Eminye imibuzo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwalezi zixhobo zokwenziwa yilezi: lezi zakhiwo zensimbi zizosebenza njengezindawo zasolwandle kuze kube nini?
NgoNovemba 18, 1999, umkhumbi waseChina uFang Ming wenza uhambo lwakhe lokugcina. Ngo-1: 16 ntambama ngalolo suku amanzi aqala ukugcwala amasela akhe, amthatha ngemizuzu engaphansi kwemibili eya ekhaya lakhe elisha elingamamitha angama-20, phambi kwesiqhingi i-Espiritu Santo, eBay of La Paz, eBaja California Sur. . Phakade kude nelanga nomoya, ikusasa leFang Ming kuzoba yindawo yamatshe yokufakelwa. Umthumbi wesibili, ogama lakhe linguLapasN03, walandela indlela yalowo owayengaphambi kwakhe ngosuku olulandelayo. Ngaleyo ndlela kwavuthwa iphrojekthi eyayidinga isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka semizamo nokusebenza kanzima okuvela enhlanganweni yokongiwa kwePronatura.
Ngonyaka owodwa ngemuva kokudalwa komfula, iqembu lezazi zebhayoloji kanye nabathandi bokudilika kwezemidlalo banquma ukwenza ukuhlolwa kweFang Ming neLapasN03 ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ulwandle nezidalwa zalo kuphendule kanjani ebukhoneni balaba bantu abasha. zasolwandle.
IZIMPAHLA ZOKWENZIWA KWEZEMVELO NOKWEZEMVELO
Lo mkhankaso wawuhlelelwe uMgqibelo, Novemba 11, 2000, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kosuku lokuzalwa lokuqala lwamadwala okufakelwa. Izimo zolwandle zazizinhle, yize amanzi ayenamafu kancane.
Endleleni yethu eya eFang Ming sihamba ngomkhumbi eduze kwezinye zezindawo eziningi zemifula eBay of La Paz. Ezinye zohlobo lwe-coral, okungukuthi, zakhiwa ukukhula kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakhorali. Ezinye izindawo zamakhorali zakhiwe ngamatshe. Amakhorali namadwala womabili ahlinzeka nge-substrate eqinile yokukhula kwe-algae, ama-anemones, ama-gorgoni kanye nama-clams, phakathi kwezinye izinto zasolwandle, futhi ngasikhathi sinye kusetshenziswa njengesiphephelo sezinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene.
Ngendlela efanayo, imikhumbi eshonile (eyaziwa ngokuthi yimikhumbi) ivame ukumbozwa ngo-algae ne-coral, kangangoba kwesinye isikhathi isimo sokuqala somkhumbi singabonakali. Uma izici zendawo yaphansi zivuma, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuphahlazeka kuzosingatha inqwaba yezinhlanzi, zisebenza njengezixhobo zamanzi zangempela. Lesi yisimo sengozi yeSalvatierra, isikebhe esacwila emashumini amathathu edlule esiteshini saseSan Lorenzo (esihlukanisa isiqhingi i-Espiritu Santo nesiqhingana iBaja California) futhi namuhla okuyinsimu echumayo ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ukwehlukahluka kwempilo yasolwandle kwenza izindawo zamadwala (zombili ezemvelo nezokuzenzela) zibe yindawo eyintandokazi yokudilika nokuthwebula izithombe ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kwezinye izimo, abatshuzi abaningi bavakashela izixhobo zamanzi ukuze ziqale ukonakala. Ungahlosile, kulula ukunqampula igatsha le-coral noma ukhiphe owase-gorgonia, kuyilapho izinhlanzi ezinkulu zibhukuda ziye ezindaweni ezingavakashelwa umuntu kakhulu. Enye yezinhloso ezilandelwe ngokwakhiwa kwemifula yokufakelwa ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlukahluka ngamasu okutshuza, okuvumela ukunciphisa ingcindezi yokusetshenziswa nemithelela emibi ezixhotsheni zemvelo.
UKUHAMBA NGE-FANG MING
Safika endaweni eseduze nePunta Catedral, e-Espiritu Santo Island, ngabo-10 ekuseni. Usebenzisa i-echo sounder kanye ne-geo-positioner, ukaputeni womkhumbi wayithola ngokushesha iFang Ming futhi wayala ukuthi ihange liwele phansi esihlabathini liye kolunye uhlangothi lokuphahlazeka. Silungiselela imishini yethu yokutshuza emanzini, amakhamera namaslayidi epulasitiki ukwenza izichasiselo, kuthi ngamunye ngamunye singene emanzini endaweni yesikhulumi engemuva yesikebhe.
Silandela intambo okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuyo sasibhukuda siye ezansi. Yize ulwandle lwaluzolile, ngaphansi kobuso umsinga wawudaka amanzi kancane, kusivimbela ekuboneni ukuphahlazeka ekuqaleni. Ngokungazelelwe, cishe ngamamitha amahlanu ukujula, saqala ukwenza isithombe esikhulu esimnyama seFang Ming.
Mhlawumbe okunye kokuhlangenwe nakho okuthokozisa kakhulu kwe-diver ukuvakashela umkhumbi ocwilile; Lokhu kwakungokuhlukile. Impahla kanye nebhuloho lomyalo wokuphahlazeka kwadonswa ngokushesha phambi kwethu. Ngezwa inhliziyo yami ishaya ngamandla ngenxa yenjabulo yokuhlangana okunje. Akuzange kuthathe isikhathi eside ukubona ukuthi wonke umkhumbi wawuzungezwe amaqembu amakhulu ezinhlanzi. Yeka unyaka owedlule owawuyisisindo sensimbi egqwalile, sase siphenduka i-aquarium enhle!
Emgodini sasibona ukhaphethi ojiyile we-algae, ophazanyiswa kuphela ngamakhorali nama-anemone ayesevele engamasentimitha amaningana ubude. Phakathi kwezinhlanzi sikhomba ama-snappers, ama-burritos, ama-triggerfish nezimbungulu, kanye ne-angelfish enhle. Omunye wabangane bami wabala izinsizwa eziyishumi nambili ezincane zeCortés angelfish kumamitha nje ambalwa emphemeni, ubufakazi bokuthi ukuphahlazeka, empeleni kusebenza njengendawo yokuphephela yezinhlanzi zamakhorali zisanda kuqala. impilo yonke.
Ukuvuleka okwenziwe ezinhlangothini zombili zesikebhe sasivumela ukuba singene ngaphakathi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amalambu ethu. Ngaphambi kokucwila kwayo, iFang Ming yayilungiselelwe ngokucophelela ukususa noma yini engabonisa ubungozi kwabatshuzi. Iminyango, izinsimbi, amakhebuli, amashubhu kanye nezikrini lapho i-diver ingabambeka khona zisusiwe, ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhanya kungena kusuka ngaphandle futhi kungenzeka ubone ukuphuma okuseduze. Izitebhisi zikatakuli, amachashazi, okubamba kanye negumbi lenjini wethula umbukiso ogcwele imilingo nempicabadala, okusenze sacabanga ukuthi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi singathola umcebo okhohliwe.
Sisuka embobeni engemuva komkhumbi, sehlela endaweni lapho kuhlangana khona ophephela kanye nepini lokuqondisa, endaweni ejulile yokuphahlazeka. Isikebhe kanye nensimbi yokugwedla imbozwe ngama-mama-we-pearl, izimbaza ezikhiqiza amaparele ebezixhashazwa kakhulu kulesi sifunda kusukela ezikhathini zamakoloni. Esihlabathini simangazwe inani elikhulu lamagobolondo omama angenalutho. Yini eyayingababulala? Impendulo yalo mbuzo itholakala ngaphansi kwesigameko, lapho sibona khona ikoloni elincane lama-octopus elinamahlumela njengengxenye yokudla abakuthandayo.
Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-50 sivakashele iFang Ming, umoya osemathangini okuntywila wawunciphe kakhulu, ngakho-ke sabona kukuhle ukuqala ukwenyuka. Emasilayidini kwakunohlu olude lwezinhlanzi, izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla kanye nolwelwe, okufakazele ukuthi, onyakeni owodwa nje, ukwakhiwa kwaleli reef lokufakelwa kube nempumelelo.
UKUTSHAYA NGE-LAPAS N03
Akungabazeki ukuthi imiphumela ye-dive yethu yokuqala yayingaphezulu kakhulu kwalokho ebesikulindele. Ngenkathi sixoxa ngesikutholile, ukaputeni waphakamisa ihange waqondisa umnsalo womkhumbi waya esiqhingini esisempumalanga yesiqhingi saseBallena, amakhilomitha amabili nje ukusuka ePunta Catedral. Kule ndawo, ebangeni elingamamitha angama-400 ukusuka esiqhingini, kungumthombo wesibili wokufakelwa ebesihlele ukuwuhlola.
Lapho isikebhe sesimile, sashintsha amathangi okuntywila, salungisa amakhamera futhi sagxumela emanzini ngokushesha, okwakucace kakhulu lapha ngoba lesi siqhingi sivikela indawo kusukela manje. Ukulandela intambo okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuyo sifike ebhulohweni lomyalo weLapasN03 ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Isembozo salokhu kuphazamiseka singamamitha ayisikhombisa ukujula, kanti phansi kwesihlabathi kungamamitha ayi-16 ngaphansi kobuso. Lo mkhumbi unokubamba okukodwa okuhamba ubude bomkhumbi futhi uvulekele ubude bawo bonke, okunika umkhumbi ukubonakala kubhavu omkhulu.
Njengalokho esakubona ekudonseni kwethu kwangaphambilini, sathola iLapasN03 imbozwe ulwelwe, amakhorali amancane namafu ezinhlanzi zasolwandle. Lapho sisondela ebhulohweni lomyalo sikwazile ukubona isithunzi singena esikhunjeni esikhulu. Ngenkathi silunguze, samukelwa yiqembu elalicishe libe yimitha ubude, sibuka ngokulangazelela amabhamuza aphuma emishinini yethu yokuphefumula.
Ukuvakasha kweLapasN03 kwakushesha kakhulu kunalokho kweFang Ming, futhi ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-40 yokuntywila sanquma ukuza ngaphezulu. Lolu bekuwusuku oluhlukile, futhi ngenkathi sijabulela isobho lezinhlanzi elimnandi, ukaputeni wasibuyisela esikebheni sethu ethekwini laseLa Paz.
IKUSASA LEZIMPAHLA ZOKUVALISA
Ukuvakashela kwethu emadwaleni okufakelwa phambi kwesiQhingi i-Espiritu Santo kufakazele ukuthi, ngesikhathi esifushane, izikebhe ebezingelutho zaba yisiphephelo sempilo yasolwandle nendawo evusa amadlingozi yokujwayeza ezemidlalo.
Kungaba ngezinhloso zokongiwa nezokuvakasha (njengeFang Ming neLapasNO3), noma ngenhloso yokwakha izindawo zokuhlunga izinhlanzi ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezindawo zokudoba, izixhobo zamatshe zokwenziwa zimelela inketho engazuza emiphakathini engasogwini hhayi kuphela eBaja California kepha kulo lonke elaseMexico. Kuzo zonke izimo, kuzodingeka ukuthi kulungiswe izikebhe ngendlela efanele ukuvimbela noma yimuphi umthelela omubi kwezemvelo; Njengoba kwenzekile eBay of La Paz, imvelo izophendula ngokukhululekile kulokhu kunakekelwa.
Umthombo: IMexico engaziwa engu-290 / Ephreli 2001
