Inyoka enesikali semifino ihamba nathi. Yilawa magquma abonakala edla umgwaqo: ukuqhuma kwawo okungadonswa kudonswa esibhakabhakeni esingenafu futhi ilanga lishisa amasimu omoba afinyelela onyaweni lwezintaba ngamagagasi aluhlaza.
Lo mgwaqo wobhuqu lapho umvubukuli uFernando Miranda, ovela e-INAH Regional Center yaseVeracruz, asiholela kwenye yezindawo ezingcwele zamaTotonacs.
Ukumamatheka kwezithombe zobumba, iningi lazo eliphume phansi kule ndawo, kubukeka kukhombisa ukuthokoza komhlaba. Ukunanela kwawo kubonakala phakathi kwesiphepho somoya oshisayo, futhi kusitshela ukuthi abantu ababehlala ezigodini esasiwele kufanele babe nokushoda okumbalwa: ngenxa yalesi sizathu izinsalela zibonisa ubuso obulahlekelwe yinoma yibuphi futhi obuyisithombe samadoda ajabule njalo, ngubani ngokuqinisekile ingoma nomdanso ohambisana ngaso sonke isikhathi. Sisesigodini sase-Atoyac, eduze kwedolobha elinegama elifanayo esifundeni saseVeracruz.
Iloli liyama bese uFernando usikhombisa indlela eya emfuleni. Kumele siwele. Silandela isazi semivubukulo, esike senza ukumbiwa okuningana kule ndawo, sifika kugodo olusetshenziswa njengebhuloho. Uma sikubheka, singabaza ikhono lethu lokulinganisela endaweni encane nengalingani. Futhi akusikho ukuthi ukuwa bekuyingozi, kepha ukuthi kusho ukuthi kuzomiswa ngayo yonke into nangemishini yezithombe, echibini elinokujula okungaqinisekile. Umqondisi wethu uyasiqinisekisa njengoba ethatha indawo ende ohlangothini, elufaka emanzini futhi, encike kulelo gatsha - okuyisimo esiyingozi sesitimela - asibonise indlela ephephile yokuwela. Igebe ngakolunye uhlangothi lingena ekuqabukeni kwamasimu ekhofi ahlala enethunzi, ahlukile elangeni elishisa bhe lamasimu kamoba aseduze. Ngokushesha safika osebeni lomfula olunemisinga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eyehla phakathi kwezingodo, iminduze namatshe acijile. Ngaphandle, amagquma eketanga eliphansi ayabonakala futhi, ememezela ukuphakama okukhulu kohlelo lwezintaba maphakathi neMexico.
Ekugcineni sifinyelela lapho siphokophele khona. Lokho okwethulwe phambi kwamehlo ethu kudlule izincazelo ebezenziwe ngale ndawo egcwele imilingo. Ngokwengxenye kungikhumbuze ama-cenotes aseYucatan; kodwa-ke, kukhona okwakwenza kwehluka. Kimi bekubonakala kungumfanekiso weTlalocan futhi kusukela lapho angingabazi ukuthi indawo efana nale iyona eyakhuthaza imibono yangaphambi kweSpanishi yohlobo lwepharadesi lapho amanzi aphuma khona emathunjini amagquma. Lapho ingozi ngayinye, isici ngasinye semvelo sathola ubukhulu obungaphezulu. Izakhiwo ezinjengalezi ngokuqinisekile zathola ukuguqulwa kwengqondo engqondweni yomuntu ukuba abe amasayithi angaphandle komhlaba: ukukubeka emazwini kababa ohlakaniphile uJosé Ma. Izimbali zime zinde, lapho iminduze eyigugu iqhakaza khona. Lapho ingoma iculwa phakathi kobulembu basemanzini futhi ama-trill amaningi enza umculo udlidlizele ezimpapheni eziluhlaza zamanzi, phakathi nokundiza kwezimvemvane ezi-iridescent.
Amavesi nemibono yeNahua ngepharadesi iyahlanganiswa, emthonjeni woMfula i-Atoyac, ngokutholwa kwemivubukulo. Eminyakeni ethile eyedlule, uthisha uFrancisco Beverido, wase-Institute of Anthropology waseVeracruzana University, wangitshela ukuthi ukuqondise kanjani ukutakulwa kwejoka lamatshe elibalulekile eliqoshwe kahle ukuthi namuhla liseduze lapho, eMnyuziyamu wedolobha lase ICórdoba, indawo okufanele uyivakashele. Ijoka laliphonswa njengomhlatshelo konkulunkulu bamanzi ngabantu ababehlala ezindaweni ezizungezile. Umcimbi ofanayo ububanjelwe emaphethelweni aseYucatecan, emachibini aseNevado de Toluca nakwezinye izindawo lapho kwakukhonzwa khona onkulunkulu ababaluleke kunabo bonke onkulunkulu baseMesoamerican. Singacabanga abapristi kanye nongqongqoshe osebeni lwechibi ngesikhathi lapho, phakathi kwemiqulu yamakhophi yempepho, bephonsa iminikelo ebalulekile emanzini ngenkathi becela onkulunkulu bezimila unyaka omuhle wezitshalo.
Asizange simelane nesilingo sagxumela emanzini. Umbono woketshezi olubandayo, izinga lokushisa lalo cishe lingu-10ºC, lwagcizelelwa ngenxa yokushisa okucindezelayo okwakusenze sajuluka yonke indlela. Isiziba kufanele sibe cishe nge-8m ukujula engxenyeni ejulile futhi ukubonakala akufiki ngaphezu kwe-2m, ngenxa yezinsimbi ezithwalwa ngamanzi kusuka ngaphakathi egqumeni. Umsele ongaphansi kwamanzi ogeleza kuwo ufana nemihlathi emikhulu kakhulu. Kungumfanekiso ofanayo we-Altépetl yama-codices, lapho umfudlana ugeleza usuka ezansi kwesibalo segquma udabula uhlobo lomlomo. Kufana nemihlathi yeTlaloc, unkulunkulu womhlaba namanzi, enye yezinombolo ezibaluleke kakhulu nezasendulo eMesoamerica. Ifana nemilomo yalo nkulunkulu, ekhipha uketshezi olunembile. UCaso usitshela ukuthi "yiyona eyenza ihlumela" okungaphezu kokusobala emithonjeni ye-Atoyac. Ukuba kule ndawo kufana nokuya emsukeni wezinganekwane, umbono wezwe kanye nenkolo yangaphambi kweSpanishi.
Lesi sifunda, kufanele sikhunjulwe, sasihlala isiko elimele kakhulu uGu lwaseMexico ngesikhathi esijwayelekile. Ulimi abakhuluma ngalo ngaleso sikhathi alwaziwa, kepha ngokungangabazeki babehlobene nabakhi base-El Tajín. AmaTotonac kubonakala ukuthi afike kule ndawo ngasekupheleni kweClassic nasekuqaleni kwePost-Classic. Phakathi kwamabhishi eGulf of Mexico nasezintabeni zokuqala zeTransversal Volcanic Axis, indawo iyaqhubeka lapho ingcebo yayo yemvelo ihehe umuntu selokhu ezwe okokuqala esikwaziyo namuhla njengendawo yaseMexico. Ama-Aztec abiza iTotonacapan: umhlaba wesondlo sethu, okungukuthi, indawo lapho ukudla kukhona khona. Lapho kuphakama indlala e-Altiplano, amabutho eMoctecuhzoma el Huehue akazange anqikaze ukunqoba la mazwe; lokhu kwenzeka maphakathi nekhulu le-15. Le ndawo bese izosala ingaphansi kwenhloko yeCuauhtocho, indawo eseduze, futhi nasemabhange e-Atoyac, asagcina umbhoshongo - inqaba ebusa umfula.
Yindawo lapho umbala nokukhanya kugcwalisa khona izinzwa, kepha futhi, lapho inyakatho ishaya ugu lweGulf of Mexico, yi-Atlayahuican, isifunda semvula nenkungu.
Kuphela ngalomswakama ovimba asebekhulile, lapho i-panorama ingagcinwa iluhlaza njalo. Ama-Atoyac aqhamuka ebumnyameni bemihume, evela ngaphakathi emathunjini egquma. Amanzi avela futhi umsinga onamandla uyaqhubeka, njengenyoka eluhlaza, kwesinye isikhathi phakathi kwe-rapids enobudlova, ibheke eCotaxtla, umfula obanzi futhi ozolile. Ikhilomitha elilodwa ngaphambi kokufika ogwini, lizojoyina iJamapa, kumasipala waseBoca del Río, eVeracruz. Ukusuka lapho bobabili bayaqhubeka nomlomo wabo eChalchiuhcuecan, ulwandle lomngane kaTláloc, unkulunkulukazi wamanzi. Kusihlwa kwakusihlwa lapho sinquma ukuthatha umhlalaphansi. Siphinde futhi sibheke imithambeka yamagquma agcwele izimila zasendaweni eshisayo. Kuzo izimpilo zokuphila zinjengosuku lokuqala lomhlaba.
Umthombo: IMexico engaziwa engu-227 / Januwari 1996
