Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90 kuphela ama-specimens ayi-170 alezi zinhlobo ezisencane abhaliswa. Namuhla, sibonga uhlelo lwe- "Save the Pronghorn", bangaphezu kuka-500 futhi singasho ukuthi inani labo labantu liyanda.
Emathafeni asogwini lwenhlonhlo yaseBaja California, ikakhulukazi esifundeni esesisazi manje njengehlane i-El Vizcaino, i-pronghorn ibikhona izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Lokhu kufakazelwa yimidwebo yomgede esisengayibabaza kweminye imihume kanye nobufakazi balabo abake beza lapha. Namanje abahambi abasuka ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka bakhuluma ngemihlambi emikhulu eyayibonwa njalo. Kepha ezikhathini zakamuva isimo sishintshile salimaza i-pronghorn enenhlonipho. Ukuzingela kwehlise inani labantu babo ngezinga elisheshayo. Ukudla ngokweqile kwakusobala kangangokuthi ngo-1924 uhulumeni waseMexico wakwenqabela ukuzingela kwabo, umyalo ovimbela ngeshwa ongabanga namthelela omncane. Inani labantu laqhubeka nokwehla, futhi ukubalwa kwabantu kweminyaka yamashumi ayisikhombisa namashumi ayisishiyagalombili kukhombisa amazinga athusayo, okwenza ukuthi ama-subspecies afakwe kuhlu lwezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa (zombili izindinganiso zomhlaba nezaseMexico).
Ukuvala indawo yazo yokuhlala
Izinsongo ezimbi kakhulu ekusindeni kwepronghorn enenhlonipho ziyi-anthropogenic, okusho ukuthi imvelaphi yazo itholakala ekusebenzisaneni kwabo nabantu. Okokuqala ukuzingela ngezinga elingaphezu kwekhono lohlobo lokuphola. Okubi kakhulu futhi kube wukuguqulwa kwendawo abahlala kuyo, njengoba ukwakhiwa kocingo, imigwaqo nezinye izithiyo ogwadule sekunqamule imizila yokufuduka futhi kwahlukanisa i-pronghorn, kude nezindawo zayo zokondla nokuphephela kwendabuko.
Ngakho-ke, ukubalwa kwabantu okwenziwa ngonyaka we-1995 kulinganiselwa inani eliphelele labantu abangaphansi kwabantu abangaphansi kwama-200, ikakhulu egxile emathafeni asogwini akha iCore Zone ye-El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve. Usongo alunakuphikwa.
Ithemba ngabo ...
Befuna ukubhekana nalesi simo, ngo-1997 iFord Motor Company kanye nabasabalalisi bayo, i-Espacios Naturales y Desarrollo Sustentable AC, kanye noHulumeni Wombuso, nge-El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve, bahlangana batakula i-pronghorn enenhlonipho ekuqothulweni kwayo okungenzeka ngokuqala Uhlelo lwe- "Save the Pronghorn". Uhlelo beluthathe isikhathi eside futhi lufaka izigaba ezimbili. Owokuqala (ngo-1997-2005) wayenenhloso enkulu yokuguqula isimo esinciphile sabantu, okungukuthi, ukufuna ukuba nezinhlobo eziningi. Isigaba sesibili (kusuka ngo-2006 kuye phambili) sinenhloso ephindwe kabili: ngakolunye uhlangothi ukuhlanganisa ukuthambekela okukhulayo kwesibalo sabantu nakwesinye, ukudala izimo zokuthi sibuyele sizohlala, sikhule futhi siphumelele endaweni yaso yemvelo. Ngale ndlela, akuzolulama kuphela lolu hlobo, kepha kuzotakulwa nemvelo yasogwadule, ebisentekenteke ngokungabi bikho kwayo.
Imigqa yesenzo
1 Kunzulu. Siqukethe ukudala imvelo engenazinsongo, imihlambi engathi shu, lapho i-pronghorn ithola khona izimo ezifanele zokukhula kwayo, ngamanye amagama, ukusungula "ifektri" yokufuna ukukhula okunempilo kwabantu.
2 Kubanzi. Ifuna ukukhulisa ulwazi lwethu emkhakheni we-subspecies nendawo ehlala kuyo, ngokuhamba okuqhubekayo kuya endaweni ye-pronghorn ngokuqapha nokuqapha imihlambi yasendle.
3 Ukubuyekeza. Lo mugqa wesenzo ubhekiswe kubahlali bendawo ngenhloso yokuthonya ukuguquka kwesimo sengqondo nokubuyekezwa kwepronghorn nokuba khona kwayo e-El Vizcaíno. Imayelana nokuzifaka enqubweni yokongiwa kwemvelo.
Ukunqoba kabusha kogwadule
Uhlelo lwe- "Save the Pronghorn" seluzuze ukuqashelwa kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokokuqala ngqa emashumini amaningi eminyaka, inani labantu lakhula minyaka yonke. Ngentwasahlobo ka-2007 kwase kunamakhophi angaphezu kwama-500. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, “ifektri,” ebizwa ngokuthi iBerrendo Station, isivele ikhiqiza ngaphezu kwekhulu minyaka yonke.
NgoMashi 2006, ngokokuqala ngqá, umhlambi owazalelwa ekuthunjweni ePronghorn Station, owawunabesifazane abangama-25 nabesilisa ababili, wakhululwa waya endle. Badedelwa eLa Choya Peninsula, indawo engamahektha angama-25,000 e-El Vizcaíno, lapho i-pronghorn yahlala khona iminyaka eminingi nalapho yanyamalala khona ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-25 edlule. Isiteshi senkundla iLa Choya naso sakhiwa ngenhloso yokubheka ukuziphatha komhlambi okhishiwe.
Ngemuva konyaka wokuqapha okuqhubekayo, kwafundwa ukuthi indlela abaziphatha ngayo iyefana neye pronghorn yasendle.
Inhloso enkulu yalolu hlelo iyaqhubeka ukudala izimo ukuze umphakathi ophilile nozinzile ukwazi ukuhlala namaqiniso emvelo yawo, uhlanganyele kahle nomphakathi olwazisayo, hhayi nje ngokubaluleka kwalo njengezilwane, kodwa futhi nangomcebo walo. kanye nokulinganisela okulethwa ubukhona bayo endaweni yasehlane i-El Vizcaíno. Lokhu kuyinselele kubo bonke abantu baseMexico.
Okuvamile kwe-pronghorn yenhlonipho
• Ihlala emathafeni awugwadule asemngceleni wolwandle futhi angahambi ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-250 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Amanye ama-subspecies ahlala ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1 000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
• Lezo zaseSonoran nezingwadule ezisenhlonhlweni zingahamba isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwamanzi okuphuza, ngoba ziwakhipha emazwaneni ezitshalo. Kuyadla imifino, kudla izihlahla, izihlahlana, amakhambi nezimbali, ngisho nezitshalo ezinobuthi kwezinye izinhlobo.
• Yisilwane esincelisayo esisheshayo esisheshayo eMelika, esifinyelela futhi sigcine izinhlanga ku-95 km / h. Kodwa-ke, inhlonhlo ayigxumi. Isithiyo semitha eyi-1.5 singaba yisithiyo esingenakunqotshwa.
• Amehlo akhe amakhulu, amahle ayamangalisa ngempela. Zilingana nezibonakude eziyi-8x, futhi zinombono wama-degree angama-280, okuzivumela ukuthi zibone ukunyakaza okufika ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayisithupha.
• Izinselo zazo ziqhekeza ungqimba lukasawoti olumboze amathafa asogwini futhi indle yazo isebenza njengomanyolo. Ngakho-ke, "amahlathi" amancane noma "ama-niches" adalwa emikhondweni ye-pronghorn efaka isandla ekuxubeni kokudla kwasogwadule, indawo yokuhlala enzima kakhulu ukusekela impilo. Ngakho-ke, ukutholakala kwemihlambi ye-pronghorn kubalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi yezitshalo ogwadule.
• Iwukuphela kohlobo lomndeni we-antilocapridae, futhi luhlala eNyakatho Melika kuphela. Igama lesayensi lalolu hlobo yi-Antilocapra americana. Kukhona ama-subspecies amahlanu futhi amathathu awo ahlala eMexico: Antilocapra americana mexicana, eCoahuila naseChihuahua; I-Antilocapra americana sonorensis, eSonora; kanye ne-Antilocapra americana peninsularis, etholakala kuphela enhlonhlweni yaseBaja California (endemic). Zonke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa futhi zibhalwe njengezinhlobo ezivikelwe.
