IMexico City, isikhungo esiyinhloko sabantu ezweni, bekuyindawo lapho kuwo wonke umlando amandla omphakathi nezenkolo ebegxile khona.
Ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi kwakuhlalwa izizwe zaseMexico ezivela ku-Aztlán wasenganekwaneni, owahlala endaweni ekhonjiswe esiprofethweni sasendulo: idwala lapho kuzoba khona umdolofiya nakulo ukhozi oludla inyoka. Ngokwemininingwane yomlando, iMexico yathola leyo ndawo futhi yahlala lapho ukuyinika igama leTenochtitlan; Ezinye izifundiswa zithambekele ekucabangeni ukuthi lelo gama livela kusiteketiso sompristi owabahola: iTenoch, yize ibuye yanikezwa nencazelo "yomhubhe waphezulu lapho uMexltli ekhona."
Kwakungunyaka we-1325 lapho lesi siqhingi siqala ukugcwala khona, siqala ukwakhiwa kwesikhungo esincane semikhosi lapho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izigodlo, izakhiwo zokuphatha kanye nemigwaqo eyayixhumanisa nezwekazi namadolobha ase ITepeyac, iTacuba, Iztapalapa neCooacán. Ukukhula okungajwayelekile kwedolobha langaphambi kweSpanishi kwaba nesakhiwo esehlukile emadolobheni, nezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zama-chinampas ezakhiwe echibini lesigodi, imigwaqo eshiwo ngenhla kanye nemisele yokuhamba kulezo ndawo ezihlanganisiwe zamanzi nomhlaba, kanye namabhuloho nezikhiye ukuqondisa amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, inqubekela phambili yezomnotho nezenhlalo eyayithuthukisiwe eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngama-200 yazwakala ngamandla amakhulu cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zamasiko ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kuguquka okusheshayo kwedolobha lomdabu kwakumangalisa kakhulu kangangokuba, ekufikeni kwabahlaseli baseSpain ngo-1519, bamangazwa umcabango omkhulu wasedolobheni nowenhlalo ababewunikwe.
Ngemuva kokuvinjezelwa kwamasosha amaningana okwaholela ekuweni kwedolobha elidabukisayo lomdabu, abaseSpain baqala bahlala eCooacán, lapho uCaptain Hernán Cortés aklomelisa ababengaphansi kwakhe ngempango etholwe eTenochtitlan, ngesikhathi esifanayo naleso esasungulwa idolobha eliyinhloko lombuso waseNew Spain, oqoka iziphathimandla nokwakha iHholo Ledolobha lokuqala. Baqale bacabanga ukuyisungula emadolobheni aseCoyoacán, eTacuba naseTexcoco, yize uCortés anquma ukuthi njengoba iTenochtitlan bekuyiyona ndawo ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu yamandla omdabu, le ndawo kufanele futhi ibe yindawo kahulumeni waseNew Spain.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1522 kwaqala ukwakheka kwedolobha elisha laseSpain, inkampani eyayiphethe umakhi u-Alonso García Bravo, owayeyitholile eTenochtitlan endala, ebuyisela imigwaqo futhi echaza izindawo zokuhlala nezokusetshenziswa kwabantu baseSpain umumo ophindaphindiwe, umjikelezo wawo ubekelwe abantu bomdabu. Lokhu kwaba nemingcele, ngendlela ecishe ibe yinye, umgwaqo waseSantísima empumalanga, owaseSan Jerónimo noma weSan Miguel oseningizimu, owaseSanta Isabel entshonalanga nendawo yaseSanto Domingo ngasenyakatho, kulondolozwa ama-quadrants idolobha lomdabu lapho kwabelwa khona amagama obuKristu aseSan Juan, Santa María, San Sebastián naseSan Pablo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kwaqala, kuqala nge "shipyards", inqaba eyavumela abaseSpain ukuthi bazivikele ekuvukeleni komdabu okungenzeka. Le nqaba kungenzeka yakhiwa phakathi kuka-1522 no-1524, endaweni lapho iSibhedlela de San Lázaro sasizokwakhiwa khona kamuva. Abantu abasha basaligcinile igama leTenochtitlan isikhashana, yize behlanekezelwe yilelo likaTemixtitan. Izakhiwo ebezigcwalisa ekuqaleni kwezwe laseColony bekungezinye izakhiwo zemikhumbi, ezinqunyelwe imigwaqo yaseTacuba, iSan José el Real, i-Empedradillo nePlateros, izindlu zehholo ledolobha, isitolo senyama, ijele, izitolo zabathengisi neplaza. lapho kubekwa khona isigxobo kanye ne-pillory. Ngenxa yokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwalesi sakhiwo, ngo-1548 sanikezwa ingalo yaso kanye nesihloko esithi “idolobha elihle kakhulu, elihloniphekile nelithembekile”.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16, inhlokodolobha eyayitholwa yiNew Spain yayinezakhiwo ezibalulekile ezingaba ngu-35, okumbalwa kuzo ezagcinwa ngenxa yokuguqulwa nokwakhiwa kabusha kwazo. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1524 ithempeli nesigodlo seSan Francisco, esinye sezindala kakhulu; Isigodlo sahlukaniswa ngezikhathi zakamuva futhi ithempeli laguqulwa ngekhulu le-18 lenezela i-façade yaseChurrigueresque. Kukhona nesikole saseSan Idelfonso, esasungulwa ngo-1588 saphinde sakhiwa kabusha nguFather Cristóbal de Escobar y Llamas engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-18, enezici ezibucayi zesitayela se-Churrigueresque. Esinye salezi zakhiwo kwakuyithempeli laseSanto Domingo nesigodlo sezindela, esokuqala se-oda laseDominican ezweni; Kuyaziwa ukuthi ithempeli langcweliswa ngo-1590 kwathi isigodlo sokuqala sanqotshwa ngelinye elakhiwa ngo-1736 ngesitayela samaBaroque, yize lesi sigodlo singasekho. Ngasohlangothini olusempumalanga lwethempeli, kwakhiwa iSigodlo Sokuqulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki, umsebenzi osuka ngo-1736 owathatha indawo yenkantolo eyayivele ikhona; lesi sakhiwo sakhiwa ngumdwebi uPedro de Arrieta ngesitayela sebaroque esangulukile. Njengamanje ihlala eMnyuziyamu Wezokwelapha waseMexico.
IRoyal and Pontifical University of Mexico, endala kunazo zonke eMelika, namuhla inyamalale, yasungulwa ngo-1551 kanti isakhiwo sayo sakhiwa nguCaptain Melchor Dávila. Okunezelwe kulo yiNdlu Yesigodlo Sombhishobhi, eyamiswa ngo-1554 futhi yavuselelwa ngo-1747. Kukhona nesibhedlela nesonto likaJesu, elasungulwa ngo-1524 nesinye sezakhiwo ezimbalwa ezonga kancane isimo saso sokuqala. Indawo abatholakala kuyo ikhonjiswe yizazi-mlando njengendawo lapho uHernán Cortés noMoctezuma II bahlangana khona lapho abokuqala befika edolobheni. Ingaphakathi lalesi sibhedlela beligcwele izinsalela zikaHernán Cortés iminyaka eminingi.
Esinye isethi sesibhedlela nethempeli kwakuyileso seSan Juan de Dios, esasungulwa ngo-1582 futhi saguqulwa ngekhulu le-17th ngomnyango ovulekile wohlobo lwethempeli ngesitayela seBaroque. IMetropolitan Cathedral ngesinye sezakhiwo ezinomlando kakhulu edolobheni. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqala ngo-1573 kusuka kuphrojekthi yomakhi uClaudio de Arciniega, futhi kwaqedwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-300 kamuva ngokungenelela kwamadoda anjengoJosé Damián Ortiz de Castro noManuel Tolsá. Iqembu elikhulu leza ukuhlanganisa esakhiweni salo esinamandla izitayela ezahlukahlukene ezisukela ebaroque ziye kwi-neoclassical, zidlula eHerrerian.
Ngeshwa, izikhukhula eziningi ezacekela phansi idolobha ngaleso sikhathi zaba nomthelela ekubhujisweni kwengxenye enkulu yezakhiwo kusukela ngekhulu le-16 kanye nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17; Kodwa-ke, iTenochtitlan endala, ngomzamo ovuselelwe, yayizokhiqiza izakhiwo ezinhle eminyakeni eyalandela.
