Iphunga elikhulu lembali ye-chamomile, inhlanganisela yezinhlayiya zasendulo zemisedari, i-mesquite ne-juniper; Ukuhlonishwa okujulile kweNkosi yaseSanta Teresa, inganekwane enhle nomphakathi onesithunzi, owazalwa ngezimayini, ekwakheni nasekululeni.
Kusedolobheni laseSantuario Mapethé lapho othisha nabafundi beRestoration bathole isifanekiso esihle sokwenza umsebenzi wezemfundo wokuqeqesha, ukucwaninga, ukufaka isicelo nokubonisa, ngaphakathi kwezici ezahlukahlukene ezakha umsebenzi wokubuyisela umsebenzi wobuciko. Phakathi kwamagquma aseSan Juan, eLas Minas, e-El Señor nase-El Calvario, indawo engcwele ibekwa eNkosini yaseMapethé. Idolobha elikulo, elalibizwa ngeReal de Minas deI Plomo Pobre, litholakala ngomgwaqo omkhulu oya e-Ixmiquilpan, enyakatho yesihlalo sikamasipala saseCardonal, esifundazweni saseHidalgo. Ukubaluleka kwendawo engcwele esifundeni kuyaqondakala kuphela uma senza ukubuyekeza okujwayelekile kokuthi umlando waso ubuyini ngesikhathi. Lokhu kuzosibheka njengesibonelo sokuhlala unomphela kuze kube namuhla futhi kuzosivumela ukuthi siqonde umzamo womphakathi wamanje wokugcina isiko lawo lakudala lakomoya.
Indaba, ingxenye yenganekwane, iqala lapho abacebile baseSpain u-Alonso de Villaseca beletha eMbusweni waseCastile, cishe ngo-1545 cishe, ukudwetshwa kukaJesu Kristu Obethelwe owayiletha ethempelini eliphansi laseMapethé. Lokhu, njengoba kwakhiwa ngezinto ezibhubhayo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwehla ngokungenakulungiseka, okwadala ukubhujiswa kancane kancane. Ngo-1615, ngenxa yokubukeka kwawo okumnyama, oklebhukile nekhanda ngokulahlekile, uMbhishobhi Omkhulu uJuan Pérez de Ia Cerna wabona ukubhujiswa okuphelele kukaKristu kulula: umlilo ovuthayo noma ukungcwatshwa okubusisiwe akuzange kuthinte isithombe esingcwele.
Ngase-1621 kwavela isiphepho esifundeni esabhidliza uhhafu wophahla lwendlu yesonto; Ngesikhathi umphakathi uya kule ndawo uyobheka lo mcimbi, uthole ukuthi uKrestu untanta emoyeni futhi uzihlukanisile nesiphambano sakhe wabuyela "lapho" ukuzolungisa kuso. Imisindo yokukhala nokungajwayelekile yathi abantu abavela ethempelini elihlonishwayo. UMapethé wabhekana nesomiso esikhulu, okwenza ukufa kwezinkomo kanye nokulahleka kwamadlelo. Ummeli wale ndawo wabe esehlongoza ukuqhuba udwendwe lomkhuleko ngomfanekiso weNkosikazi Yethu, kepha omakhelwane bahalalisa ngazwi linye: "Cha, noKristu!" Owokuqala wenqaba, ephikisa ukubukeka okungahloniphekile, okumnyama nokucishe okungenakhanda kwesithombe, yize ekugcineni, ngokugcizelela, umpristi kwakumele asamukele isicelo. Isicelo senziwe ngezinyembezi eziningi nangokuzinikela: "Futhi ukuhlonishwa kungaphezu komsebenzi wezinto ezibonakalayo kuphela!"
Kuthiwa ngalo lolo suku isibhakabhaka savala futhi kweminye engu-17 imvula yehla cishe amaligi ama-2 azungeze iReal de Minas deI Plomo Pobre. Kwenzeka izimangaliso, futhi kwakungoLwesithathu, Meyi 19 walowo nyaka, lapho ngendlela engaqondakali uKristu avuselelwa amanzi ajulukayo negazi. Ebhekene nokungakholelwa kwakhe, umbhishobhi omkhulu wanquma ukuthumela isivakashi kanye nommeli olungisa izivumelwano, okwathi kamuva waqinisekisa iqiniso lokuguqulwa kukaNkulunkulu. Ngokubona ukuthi indawo lapho isithombe sisale khona ibinganele, i-viceroy yayalela ukuba siyiswe eMexico City.
Inganekwane ithi uKristu wayengafuni ukushiya iReal de Minas, ngoba ibhokisi lapho lalifakwe khona ukuze lidluliselwe kwaba nzima ukulayisha ngenxa yesisindo salo esikhulu. Umfundisi wabe esethembisa ukuthi uma isithombe singakhululeki esimeni saso, uKristu ngokwakhe uzosiveza futhi asibuyisele endlini yakhe engcwele. Yize kunjalo, abakwaMapetheco nabakwa-comarcanos baphikisana, kwathi ngemuva kwengxabano behlomile bakwazi ukumhlenga phakathi nohambo, bamyisa esigodlweni esiseduze saseSan Agustín e-Ixmiquilpan; lapho, ubaba wesifundazwe wanikela isivakashi kanye nommeli onikezwe lokho. Ekuhambeleni kwakhe eMexico, isithombe esingcwele sinikeze abantu izimangaliso ezingenakubalwa ngokudlula kwakhe. Ekugcineni isiphambano safakwa esigodlweni seSan José de Ias Carmelitas Descalzas, indawo lapho manje yaziwa khona ngokuthi yiNkosi Engcwele yeSanta Teresa. ESanctuary, lokho kuhlonishwa akuzange kuzamazame; Sasinjalo-ke isixuku esasifikile endaweni, ukuthi ngonyaka we-1728 isicelo senziwe, ngaphambi kommeli kaMarqués de Casafuerte, ukuthi kwakhiwe kabusha isonto elalonakele:
Leyo Ngcwele ifanele ukunakwa kakhulu. Kuyo kwalungiswa kabusha okwethusayo kukaKristu Ongcwele esihloniphayo namuhla esigodlweni seSanta Teresa. Ngakho-ke kufanele igcwale abantu, ukuze banakekele ithempeli futhi ukuze kube khona labo abakhonza indawo uNkulunkulu ahlinzekele ukuPhakanyiswa nguNkulunkulu ukuhlukanisa ngezimangaliso nezimangaliso eziningi kangaka.
AmaLasimiosnas kanye nokubandakanyeka ngokuzinikela kwalowo mphakathi othembise “[…] ngezindleko zawo, ukujuluka nokuzenzela umsebenzi, ukuhambela leli sonto ngoba yindawo lapho izimangaliso ezinhle kangaka zabonakala zisebenza khona” yikhona okwenze ukuthi i-Ia ikwazi ukwenzeka ukwakhiwa kwesonto esikwazisayo njengamanje.
Ikhophi kaKristu wokuqala wathunyelwa evela eMexico, okwakudingeka yenziwe ama-altare amahle ukuze ahambisane nokuzinikela okwase kungamakhulu eminyaka. Isidididi uDon Antonio Fuentes de León nguyena owanikela ngezindleko zokwakhiwa kwama-altare amahlanu angaphakathi ethempelini laseMapethé. Phakathi kweminyaka ka-1751 no-1778 lo msebenzi omkhulu wenziwa, owafakwa phakathi nesikhathi sobuciko seBaroque. Ehlathini eliqoshiwe nelisikiwe, enhlanganisweni yezithombe ezibaziweyo nasemikhondweni ependiwe singabona inkulumo ecacile yamaJesuit.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube manje, uhambo lwase-Otomi lokuhlonipha iNkosi yendawo engcwele yeMapethé lwenzeka ngesonto langoLwesihlanu lwesihlanu lweLente. Abahambeli abahambela indawo engcwele okokuqala ngqa baphelezelwa ngunogparents ukuthola imiqhele yezimbali, abayibeka emakhanda ezingane zabo ukuze bazethule kuKristu Ongcwele. Ngemuva kwalokho, zibekwa esiphambanweni e-atrium noma ziyiswe esiphambanweni seCerro DeI Calvario, ebizwa ngothando "El cielito." Ngolwandulela lwangoLwesihlanu lwesihlanu udwendwe lukaKrestu lwenziwa emigwaqweni emikhulu, ngama-wax avuthayo, ukuphakamisa imithandazo, izingoma, phakathi komculo, ukukhala kwezinsimbi nokuduma kwamarokhethi.
Ngokwesivumelwano phakathi kwamayordomías esifundeni, ngoLwesithathu olulandela uLwesihlanu wesihlanu isithombe "silandelwa" edolobheni laseCardonal, lapho lihlala khona amasonto amathathu, ukuze kwenziwe "ukulayishwa" okufanayo, kubheke indlu yakho engcwele. Ngemikhuleko, ngeminikelo yezimbali, nange-wax evuthayo, kuyacelwa ukwelashwa kwezifo kanye ne-bonanza yezolimo. Ekungeneni kwalawa madolobha womabili uKrestu uyatholakala, futhi wamukelwa yizintombi ze-Immaculate Conception eCardonal nangeNtombi eyiSoledad eSanctuary.
Ukufika eSanctuary
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwesikhathi esedlule nesikhathi esizayo - isiko elidala leminyaka abantu bendawo abahamba nalo-, idolobha laseSantuario Mapethé liyasamukela (othisha nabafundi beSikole Sokubuyiselwa) simagange ukuthi sazi umcebo waso ojulile. Sekungamashumi eminyaka manje, abakwa-Iugareños bezihlela baba ngamakomidi ahlukene ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa umphakathi; omunye wabo ubephethe ukubona konke okuphathelene nokunakekelwa okufanele kwesonto nemisebenzi engaphakathi. Lapho sifika, umkhandlu wakwamakhelwane uhlele konke okudingekayo lapho sihlala khona kanye nokuqaliswa komsebenzi wokubuyisela kwenye yezinsika ezinhlanu zama-altare esonto. Umbazi oyingcweti wendawo wakhe ipulatifomu eqinile lapho kuzofakwa khona iscaffold ngokobukhulu obungu -12 m ukuphakama ngamamitha ayi-7 ububanzi- kwensika ye-altare eshiwo ngenhla. UDona Trini, umpheki, usevele ulungiselele iqembu isidlo sasemini esimnandi, sebengamashumi amabili sebephelele. Abafundi baseMapethé kanye namavolontiya akha isakhiwo esinzima se-tubular, ngaphansi kweso lothisha. Uma sesisunguliwe, siyaqhubeka nokusabalalisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene: abanye bazokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokwakhiwa kwe-altarpiece, kusuka kusixazululo sayo sesakhiwo kuya ekwazisweni kwezendlalelo ezinhle zokuhlobisa; Abanye bazokwenza irekhodi elinemininingwane yezithombe, bobabili ubuchwepheshe bokuqala bokukhiqiza kanye nokuwohloka okuhlukahlukene okukhona emsebenzini, kanti bonke abanye bazohlola uqwembe, ngokwesimo salo sokulondolozwa, ukuthola nokuthola izimbangela zomonakalo okhona. bese nixoxa futhi niphakamise, ndawonye, izindlela zokwelashwa zokubuyiselwa okufanele zenziwe.
Siqala ukukhuphuka: labo abesaba ukuphakama, babelwe ukusebenza ku-predella nasemzimbeni wokuqala we-altarpiece; Iningi likhuphukela emzimbeni wesibili kanye nokuqeda, yebo, ngamabhande abo nezintambo zokuphepha zibekwe kahle. Ukungena ngemuva kwe-altarpiece-lapho uthuli lwamakhulu eminyaka lukumboza kusuka ekhanda kuye ozwaneni- kukuvumela ukuthi uthole imininingwane yokwakhiwa: bheka amasistimu okubopha, imihlangano, amafreyimu, ngamafuphi, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esenziwe ngokhuni. ukuxazulula isitayela esiyinkimbinkimbi sesitaki sebhasikidi.
Ngenkathi kwenziwa le-altare lophephela, ezinye izinto eziqoshiwe kanye nebrochisi lomdwebi, elalikhulelwe umhlophe waseSpain, lawela emuva, okwakusindisiwe manje ukuthi ligcinwe. Kwenziwa okufanayo ngamakhasi e-missal yangaleso sikhathi futhi kwaqoshwa imibhalo yenkolo yokuthi othile - mhlawumbe ozinikele - angenise ngaphakathi kwe-altarpiece.
Ngasohlangothini lwayo lwangaphandle kunemifanekiso eminingi eqoshiwe, ama-cornices aholele ekunyakazeni kwama-tectonic, amabhokisi angahlelwanga kahle nezakhiwo ezinama-moorings wesikhashana endaweni yazo yasekuqaleni. Ngokunjalo, sithola uphawu lokunyathelwa kwe-achuela oluchoboza izinkuni, i-gouge echaze ukubaza okuhle kakhulu, iscraper esilungiselele indawo ukuthola "imprimatura", umklamo osikiwe wokuchaza izinto ezingokomfanekiso. Ngalezi zinto singabona, noma sekunamakhulu eminyaka phakathi, ukuba khona kombazi kanye nomhlanganisi ozinikele "okhunini olumnyama"; wokubaza owadala "ukhuni olumhlophe"; we-incarnator, umdwebi kanye ne-estofador. Bonke, ngalezi zinsalela, bayasichazela ngokwenziwa kwabo. Ukubamba iqhaza ngokuhlanganyela kwabaculi abehlukene ukwenza i-altharchinti kuholele ekucabangeni ngesizathu sokuthi kungani lolu hlobo lomsebenzi lungasayiniwe. Okuwukuphela komthombo wokuchazwa kwawo njengeworkshop yizinkontileka ezitholakala ezinqolobaneni, kepha kuze kube manje lezo ezihambelana neSanctuary azikatholakali.
Osolwazi bezindawo zesayensi nezobuntu bakhombisa abafundi izinqubo zokwenza uphenyo lwabo olufanele. Okokuqala, amasampula amancane osekelo kanye ne-stratigraphy yezingqimba zokuhlobisa ziyiswa kamuva, elabhorethri, ziqhuba izifundo ukukhomba amasu nezinto zokwakha ezisetshenzisiwe. Ngokwakhe, uthisha wezomlando uhlinzeka ngohlu lwezincwadi ezidingekayo ukwenza ucwaningo lwesitayela nesitayela se-altarpiece.
Kusukela entathakusa kuzwakala ukukhonjwa komkhonto edolobheni; UCarlos noJosé bavuka ngo-6: 00 ekuseni baye esikhungweni sikaDon Bernabé, ngoba sidinga izipikili zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe ukuze kuqiniswe ukubophela odongeni. Abafundi nensimbi benza izipikha eziqinile ezidingekayo kuleli cala. UDon Bernabé, umongameli wekomidi, uhambela njalo ukuyobuka umsebenzi ku-altare.Abantu abaningi banelukuluku lokwazi abeza bezobuza ngomsebenzi wethu, futhi abanye babo, abanamakhono kakhulu, bajoyina, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kothisha , qala nabafundi inqubo ebucayi yokuhlanza igolide elinothile. I-infinity yamaqembu amancane wesendlalelo ahlanganisa izinkuni ezibaziweyo abangele "izikali" okumele zehliswe futhi zilungiswe ngamunye ngamunye ... Umsebenzi uhamba kancane, udinga ukunakekelwa ngokweqile nokunakekelwa. Wonke umuntu uyaqonda futhi uyaqonda ukuthi ukubuyisela umsebenzi kufaka ulwazi, ulwazi, ikhono nothando ngalokho okushiwo into. Umbazi wendawo usisiza ekwakheni ezinye izakhi zokhuni ukuze sithathe indawo yalezo esezivele zalahleka ku-altare; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sazisa umphakathi ngesidingo sokwakha ifenisha ehlala inani elikhulu lezinto, njengezicucu zezinto ezibaziweyo ezihambisana nezinye izingcezu ze-altare, izingcezu zabakhandi begolide, izindwangu zesonto, izakhiwo zamahhala nezinye izingcezu, manje sebephithizela ngokuphelele.
Ngasikhathi sinye, iqembu lihlelelwe ukwenza iqoqo lawo wonke umsebenzi osendaweni, njengesinyathelo sokuqala salokho okushiwo ukongiwa kokuvikela. Lapha, umphakathi ubamba iqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu. Usuku lwansuku zonke luphela, abafana baya endlini yaseDoña Trini bayoba nama-empanadas amnandi kanye ne-atole elilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile izinsuku zomkhuhlane omkhulu eSantuario. Umphakathi uhlinzekele ngokudla kanti amanye amakamelo akhunyulisiwe okwesikhashana ukuze abafundi bazijwayeze futhi bafunde, othisha bafundise futhi babonakalise. Ukuhlangana phakathi kweSikole nomphakathi kwenzeke; ukunikezwa nokwamukela nsuku zonke sekutholakele: I-altare, umsebenzi omuhle wobuciko, ubuyiselwe.
Isithombe senkolo siqhubeka kuwo wonke amakhulukhulu eminyaka: ofakazi baso yiminikelo yezikhiye zezinwele ezisikiwe, ama-wax avutha unomphela, "izimangaliso" ezingenakubalwa, iminikelo yokuvota, izithombe ezifiphele, imiqhele, ama-garlands nezimbali ezenziwe nge-chamomile flower. … Iphunga elingapheli le-Sanctuary. Yindlela engikhumbula ngayo iSanctuary; sibonga indaba yakho, sibonga umphakathi wakho.
Umthombo: IMexico ngesikhathi esingu-4 Disemba 1994-Januwari 1995
