Njengabantu, iningi lokwakha lizwa ushintsho ezimpilweni zabo zonke, futhi ne-Antiguo Colegio de San Ildefonso nayo iyahlukile.
Njengabantu, iningi lokwakha lizwa ushintsho ezimpilweni zabo zonke, futhi ne-Antiguo Colegio de San Ildefonso nayo iyahlukile.
Impahla ibe nezinguquko ezinkulu, ngenxa yezibazi umlando oshiye kuyo futhi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okwehlukene okunikezwe yona: ukwakhiwa kwebhilidi elibheke eJusto Sierra ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka; ukufakwa kwemidwebo eqoshiwe nguJosé Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Fernando Leal, Jean Charlotte, Fermín Revueltas noRamón Alva de Ia Canal; ukuguqulwa kwamagumbi okuhlala kanye nezindawo eziphakeme zokulala, ukubekwa kwamasango ensimbi nokuqiniswa kokuzamazama komhlaba okuthinte umqondo wokuqala, amapavumente, uphahla lwangaphakathi nemininingwane yenkwali. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwezinye izimo kube yimpumelelo, kokunye kube kubi futhi kokuningi kungatholakali.
Umbandela wokubuyiselwa kwakungukukhulula isakhiwo kuzo zonke lezo zinto nokuguqulwa okulimele, kulungiswa okulungisekayo, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela impahla esimweni sayo sokuqala. Izinto ezintsha ziphathwe ngokuqonda, ngokuya ngamazinga wokwakha, ngamafuphi, ukukhombisa ubuciko bokwakha obunesithunzi esikhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuphika izibazi zomlando.
Inhloso enkulu eyayibekelwe iLegorreta Arquitectos kwakuwukuvumela iKolishi ukusebenza kahle njengeMyuziyamu yaseYunivesithi, isidingo esiyinhloko esaphakanyiswa yi-UNAM. INyuvesi yathatha isinqumo sokushiya isesimweni esikahle ukusetshenziswa obekuvele kune "patio encane" yalesi sakhiwo, lapho kuhlala khona umtapo wolwazi wamafilimu. Indawo eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-greenhouse, ebekwe ngenhla kwenkundla yemidlalo yaseSimón Bolívar, nayo ayizange ingenelelwe.
Ukuhlanganiswa komlando kokwakhiwa kwe-Old College yaseSan Ildefonso
Kusukela ngekhulu le-16th kuya kwishumi leminyaka lesibili le-19, isebenza njengeRoyal College yaseSan Ildefonso. Ngekhulu le-16 (Agasti 8, 1588) yavulwa njengesikole sokufundela ubuJesuit, kwathi kamuva (usuku alwaziwa) yasungulwa njengesijobelelo seKolishi lamaJesuit laseSan Pedro y San Pablo, ekhoneni elisenyakatho-mpumalanga yendawo yamanje.
Isebenza njengeRoyal College kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa kuze kube nguJuni 26, 1767, unyaka uCarlos III axosha ngawo amaJesuit. I-façade ye "patio encane" isukela ngonyaka we-1718, futhi ukuvulwa kabusha kwale nxanxathela kwenziwa ngo-1749, ngenkathi iSan Ildefonso ihlala abafundi abangama-300. Njengoba izidingo zesemina zikhula, iyanda iye ngasentshonalanga, ihlangane ne "patio encane" yasekuqaleni leyo "yabafundi" kanye "nothishanhloko".
Kusukela ngoDisemba 2, 1867, bekulokhu kuyikomkhulu leNational Preparatory School, kwathi ngo-1868 lalinabafundi abangama-900, abangu-200 babo bebeqeqeshwa.
Eminyakeni esukela ku-1907 kuya ku-1911, ukunwetshwa kweKolishi eningizimu (Justo Sierra street) kwenzeka, kwakhiwa inkundla yezemidlalo yaseBolívar kanye nephathiyo eseningizimu nentshonalanga ezindaweni zabo zokuzungeza, zezindawo zokuphatha nezokuphatha. Ngasempumalanga yaleli gceke, kwakhiwa indawo yokuzivocavoca embozwe kanye nedamu, nayo eyayakhelwe ukumbozwa, kepha asinayo imininingwane yokwazi ukuthi ngabe inguquko yayivumela yini ukuthi imbozwe noma cha. Ngaleso sikhathi, uphahla lwayo olunamapulangwe amaningi lwathathelwa indawo ngolunye olwenziwe ngensimbi nangamazenga amashidi.
Esinye isigaba sokwakha nokuzivumelanisa nezidingo zokuphatha yileso sango-1925-1930, okuyilapho ichibi nendawo yokuzivocavoca kwathathelwa indawo yiphathiyo elalifana nelangaphambilini.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwango-1957 kwenze kwadingeka ukuthi kususwe cishe lonke uphahla lwamapulangwe noma ama-ambulensi kanye namatheku amaningi, kulokhu ngophahla lukakhonkolo olwenziwe ngemishayo nangosilika. Lokhu kungenelela kunikeze ukumelana nempahla nokuqina kepha ukubukeka kwayo bekungahambisani nenkolo yamakholoni yekhulu le-18 noma ye-baroque, ikakhulukazi evela ngaphandle.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Old Colegio de San Ildefonso kuya kwi-University Museum
Ophahleni ukuqiniswa kwesakhiwo okwenziwe ekugcineni kweminyaka yamashumi amahlanu kwakufihliwe; Ukufakwa kukagesi nokukhanyisa kubuyekeziwe, emaphandeni nasemagumbini. Ngokunjalo, ukubukeka kwayo kwathuthukiswa, kwasinika isithombe siseduze nalokho okungaba okwangempela (uphahla).
Izitezi zazilinganiswe ngekhwalithi nokubukeka, kucatshangelwa ukuminyana kwezimoto nokukhululeka noma ubunzima bokugcinwa kwazo. Iphansi lakhiwa ngamajoyinti ambalwa, lijabulisa isivakashi futhi livumelana nokungajwayelekile kwempahla (izinyathelo, ukungalingani, imithambeka), okuthungwa kwayo kungancintisani nemisebenzi yobuciko noma nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo. Umbala wayo ukhonjwe yisikhathi se-baroque colonial yempahla futhi uyiqedele.
Inhloso yeminyango yengilazi enomoya omnene kwakungukukhulula imengamo kanye namafreyimu enkwali, kwehlukaniswe imipheme yamaphaseji bese kufakwa iminyango eyimbumbulu yezinkuni ngomunye okucaca kwawo obekuzothuthukisa futhi kuhloniphe umsebenzi wezinkwali. Amafasitela enziwe ngokhuni aklanyelwe ukugcwalisa amafreyimu enkwali futhi akhumbule uhlobo lwamasango leli bhilidi elalinalo.
Ekuvulekeni okuncane, i-aluminium efihlekile namabhodlela engilazi amathambo enza lula ukuhlanzwa kwesakhiwo futhi kwagcizelela ukubonakala kwaso.
Iminyango yayenziwe ngomsedari obomvu owenziwe ngamapulangwe, kukhumbula uhlobo lokuqala lweminyango.
Ukujwayelwa kweColegio de San Ildefonso kuya eMnyuziyamu yaseYunivesithi kwaba yinto ethokozisayo kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Kunzima ukwakha iqembu lochwepheshe abahlukahlukene abahlukahlukene njengalabo abathathe lo msebenzi. Abalandelayo babambe iqhaza: UMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezamasiko Nobuciko, ukhuthaza ukufezeka kwalo msebenzi ngombukiso “waseMexico, ubukhazikhazi bamakhulu eminyaka angama-30”; uMnyango we-D. F., ngezimali nokuxhumanisa imizamo yethimba lonke, kanye ne-UNAM, enikeze isakhiwo futhi yengamela inqubo yephrojekthi, umsebenzi nokusebenza kwawo njengemyuziyemu.
Umthombo: IMexico ngesikhathi esingu-4 Disemba 1994 - Januwari 1995
