Ukunambitheka kwethu okuyisaga kokugcina izinto ezingalibaleki noma ukubabaza izakhiwo ezindala kuhunyushelwa enkumbulweni lapho siveza amabinzana anjengokuthi “lokhu bekungenjalo”; noma "konke mayelana nale migwaqo kushintshile, ngaphandle kwalesi sakhiwo".
Lokhu kukhishwa kwenzeka kuwo wonke amadolobha ethu noma okungenani endaweni yalokho abahleli basemadolobheni abakubiza ngokuthi "isikhungo esinomlando", lapho inkumbulo iphinde ihambisane nokusindiswa nokongiwa kwezakhiwo.
Akungabazeki ukuthi imayelana nokulungisa izingxenye ezindala zamadolobha ukuze kube nezindlu, ezokuvakasha, ezemfundo, ezomnotho nezenhlalo. Ngokwalo mbono, eminyakeni yamuva nje isikhungo esingumlando saseMexico City besilokhu sinakwa yiziphathimandla zikahulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele.
Kubukeka kuyisimangaliso ukubona izakhiwo enhlokodolobha yezwe ezineminyaka engama-200 noma engama-300 ubudala, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngedolobha elihlaselwe ukuzamazama komhlaba, izibhelu, izikhukhula, izimpi zombango futhi ikakhulukazi ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhiwo zabahlali bakhona. Ngalo mqondo, idolobha elidala lenhlokodolobha yezwe ligcwalisa inhloso ephindwe kabili: liyisamukeli sezakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni waseMexico futhi ngasikhathi sinye isampula lokuguquka kwezindawo zasemadolobheni kuwo wonke amakhulukhulu eminyaka, kusukela ekushicilelweni ishiywe yiTenochtitlan enkulu kwaze kwaba sezakhi zakamuva zekhulu lama-XXI.
Kumjikelezo wayo kungenzeka ukubabaza ezinye izakhiwo eziye zahlala isikhathi eside futhi ezifeze umsebenzi othile emphakathini wesikhathi sabo. Kepha izikhungo zomlando, njengamadolobha ngokujwayelekile, azihlali unomphela: ziyizinto eziphilayo eziguqukayo njalo. Njengoba izakhiwo zakhiwa ngezinto zokwakha zesikhashana, iphrofayili yasemadolobheni iyashintsha njalo. Lokho esikubonayo ngamadolobha akufani nalokho okwabonwa izakhamuzi zawo eminyakeni eyikhulu noma engama-200 edlule. Yibuphi ubufakazi obusalayo bokuthi amadolobha ayenjani? Mhlawumbe izincwadi, izindaba zomlomo, futhi-ke nezithombe.
IMPENDULO YESIKHATHI
Kunzima ukucabanga "ngesikhungo esinomlando" esilondolozwe kumqondo waso "wokuqala!", Ngoba isikhathi siphethe ukusakheka: izakhiwo ziyakhiwa nezinye eziningi ziyawa; Eminye imigwaqo ivaliwe eminye iyavulwa. Manje yini "eyangempela"? Esikhundleni salokho, sithola izikhala ezisetshenziswe kabusha; izakhiwo zibhidlikile, ezinye zisakhiwa, imigwaqo enwetshiwe kanye nokuguqulwa okungapheli kwemvelo yasemadolobheni. Isampula yezithombe ezivela ngekhulu le-19 lezikhala ezithile eMexico City zingasinika umbono wokushintshwa kwedolobha. Yize lezi zingosi zikhona namuhla, inhloso yazo ishintshile noma ukuhlelwa kwazo kwendawo kushintshiwe.
Esithombeni sokuqala sibona umgwaqo wakudala u-5 de Mayo, othathwe embhoshongweni osentshonalanga weMetropolitan Cathedral. Kulo mbono ngasentshonalanga, i-Main Theatre endala iyagqama, eyake yabizwa ngeSanta Anna Theatre, yadilizwa phakathi kuka-1900 no-1905 ukunweba umgwaqo uye esigodlweni samanje se-Palace of Fine Arts. Izithombe zimisa isikhashana ngaphambi kuka-1900, lapho le theatre yayisebenza emgwaqeni. Ngakwesobunxele ungabona iCasa Profesa, isenemibhoshongo yayo futhi ngemuva kunegatsha le-Alameda Central.
Okuthakazelisa ngalo mbono mhlawumbe ukukhathazeka okuvusa umuntu obukayo. Kulezi zinsuku, ngesamba esincane kungenzeka ukukhuphuka emibhoshongweni yesonto lombhishobhi ubabaze le ndawo efanayo, yize ukwakheka kwayo kushintshiwe. Kungumbono ofanayo, kepha ngezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, nayi indida engokoqobo ngereferensi yayo yezithombe.
Enye indawo esikhungweni esinomlando yisigodlo esidala saseSan Francisco, okuhlala kuso i-chink eyodwa noma enye. Ngaphambili sinesakhiwo se-Balvanera chapel, esibheke enyakatho, okungukuthi, sibheke emgwaqweni uMadero. Lesi sithombe singabhalwa cishe ngonyaka we-1860, noma mhlawumbe ngaphambili, njengoba sikhombisa ngokuningiliziwe imidwebo ephakeme yaseBaroque eyacwiywa kamuva. Kuyafana nesithombe esedlule. Isikhala sisekhona, yize silungisiwe.
Ngenxa yokushaqwa kwempahla yezenkolo ngawo-1860s, isigodlo saseFranciscan sathengiswa ngezingxenye futhi ithempeli elikhulu latholwa yi-Episcopal Church of Mexico. Ngasekupheleni kwalelo khulu leminyaka, indawo yatholwa iSonto LamaKatolika futhi yavuselelwa ukuze ibuyele enjongweni yayo yasekuqaleni. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi indawo enkulu yokugcina izindlu yesigodlo sangaphambili esifanayo isagcinwe isesimweni esihle futhi iyikhaya lethempeli lamaWeseli, manje elitholakala eCalle de Ghent. Le ndawo yatholakala ngo-1873 yile nhlangano yenkolo yamaProthestani.
Ekugcineni, sinokwakhiwa kwesigodlo esidala saseSan Agustín. Ngokuhambisana nemithetho Yezinguquko, ithempeli lika-Augustinian lanikezelwa enjongweni yomphakathi, kulokhu okungaba yinqolobane yezincwadi. Ngomyalelo kaBenito Juárez ngo-1867, isakhiwo senkolo sasetshenziswa njengeLabhulali Kazwelonke, kepha ukulungiswa nokuhlelwa kweqoqo kwathatha isikhathi, ngendlela yokuthi umtapo wolwazi wavulwa kuze kube ngu-1884. Ngenxa yalokhu, kudilizwe imibhoshongo yalo nengxenye eseceleni; futhi ingaphambili le-Order yesiThathu lalimbozwe nge-façade ehambisana nokwakhiwa kwe-Porfirian. Le façade yama-baroque ihlala isakhiwe ngezitini kuze kube manje. Isithombe esisibonayo sisalokhu sigcina ikhava eseceleni engeke isabatshazwa namuhla. Isigodlo seSan Agustín sagqama ngokubuka okuhle kwedolobha, ngaseningizimu, njengoba kungabonakala esithombeni. Lo mbono othathwe ethempelini elikhulu ukhombisa ukwakheka okungekho, njengalokho okubizwa ngePortal de las Flores, eningizimu ye-zócalo.
Ukungabikho nokungaguquguquki
Izithombe zala mabhilidi nemigwaqo zisitshelani, ngalokhu kungabikho kanye nezinguquko ekusetshenzisweni kwazo emphakathini? Ngomqondo owodwa, ezinye izikhala ezikhonjisiwe azisekho ngokoqobo, kepha ngomunye umqondo, lezi zikhala ezifanayo zihlala esithombeni ngakho-ke zisenkumbulweni yedolobha.
Kukhona nezikhala eziguquliwe, njengePlaza de Santo Domingo, umthombo waseSalto del Agua noma i-Avenida Juárez ekuphakameni kwesonto laseCorpus Christi.
Ubuningi bezithombe ngaleso sikhathi bukhomba ukwabiwa kwenkumbulo okuthi, yize ingeyona ingxenye yeqiniso lethu, ikhona. Izindawo ezingekho zikhanyisiwe emfanekisweni, njengalapho ekupheleni kohambo sibala izindawo ezihanjiwe. Kulokhu, isithombe sisebenza njengewindi lememori.
