Umphakathi wamaKoloni e-Oaxaca awuzange wehluke kuleyo yezinye izifunda ze-Viceroyalty; Kodwa-ke, yayinezici zayo, ngenxa yokwehluka ngokobuzwe nangokwezilimi okwakukuyila kusuka kwimvelaphi yayo.
Phakathi nekhulu le-16, imindeni yakudala yabomdabu yagcina ukubaluleka okuthile kwezomnotho nakwezenhlalo; kepha umqhele kancane kancane, wayevumela ukubusa kwakhe kuzwakale phezu kwamaqembu ahlukene ezenhlalo. Ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa neshumi nesishiyagalombili, udumo lwendabuko lwalubonakala kuphela emikhosini yenkolo, njengamanje, eyathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Eceleni kwabomdabu nabaseSpain, kwavela amaqembu ama-mestizo nama-criollos; futhi kuphela kwezinye izindawo ezisogwini abantu abanemibala bahlala. Kodwa-ke, inani labantu baseSpain - peninsular and Creole - lalingalokothi libe likhulu kakhulu esifundazweni; futhi cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi yayigxile enhlokodolobha nasemadolobheni amakhulu anjengeTehuantepec noma iVilla Alta.
Ukusebenzela abantu bomdabu okwakufanele bakwenzele iSonto, ama-encomenderos kanye noMqhele, kwakuyinto evamile kulo lonke ikhulu le-16. Kamuva, i-hacienda yaba yiyunithi yokukhiqiza nokuxhaphaza okwathi, kanye nomsebenzi wezimayini, kwaqinisa uhlelo lwezomnotho lwamakoloni. Abantu bomdabu babeyizisebenzi ezibaluleke kakhulu kuhulumeni, kuwo wonke lawo makhulu eminyaka.
Umnotho wase-Oaxacan, kusuka emsukeni wawo, wawususelwe ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba: ezolimo nezimayini, ikakhulukazi. Kusukela kowokuqala wale misebenzi, kufanelekile ukugqamisa ukutshalwa kokubomvu, ikakhulukazi endaweni yaseMixteca, kanye naleyo kasilika nokotini. I-cochineal (cocus cacti) yisinambuzane esine-hemiptere esihlala kuma-nopales (dactylinpius cacti), okuthi uma sehliswa saba yimpuphu, sikhiqize idayi ebomvu esetshenziselwa ukudaya izindwangu; Le tincture yaziswa kakhulu ekubuseni kweSpanishi.
Ukuxhashazwa kwezinsimbi kanye ne-cochineal (Nocheztli) kwaholela ekwakhiweni kweminye imisebenzi yezomnotho efana nezolimo nemfuyo, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke kwaholela ekuhwebeni okukhulu kwasendaweni kanye nokuhlangana kwamazwe. Imikhiqizo ye-Oaxaca (usawoti, izindwangu, isikhumba, indigo) ifike ePuebla, Mexico, Querétaro naseZacatecas. Ngokwemvelo, lowo mnotho wawubhekene nezimo ezishintshashintshayo, ezivezwa yizinhlekelele zemvelo - isomiso, izinhlupho, ukuzamazama komhlaba kanye nezikhukhula - nezinyathelo eziphoqelelwe ezibekwe yiziphathimandla ze-viceregal kanye neziphathimandla.
Umnotho wase-Oaxaca walekelelwa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ethile yokusetshenziswa kwasendaweni; ngokwesibonelo izinto zobumba, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni asezizigodini ezimaphakathi (i-Atzompa, iCoyotepec) nama-sarape woboya ezifundeni zaseTlaxiaco (Mixteca Alta) naseVilla Alta; leli hhovisi lokugcina linikeze igama idolobha: iSan Juan de la Lana. Ngaphandle kokuphathwa okuqinile kwezentengiselwano, imikhiqizo yaseYurophu, eNingizimu Melika nase-Asia nayo yafika e-Oaxaca ngamachweba aseHuatulco naseTehuantepec.
