I-Speleology inikeza ukwaneliseka okungapheli, kusuka kulabo abahlobene nezinselelo zengqondo, njengokuhlula i-claustrophobia nokwesaba okujulile, enjabulweni ezungeze lezo zikhathi lapho ukwakheka komhume kuqediwe ngemuva kwamahora angapheli okusebenza phakathi udaka, uguano, amanzi namakhaza.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuzwa wokufinyelela ekugcineni komunye wale mihume lapho abazingeli bomcebo babenesibindi sokungena amamitha ambalwa ngaphakathi awuchazeki.
Sisanda kuthola ukuthi izimanga ezingalindelekile zingatholakala ekusindisweni. Isibonelo, okwakubukeka njengomhume kwavela kwaba ngenye into ngokuphelele.
Ngenkathi, ngo-1985, sisungula indawo yethu yokuhlala ePinar de la Venta, eJalisco, sasiqaphela noma yini ekhombisa ukuba khona "kwemihume." Ngelinye ilanga sabona into efana nalena eduze neLa Venta del Astillero, sanquma ukuphenya.
Umnyango wethulwe njengomlomo omkhulu omise okwe-arch, u-17 m ukuphakama ngamamitha ama-5 ububanzi, okwaholela egumbini elikhulu elikhanyiswe yimisebe yokukhanya eyayingena ngezimbobo ezintathu eziyindilinga - u-50 noma u-60 cm ububanzi. ububanzi- obutholakala ophahleni. Kuyathakazelisa! Sicabange. Lo mgodi wawunokujula okungamamitha angama-70, ububanzi obuyi-10 nokuphakama okungama-20 futhi kwakubonakala sengathi ukuphela kwawo kunqunywa yindunduma enkulu yomhlaba ekubhujisweni komhlaba ebusweni, esikuqinisekisa lapho sikhuphuka. Umgodi omkhulu ubonakala sengathi wenziwe ngenhloso (ngokusobala ngeziqhumane). Siphinde sashaqeka ukuthi, ngakolunye uhlangothi lwendunduma, umgede ubukeka uqhubeka nomhubhe omncane (3 noma 4 m ububanzi); Njengoba besingenalo iqembu elehlelayo, bekufanele siwushiye lowo msebenzi kwesinye isikhathi. Noma kunjalo, sihambele lapho umhume ubonakala uqhubeka khona. Ukukhulisa ukumangala kwethu, amamitha ambalwa ngaphambili sathola imbobo elingana naleyo esemgodini omkhulu, futhi sisizwa ngamathoshi ethu namatshe amatshe amancane esiwaphonse ngaphakathi, silinganisela ukujula kwamamitha angama-20. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sabona umugqa oqondile owakhiwa ukusuka emnyango womhume nokuwa. Sahamba kancane sathola omunye umgodi ofanayo onokujula okufanayo.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, enkampanini yesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba uHenri de Saint Pierre, sase sithole izimbobo ezingama-75 eziyindida, zihlelwe ngendlela eqonde ngasenyakatho, ngebanga elingu-11 no-12 m phakathi kokunye nokunye, kwe-29 yokuqala. Ibanga phakathi ezinye ziyehluka. Ku-260 m ulayini waba ngu "Y". Isigaba siphambukile entshonalanga saya egqumeni i-El Tepopote. Elinye lalibhekise enyakatho-mpumalanga, kepha ngenxa yomhlonyane asikwazanga ukukuhlola. Ngaleyontambama sidwebe noHenri ibalazwe lendawo engaziwa.
Kwakumayelana nani konke lokhu? Ukube yayakhelwe izizathu zemvelo, njengoba uHenri ayecabanga kanjalo, kwenzeka kanjani? Uma bekungenxa yesandla somuntu, kungaba yini inhloso yomsebenzi omangazayo kangaka? Kunoma ikuphi, okuwukuphela kweqiniso elalikhona ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi sasithole umhume oneminyango engama-75 endaweni ecishe ibe ikhilomitha elilodwa.
Uphenyo lokuthi sehle ngomunye wemigodi lukhombisa ukuba khona kwamanzi ezansi, kanye nezinsalela zendle yabantu ezindaweni eziseduze ne-ranchería. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, umqondo wokuqhubeka nophenyo ukhohliwe.
Olunye usuku, nokho, sehla endaweni lapho kudilika khona. Ngokusobala lokho esikuthole sisendleleni bekunganquma lolu hambo.
Ngokubeka izinyawo zethu phansi futhi singaboni iphunga elibi, ukunaka kwethu kwakugxile endaweni uqobo lwayo. Sasingalenzi iphutha. Kwakuwumgodi ohlotshiswe kahle omise umhubhe, uqoshwe emlotheni wentaba-mlilo ohlangene owathi phakathi namakhulu eminyaka waba yi-enjal (okuvela kulo igama elithi "Jalisco"). Ukukhanya kwelanga kwehla ngokuvuleka okuyindilinga ophahleni, njengamakholomu egolide akhanyayo, futhi kwakhanyisa kancane izindonga zaleyo ndawo kwabe sekubonakala emfuleni owathi, ngobunzima, wenza indlela yawo phakathi kwamahlumela, amatshe nodoti omdala owanqwabelana kwezinye izindawo. Saqala ukuhamba saya endaweni emnyama ukuthi u-11 noma u-12 m kamuva waphinde wakhanyiswa. Ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-150 ngaphambili, inhlabathi yahlulwa yakha umsele owawusiphoqa ukuba "sishaye" ibanga elide. Ngemuva kwalokho sithola ukwakhiwa kwama-cubic okwenziwe ngezitini nezingcezu zepayipi elidala. Lokhu okutholakele kufakazela lokho ebesikuzwile kwabanye abantu eLa Venta: "Kuthiwa isikhathi eside amanzi aqhamuka lapho ahlinzeka idolobha." Othile waqinisekisa ukuthi, namanje ngo-1911, amanzi aqoqelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezitimela zikamusi ezima lapho. Akekho-ke nokho owasinikeza imininingwane ezosisondeza ekutholeni umsuka womhume. Ukuhlola kwalolo suku kwaphela lapho sathola inqwaba kadoti owawuhlanganisa izilwane ezingaphezu kwesisodwa esimweni esiphakeme kakhulu sokubola.
OCHWEPHESHE BOMVUBUKULO BENZA IZENZO
Kwakuvele kuyihlobo lika-1993 lapho sihlangana nomvubukuli uChris Beekman, owayezele ukuzokwenza umsebenzi othile endaweni efanayo yehlathi. UChris wazinza ePinar de la Venta futhi kusukela lapho simlandele kokunye ukuhlola kwakhe, elangazelela ulwazi mayelana nempumelelo yokhokho bethu.
Ngesinye isikhathi simmemele "emhumeni wethu omuhle weminyango engama-75." Lapho bewela umkhawulo, "igumbi elikhulu", uChris waqalaza emangele. "MMM. Lokhu kubonakala kungokwemvelo ”, esho sengathi ukhuluma yedwa, nathi, sifuna ukwazi, samlandela. "Niyazibona lezo zithelo ezinde lapho?" Usibuze, ekhomba phezulu ophahleni, kolunye uhlangothi lwemigodi eyindilinga. "Kubonakala sengathi zenziwe ngepiki noma ngethuluzi elifanayo," eqhubeka, futhi ukungabaza kwaqala ukudansa phezu kwamakhanda ethu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ebuza umbono wakhe ngemvelaphi yale migodi, wagxilisa amehlo akhe kokunye kwalezi zikhala, okwathi kudala, ngokumangala, sabuka imisebe yelanga yehla.
“Awu… kahle… Aha!”, Futhi usinxuse ukuthi sibheke izimbotshana ezisemigodini, okungenzeka zimbiwe ukubeka izandla nezinyawo. "Lokhu kungaphezu komhume," ephawula ngokubukeka kokunqoba emehlweni akhe.
Emizuzwini embalwa nje besinesiqiniseko sokuthi isandla somuntu singenele kulowo mhume; ukuthi lo mgede wawuyi… okunye.
Lapho uChris etshela umvubukuli onolwazi uPhil Weigando ngale ndawo, esola okuthile okukhethekile, akazange achithe sikhathi.
"Akungatshazwa. Lokhu kuyi-qanat, ”kusho uWeigand esanda kungena endaweni. "Futhi, empeleni, ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yolwazi ezosinikeza lona mayelana nalolu hlobo lwezinhlelo nokunisela eMelika ngesikhathi sekoloni," eqhubeka. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, wayeyi-qanat yokuqala ekhonjwe entshonalanga yeMexico.
I-Unqanat (igama lesi-Arabhu) ngumsele wamanzi ongaphansi komhlaba lapho amanzi ahamba khona esuka kwelinye iphuzu eya kwelinye. Umhubhe umbiwe ngaphansi kwetafula lamanzi bese ufinyelela ekugcineni kulezo zindawo lapho kudingeka khona amanzi. Izimbobo ezingenhla zinikeza umoya omncane kanye nokufinyelela okulula emhubheni wokulungiswa. Lapho nje uhlelo seluqala ukusebenza, le mibobo ivalwa yidwala, esivame ukuyithola cishe ingcwatshwe eduze kwayo. Ekugcineni amanzi aqoqwa echibini.
Ngokocwaningo lukaWeigand, kwezinye izazi-mlando i-qanat ivela e-Armenia (ngekhulu le-15 BC); kwabanye, kusuka ezingwadule zasePheresiya lasendulo, manje eyi-Iran. I-qanat ende kunazo zonke kulezi zifunda ingamakhilomitha angama-27. Lobu buchwepheshe obubuhlakani, obudalelwe ukuthi busetshenziswe ezimeni zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, busabalale busuka eMiddle East buya e-Afrika futhi balethwa eMexico ngabaseSpain, ababufunda kwabaseMoroccans. Phakathi kwama-qanat atholakele eMexico, amanye atholakala eTehuacán Valley, eTlaxcala naseCoahuila.
UChris Beekman ulinganisele ukwandiswa kwamakhilomitha angu-3.3 kule ndawo yize, esekelwa yizinhlobo zabantu bendawo, ubona ukuthi ibingafinyelela cishe ku-8 km. Umsele omkhulu oxhunywe nemithombo emithathu ehlukene yamanzi waholela epulazini elidala eLa Venta, lapho wadlala khona indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo ngenkathi eyomile, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukugcina amazinga amnandi wamanzi uma sibheka ukuthi indawo leyo inesibindi ngokwemvelo. Ngokombono wezomnotho, njengoba u-Weigand eqinisekisa, ngesikhathi sekoloniyali, ukumbiwa - lapho kwavela khona amathani ayi-160,000 omhlaba - kwakubaluleke ngaphezu kwakho konke.
Umsebenzi lapho singenelele khona emihumeni, izazi zokwakheka komhlaba kanye nabavubukuli e-elqanatde La Venta, ungaheha intshisekelo yezazi-mlando zendawo ukuqala inqubo egxile kokulondolozwa nasekuvikelweni kwalokho okuyingxenye yefa lomlando. Umthelela walowo msebenzi uzobe usho ukuthi ukunikeza abanye abantu ithuba lokuhamba kulezi zindawo futhi, phakathi nosuku, bamangale lapho imisebe yelanga yehla ngalezo zimbobo eziyindilinga ezakha izinsika ezinhle zegolide.
Umthombo: I-Mexico engaziwa engu-233 / Julayi 1996
