Imizi yangaphambi kweSpanishi neyamakoloni iMonte Albán ne-Oaxaca ingamagugu amabili ayiqiniso wefa lethu lomlando namasiko okufanele uwazi.
INtaba ALBÁN
Yisiza esihle kunazo zonke esigodini sase-Oaxaca esibonisa ukuvela okuyingqayizivele kwesifunda esakhiwe amasiko amathathu alandelanayo: i-Olmec, iZapotec neMixtec. Ukuthuthuka kwayo okuphezulu kwenzeka kusuka ku-350 kuya ku-750 AD, enabantu abangama-25,000 kuya kuma-35,000, kwasatshalaliswa ngaphezu kwe-6.5 km2, isigaba lapho iningi lamatshe esikhumbuzo salo esiwathandayo namuhla, lahlala entabeni engamamitha ayi-500 ukuphakama. , lapho ungabona khona umbono omuhle wesigodi sonke.
Lapho sifika esplanade sayo esinobude obungamamitha angama-300, kutholakala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezakhiwo ezakhiweni zazo ezikhumbuzo, phakathi kwazo okugqama ukuthi leyo eyaziwa ngokuthi yiLos Danzantes, ekhombisa izingcwephe eziningi zamatshe eziqoshiwe esisekelweni sayo, lapho kungabongwa khona amanani abantu. -Okucacile kwethonya le-Olmec- esimweni sokudansa, yingakho igama laso. Uhlelo IV luveza ukwakhiwa okusha okubaluleke kakhulu kwesiko lamaZapotec: igceke lethempeli-ithempeli, isakhiwo esiqinile futhi esihlangene lapho kwenziwa le misebenzi emithathu. Esakhiweni esaziwa ngokuthi yiNdlunkulu, sinendawo enhle yangaphakathi enamagumbi amaningi ayenzayo. Umdlalo webhola udonsela ukunakekelwa okunamandla ngenxa yemithambeka emikhulu yezindonga zawo, netshe eliyindilinga elitholakala phansi enkantolo. Maphakathi ne-esplanade kunendunduma J, emise okomcibisholo, okukholakala ukuthi ibisebenza njengendawo yokubuka izinkanyezi, nezinye izakhiwo ezintathu ezakhiwe onqenqemeni olunamadwala. Amapulatifomu asenyakatho naseningizimu avale i-axis yenkimbinkimbi, nxazonke amathuna adumile afana nenombolo 7 (ahlolwe ngo-1932), akhiwe iqoqo elihle lezinto ezingama-500 neminikelo emihle.
ISIKHUNGO SOMLANDO SE-OAXACA
Lapho abaseSpain befika e-Oaxaca, bakha i-Villa de Antequera esizeni lapho ama-Aztec akha khona ibutho cishe ngonyaka we-1486 ukulawula isigodi, futhi abayibiza ngeHuaxyacac. Idolobha lasungulwa ngomthetho kaCarlos V, ngoSepthemba 14, 1526, kepha-ke awuzange udonswe kuze kube ngu-1529 ngu-Alonso García Bravo, owayezinze eMexico City, kepha wamukela igridi engamacala amane enamabhulokhi ububanzi ngamamitha angama-80 ububanzi. uhlangothi. Isikhungo esingumlando sase-Oaxaca sisalokhu sigcina isithombe sedolobha lamakoloni, elinefa eliyigugu kakhulu elihlale lingaqinile, linezela kulo ikhwalithi nokuhlawuliswa kwezakhiwo ezakhiwe phakathi nekhulu le-19; Ngokubambisana bakha indawo evumelanayo yasemadolobheni. Lo mcebo wokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ukhonjiswa kakhulu ethempelini lawo elikhulu, ethempelini nakwisigodlo sangaphambili saseSanto Domingo, esiguqulwe saba umnyuziyamu omuhle wesifunda; amathempeli eNhlangano KaJesu, eSan Agustín, eSan Felipe Neri naseSan Juan de Dios; imakethe yeBenito Juárez, lapho ungathokozela khona ne-gastronomy enhle yendawo; ne-Theatre enkulu yaseMacedonia Alcalá, phakathi kwabanye.
Isikhungo semikhosi iMonte Albán simele impumelelo eyingqayizivele kwezobuciko ekwakheni indawo enhle yokwakha (njengaleyo kaMachu Picchu ePeru, ebhalwe ngo-1983). Isikhathi esingaphezu kwenkulungwane yeminyaka, iMonte Albán yaba nethonya elikhulu kuyo yonke indawo yamasiko e-Oaxaca, futhi, ngenxa yokuhlala unomphela kwenkundla yayo yebhola, amathempeli ayo amahle, amathuna kanye nezinsika ezinemibhalo eqoshiwe ye-hieroglyphic, imele ukuphela kobufakazi Impucuko yase-Olmec, iZapotec neMixtec, ebihlala ngokulandelana esifundeni ngezikhathi zokuqala nezakudala. Futhi-ke, iMonte Albán iyisibonelo esivelele sesikhungo semikhosi yangaphambi kweColumbian maphakathi neMexico namuhla.
Ngokwengxenye yayo, isikhungo esingumlando se-Oaxaca siyisibonelo esihle sedolobha lamakoloni lekhulu le-16. Ifa laso elimangalisayo lingelinye lamaqembu acebe kakhulu futhi ahambisanayo kwezakhiwo zomphakathi nezenkolo ezwenikazi laseMelika.
