Funda kabanzi ngezimfashini zobuhle ezazikhona esikhathini sekoloniyali kanye nomthelela ezaba nawo ezakhiweni zamakoloni.
Ezweni lakithi, amasiko amabili ahlangana eColony ayenomqondo ojulile wezenkolo lapho amasiko, izinganekwane nezinkolelo ezindala zahlanganiswa ezaholela ekucabangeni okusha. Umdabu namanje ubengakalulami ekumangalisweni okubangelwe ukuhlasela okungenanhlonipho, lapho ubesevele esebenza kanzima ekwakheni amathempeli nezakhiwo.
Ukuhlelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala ngokuvamile kwakulandela izakhiwo ezimbili eziyisisekelo: eyodwa kwakuyi-grid emise okwebhodi lokuhlola - ifomu lapho ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa umlobi uBernardo de Balbuena, encwadini yakhe ethi Mexican Grandeur, angaqhathanisa naleyo ye-chessboard - Yize ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwakuvamile emadolobheni aseYurophu angaleso sikhathi, kwakuyisixazululo esamukelwa abantu abaningi ngenxa yobulula bayo, yize kungafanele ukukhohlwa ukuthi ukwabiwa kwamadolobha omdabu kwakungenxa yokulungiswa kwendawo okusondelene kakhulu nombono wabo. cosmology zomhlaba kanye nendawo yonke.
Olunye uhlaka lwalulolo lwezindawo zokuhlala okwakudingeka zivumelane nezici zomhlaba ngokwendawo; ezimweni ezinjalo ukwakheka kulandele ukungahleleki kwendawo, kulungiswa imigwaqo kanye nezikwele endaweni ezungezile. Izici zasemadolobheni zomlingiswa wezimayini zihlelwe eduze kakhulu kwamadiphozithi amaminerali nemithambo ngezinye izikhathi kwaqondana nemizi yakudala yaseSpain enemvelaphi yamaMoor.
Ekuthomeni kwezikhathi zamakholoni, amathempeli amaningi kanye namakhonsathi akhiwe ngemiyalo eyindilinga eyafika eNew Spain (amaFranciscans, amaDominican kanye nama-Augustinians), akhulelwa amafomu amahle afana nezinqaba. Izisekelo eziningi ezazihlelwe yilaba bakhi, zahlelwa ngendlela echazwe ngenhla nemigwaqo emikhulu yaholela ethempelini, izici zalo zokuhlobisa ezingeni lobuhle ezaziphendula imfashini yobuciko yangaleso sikhathi. Nazi ezinye zazo.
IsiGothic: Yadalwa eFrance ekupheleni kwekhulu le-12 futhi yaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngekhulu le-15. Isici sayo esiyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kwe-arch ekhonjiwe, amawindi ama-rose namawindi engilazi anamabala njengezinto zokukhanyisa kanye nemengamo edlangile yokudlulisa imithwalo kanye nokufakwa okuvela kuma-vault. Konke lokhu kudlala indima yokuhlobisa ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba lesi isitayela se-austere. Izikhala zalo zokwakha zikhonjwe ngomugqa oqondile omisa amakholomu nezimbambo zawo, ezihlangana kukhiye ophakathi ukuze zibe yizindawo zokuthwala. Kwethulwa eMexico ngekhulu le-16. Asikho isibonelo seGothic emsulwa ezweni lethu.
I-Plateresque: Lesi sitayela esehlukile - inhlanganisela ehambisanayo yamathrendi eyethulwe eSpain ngabadwebi baseJalimane, base-Italy nabama-Arab - yavela eSpain ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15 futhi yathuthukiswa engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-16. Sekukonke ibhekisa kuyo yonke leyo misebenzi yokwakha, ifenisha nobuciko obuncane obaklanywa futhi benziwa ngabenzi besiliva. Ezakhiweni zePlateresque zezitayela zamaGothic, ama-Italian Renaissance namaMoor ahlangana. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo eNew Spain kwanothiswa ngokuphawuleka ngokuchazwa kwabenzi bomdabu bomdabu, ababathinta ngokufaka izimpawu zangaphambi kweSpanishi. Ngokuvamile, kubonakala ngokusetshenziswa komhlobiso omningi osuselwa kumihlahlandlela yemifino, ama-garland kanye nama-grotesque emnyango nozimele wamawindi, kanye nakumakholomu nakuma-pilasters. Kukhona nezindondo ezinemifanekiso yamabhasi abantu kanti amakholomu afakwe amabalustraded; amanye amafasitela wamakhwaya ayashiswa futhi kwesinye isikhathi amawindi amakhulu asetshenziswa kuma-facade ngendlela yamathempeli amaGothic amadolobha ase-Europe.
I-Baroque: Kwavela njengokuvela kancane kancane kwesitayela se-Renaissance futhi isikhathi saso sasiyiminyaka yokuqala yekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa kuya ekugcineni kweshumi nesishiyagalombili, yize sinezigaba zaso zentuthuko ehlelekile ekufuneni amafomu amasha nolayini bokuhlobisa. Isitayela sifinyelele nasemisebenzini yokudweba nokubaza okwenziwe ngaleso sikhathi.
I-Baroque esangulukile noma yesikhashana: Kwakunobude obucishe bufushane, mhlawumbe kusuka ku-1580 kuya ku-1630. Kwakubonakala ngokusetshenziswa komhlobiso wemifino ezinsikeni zeminyango nangamakhothamo, amakholomu ahlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu ahlotshiswe ngemigqa ehlelwe ibheka phezulu, ngokuvundlile noma ngokuma kwe-frets ama-zigzag nama-cornices aphume nge-moldings ne-inlays.
I-Solomonic Baroque: Isikhathi sokusebenza kwalesi sigaba seBaroque siphakathi kuka-1630 no-1730. Ukungeniswa kwayo emkhakheni waseYurophu kungenxa yomdwebi wase-Italy uBernini, owakopisha ikholomu eyatholwa ama-Arabhu endaweni lapho kwakumele ukuba ithempeli likaSolomoni limi khona. . Isitayela sifake ukusetshenziswa kwalawa makholomu ama-helical kumhlobiso ojwayelekile wezingilazi zamathempeli nezakhiwo, ukubuyisa izici zendlela eyedlule nokuyicebisa ngezinye zezimpawu zayo.
Isitayela sebaroque noma isitayela se-churrigueresque: Yayisetshenziswa njengefomu lokuhlobisa phakathi kweminyaka ka-1736 no-1775 cishe. Kwavela ekuhumusheni kabusha okwenziwe ngabakhi bamapulani baseYurophu, kwamakholomu amaGrikhi ayenamaphuzu aphikisiwe epiramidi, athweswe imiqhele yamabhasi noma imifanekiso yonkulunkulu. Kwethulwa eSpain ngumdwebi wezakhiwo uJosé Benito de Churriguera - yingakho igama -, kwaba nesikhathi salo esime kahle eMexico. UJerónimo de Balbás nguyena owamazisa ezweni. Yize bekushiwo ukuthi isitayela sithathe ifa elithile kusuka ePlateresque, ukunambitheka kwaso okukhethekile kokuhlobisa okukhazimulayo kwasiholela ekudalweni kwendalo egcwele imigexo yezimbali, ama-vases, ama-rosettes nezingelosi ezazimboze wonke ama-facade.
I-Ultrabaroque: Kukhokhiswa okungaphezulu okungenamkhawulo kwezici zokuhlobisa ze-churrigueresque, okudala ukuguqulwa nokukhubazeka kwezinto zokwakha zakudala, zebaroque kanye ne-churrigueresque eziholela ezintweni zokuhlobisa ezihlasimulisayo eziphakamisa ubukhulu. Isitayela sizuze ukuphelela okuhle kwezobuchwepheshe ekumodeleni kwe-stucco nasekubazeni kwezinkuni.
I-Neoclassic: Kungumbhalo wesitayela ovele eYurophu phakathi nengxenye yesibili yekhulu le-18 ngenhloso yokuphinda ulandele izinkambiso zokuhlobisa zezitayela zakudala zaseGrisi naseRoma. Ukubaluleka kwe-Academy eMexico ngekhulu le-18 kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekwamukelweni kwe-neoclassical, ngaphezu komnotho owawudlula eNew Spain.
