeni ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sikaMeyi-Septhemba.
4. Yikuphi okuyisisekelo okukhangayo eMitla?
Okuheha kakhulu iSan Pablo Villa Mitla yisiza sayo esihle kakhulu semivubukulo, ubufakazi obuyisisekelo sempucuko yaseZapotec neMixtec. Maphakathi nendawo yesayensi yemivubukulo, enepulatifomu yangaphambi kweColumbian njenge-atrium yayo, iSonto LaseSan Pablo, elakhiwe ezitsheni zesikhumbuzo zangaphambi kweSpanishi njengophawu lokubusa kwamasiko obuKristu. Isigodlo esihle sikaMasipala singesinye isakhiwo esifanelwe ukunconywa kuleli dolobha. Eduze kweMitla kunezimpophoma ezesabekayo zaseHierve el Agua, isimanga esihle semvelo. IMitla nayo ikulindile nezimvukuzane zayo, ushokoledi kanye nemezkali, izifanekiselo zayo etafuleni.
5. Yini ukubaluleka kweSayithi Lemivubukulo laseMitla?
Indawo yase-Zapotec - Mixtec yemivubukulo yaseMitla iyona ethola izivakashi eziningi e-Oaxaca, ngemuva kwalowo waseMonte Albán. Isayithi lakhiwe ngama-ensembles amakhulu we-5 abizwa ngamagama we-Grupo del Norte, i-Grupo de las Columnas, i-Grupo del Arroyo, i-Grupo del Adobe, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Grupo del Calvario; kanye neqembu laseNingizimu. Amasethi amabili okugcina angabadala kunabo bonke, enza umklamo wendabuko wezikwele, ozungezwe yizakhiwo, njengaseMonte Albán. Okwehlukaniswe nentshonalanga yedolobha lemivubukulo kwakhiwa okubizwa ngeLa Fortaleza, isakhiwo sokuzivikela samaZapotec kumaqembu ezinhlanga.
6. Yini evelele emaqenjini ezakhiwo?
Kuwo wonke amasayithi, okukhazimula kakhulu yiQembu Lamakholomu, elihlukaniswa ngokusetshenziswa kwalezi zinhlaka njengezinto zombili ezisekelayo nezokuhlobisa. Isigodlo esikuleli qembu sikhombisa ukusetshenziswa kobuciko nobuntekenteke bama-frets njengezinto zokuhlobisa ezifrijini zobuso nezindonga. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi iQembu Lamakholomu lakhiwa phakathi kwekhulu leshumi nane kanye neshumi nanhlanu, futhi ukwakhiwa kwalo kwahlanganisa amathalente amahle kakhulu kusayensi nakwezobuciko. Ezinye izingxenye zeQembu Lamakholomu ngama-quadrangles alo amathathu, ngeshwa lonakele ngekhulu le-16 ngenkathi bephucwa izinto zabo zokwakha ithempeli laseSan Pablo.
7. Linjani iSonto LaseSan Pablo?
Itholakala ngaphakathi kwendawo yemivubukulo futhi yakhiwe endaweni yesikhulumi sangaphambi kweSpanishi manje esisebenza njenge-atrium. Ithempeli lakhiwa ngo-1544 esakhiweni sezenkolo samaZapotec futhi linezindlu ezine, ezintathu zinama-octagonal ezindlwaneni ezivaliwe kanye nesiyingi esivala i-apse. Enye yezindlu ezi-octagonal ifaka indawo engcwele nenye ikwaya. Umnyango wesonto elikhethekile uhlotshiswe ngemibhoshongo ye-pyramidal nasodongeni oluseningizimu ye-atrium kusenokwenzeka ukubabaza umsebenzi wobuciko beZapotec. Ngaphakathi esontweni kuvezwe izithombe eziningana zenkolo.
8. Yini evelele esigodlweni sikaMasipala?
IHhovisi likaMasipala waseMitla lisebenza ebhilidini elikhangayo elinezitezi ezimbili, elinombhoshongo kanye nebhande. Ezingeni lokuqala, ingosi ende ibonakala ngokulandelana kwemengamo eyindilinga esekelwa ngamakholamu asangulukile, kuyilapho iphansi eliphezulu lihlukaniswa ngomugqa wamabhalkhoni. Ngaphambili kwesakhiwo kunombhoshongo wemizimba emi-5, owokugcina uqedelwe kudome elincane. Umzimba wesine wombhoshongo unewashi elifakiwe futhi une-balustrade. Maphakathi ne-belfry egqokisa isakhiwo kukhona ukuvulwa ngensimbi.
9. Ngabe kuliqiniso yini ukuthi imnyuziyamu eMitla kwadingeka ivalwe ngoba izingcezu zanyamalala?
Ngawo-1950, i-American Edwin Robert Frissell yathola indawo ebanzi eMitla, lapho yafaka khona iqoqo layo elikhulu lezingcezu zemivubukulo, isiza esaziwa kusukela lapho njengeFrissell Museum. Kamuva, umqokeleli uHoward Leigh wanquma ukuyisa eMnyuziyamu waseFrissell iqoqo lakhe elikhulu lezinto zeZapotec ayenazo edolobheni lase-Oaxaca, akha isampula elinganiselwa phakathi kwezingcezu eziphakathi kuka-40,000 no-80,000, enkulu kunazo zonke ezweni. Ngemuva kokushona kukaFrissell, impahla yadluliselwa kwabanye abanikazi, lo mbukiso wavalwa futhi iveyili lemfihlakalo laqala ukwelukwa ngendawo yezicucu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ingxenye ethile isezandleni zeNational Institute of Anthropology and History, kanti okwamanje, uMitla ulindele ukuvulwa kabusha kwesigcinimagugu sayo, okungasinikeza umfutho omkhulu wabavakashi. Siyethemba ukuthi uma uya eMitla sebevele bayivulile.
10. Unjani uHierve el Agua?
I-17 km ukusuka eSan Pablo Villa Mitla umphakathi waseSan Isidro Roaguía, lapho kutholakala khona izimpophoma ezesabekayo zaseHierve el Agua, isimanga semvelo esineminyaka eyizigidi ubudala. Buqamama kubukeka njengempophoma ebisalokhu imile ngenxa yesenzo esikhulu, futhi ngandlela thile kunjalo, ngoba imayelana nezinhlayiya ze-calcium carbonate eziqukethwe emanzini abelokhu eqoqana kule minyaka eyizinkulungwane, ukuze kuma-stalactites nakuma-stalagmites. Intwasahlobo eyakha izimpophoma zamatshe nayo yakha ichibi elikhulu lemvelo ngenhlanhla elingazange lishise futhi manje seliyindawo yokushisa eshisayo. Kukhona uhlelo lokungcola kanye nokunisela lweZapotec oluneminyaka engu-2 500 ubudala.
11. Yini engingayithenga njengesikhumbuzo?
Izindlu eziningi ezisenkabeni yomlando wedolobha nazo zinamasifundisane okweluka nokufekethisa enziwa ngabenzi bezobuciko bendawo abanamakhono. Izinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi yezindwangu zifaka izinto ezijwayelekile zokugqoka, izinto ezifekethisiwe ezenziwe ngezandla nezinto zasendlini, njengama-rugs, izikhwama, ama-sarapes, izando nezindwangu zetafula. Benza namasongo nemigexo ngemicu yemvelo, amatshe amancane nembewu. Izici eziningi zezindwangu ziphefumulelwe izinganekwane zeZapotec futhi zivela kumakhodi angaphambi kweSpanishi, yize kukhona izingcezu ezinemiklamo yesikhathi samanje. Phambi kwendawo yokuvubukula kukhona imakethe yezandla enikeza lezi zikhumbuzo ezinhle.
12. Kunjani i-gastronomy kaMitla?
Ama-Oaxacans aseCentral Valleys adla kahle imvukuzane kanti uMitla uphila ngokuvumelana nesiko, alidle futhi alinikele ngayo yonke imibala, ikakhulukazi emnyama. Esinye isidlo sendabuko yisibindi esinamaqanda. Ukuphuza kamnandi, baneshokholethi wabo oshisayo, i-caress efudumele ezinsukwini ezibandayo, abazilungisa ngamanzi hhayi ubisi. Isiphuzo sendawo esidakayo siyimezcal, yemvelo noma enongiwe ngezithelo, abazibiza ngokhilimu. Edolobheni elincane laseMatalán, eli-5 km ukusuka eMitla, kunama-palenque amaningi we-mezcal kangangokuba umphakathi ubizwa ngokuthi "inhlokodolobha yomhlaba ye-mezcal."
13. Yimiphi imikhosi ephambili eMitla?
Imikhosi yabangcwele abahlonishwayo yokuhlonipha iSan Pablo igujwa ngenyanga kaJanuwari. Kulo mcimbi, ithempeli, i-atrium yangaphambi kweSpanishi nemigwaqo ezungezile igcwele abantu basemadolobheni kanye nabahambeli abavela emadolobheni aseduze nakomasipala abangomakhelwane. Udwendwe olukhulu olunesithombe sosanta obavikelayo luqala ngokuphuma kwakhe kwe-apotheosis ethempelini elisendaweni yezinto zakudala, aqhubeke namathuna aseduze aphele maphakathi nedolobha. Ohambweni, iningi lababekhona liphuza ama-mezcalitos anconywayo. Udwendwe lwenkolo luphiliswa ngamaqembu omculo, amaqembu agqoke imvunulo ejwayelekile nezibalo ezinkulu zezinganekwane, ezakhelwe lo mkhosi ngokukhethekile.
14. Ngingahlala kuphi?
ISan Pablo Villa Mitla isezinhlelweni zokwakha ukunikezwa kwezinsizakalo zezivakashi futhi okwamanje ingqalasizinda yezindawo zokuhlala kuleli dolobha uqobo isilinganiselwe. Kungashiwo ngeHotel Restaurant uDon Cenobio, ekhoneni laseJurez kanye neMorelos esikhungweni esingokomlando, enedumela lokulula nokuhlanzeka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukusondela kwedolobha lase-Oaxaca kukuvumela ukuthi uhlale ukuze wazi uMitla kahle. Ku-40 km noma ngaphansi ukusuka eSan Pablo Villa Mitla, ngokwesibonelo, iHotel del Lago Express, iHotel Suite María Inés, iHotel Las Palmas neFiesta Inn Oaxaca.
15. Yiziphi izindawo zokudlela?
I-Rancho Zapata, etholakala kancane ngaphambi kokufika eMitla, inethuba lokukhiqiza ingcweti yayo yobuciko futhi iphake izitsha zaseMexico, zaseSpain nezesiLatin; ukunconywa kakhulu ngezichronron zayo kanye nokudla okulula kwe-Oaxacan. IDoña Chica, ese-Avenida Morelos 41 yedolobha, inikela ngokudla kwesifunda, kokubili okugijimayo nokuya emaphaketheni. U-El Famoso uku-Km. 1 womgwaqo omkhulu futhi unikeza i-buffet yezitsha zaseMexico esimweni esihle se-rustic. Ezinye izinketho yiLa Choza del Chef ne-Restaurante Donaji.
Ngabe ukuthande ukuhamba kwethu okufundisayo ngeSan Pablo Villa Mitla? Uma uneminye imibono, sicela usibhalele futhi sizokujabulela ukuyicubungula. Sizokubona maduzane ngokunye ukuhamba okuhle.
