Isimo saseGuerrero sigcina endaweni yaso ubuningi bezimangaliso ezintekenteke ngaphansi komhlaba, noma kunjalo, okuncane okwaziwayo.
Isimo saseGuerrero sigcina endaweni yaso ubuningi bezimangaliso ezintekenteke ngaphansi komhlaba, noma kunjalo, okuncane okwaziwayo.
Ngenxa yokuhlangana kwayo kokuma komhlaba kanye ne-orography eqinile, umkhiqizo wengcindezi enkulu nokwethulwa kweCocos Plate ngaphansi kwezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-90 - eyaqala amafolda amakhulu nokuphakama okwakhiwa imicu yezilwane zasolwandle ezicebile nge-carbonate we-calcium-, isimo saseGuerrero sigcina kuleli bhokisi elikhulu lamatshe ayigugu le-limestone elingu-64,281 km2 lendawo, okungapheli kwezimangaliso ezintekenteke ezingaphansi komhlaba ngendlela yemihume, imihosha nemifula okwakungaziwa kangako.
Iningi lezivakashi ezingezona ezikhethekile zizilinganisele eCacahuamilpa Grotto edumile, eyenzelwe ezokuvakasha, enendawo enkulu yegalari eyi-1,300 m, ehlotshiswe ngezindlela eziningi ze-stalagmitic; emifuleni engaphansi komhlaba
ISan Jerónimo (5,600 m ubude) neChontacoatlán (5,800 m), etholakala ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-100 zibheke phezulu ngaphansi kweCacahuamilpa Grotto, inqume ingxenye ethile yaba ingxenye yeketanga le-limestone elenziwe ngamagquma iTepozonal neJumil; kanye neGrutas de Juxtlahuaca enhle, eseduze neChilpancingo, nayo ehlonyiselwe ezokuvakasha.
Kodwa-ke, yisifunda saseGuerrero esaziwa ngokuthi yiSierras del Norte, esakhelene nezifundazwe zaseMexico naseMorelos, esidonse ukunakekelwa okukhulu ngabahloli bamazwe kanye nezazi zokuphanga isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu, nalapho kubhalwe khona izimbotshana eziningi.
Esinye sazo, esiseduze kwedolobha i-El Gavilán, umasipala weTaxco de Alarcón, nesisetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi njengesikole semigodi eminingi eSigodini SaseMexico, ngokudabukisayo singesinye sezimangaliso okuncane okulotshwe ngakho.
UMLANDO WENDAWO
KwakunguMnu. Jorge Ibarra, ovela esigabeni se-Andean Club of Chile-Mexico Section, owathi ngoDisemba 20, 1975 wakhombisa lo mgodi kuMnu José Montiel, ilungu lenhlangano eyisisekelo iDraco. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-siphon encane etholakala ku-800 m ukusuka emnyango yayibhekwa njengokuphela kwendlela, evumela ukubuka isikhala somoya esinciphile; Kodwa-ke, isifiso sokuhlola nokusesha ngaphezu kwalokhu kwabanye sibonakala siphela, futhi obekungukhiye ekutholakaleni okukhulu kwethambo, kwavumela uMnu José Montiel ukuba anqobe lesi sithiyo sokuqala.
Ukuhlola lendawo encishisiwe ngaphambili, nangemuva kwemizamo eminingana yokuqhubekela phambili emgodini ogcwele amanzi futhi hhayi nokukhuza okumbalwa kwabangane bakhe abakhathazekile, uMontiel ukwazile ukudlulisa isithiyo, asibhabhadisa njenge- “Crocodile Pass”, kusukela lapho ewela kuso kwadingeka azisuse Isigqoko sokuzivikela, futhi ikhanda lakhe ligobekile phakathi kwezakhiwo zegumbi, ebambe umoya futhi ezama ukungahambisi amanzi kakhulu, ngoba izinga lawo lalilingana nelihlo, wakwazi ukudlula ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Njengoba abalingani bakhe babengeke bakwenze, kwakudingeka bambe, ngosizo lwamatshe athile, kuze kube yilapho bekwazi ukwehlisa izinga phansi futhi ngaleyo ndlela bakwazi ukuhlangana naye, ekugcineni bathole uchungechunge lwama-meanders amahle, angahloliwe kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ngamachibi amanzi okusobala, phakathi kwezindonga ezingenacala zelimestone elimhlophe nelimnyama lapho lalithuthuke khona, ngaphandle kokumelana nokuheha kwespelunca somlingo nesingaziwa.
Ngemuva kokunqoba lesi sinyathelo esibalulekile, ukungena kweqembu laseDraco kuyaqhubeka njalo, futhi kusehambweni lesishiyagalolunye, ngoDisemba 28, 1976, lapho abantu abathathu befika kusiphon-laminator ezansi kweLa Joya. Abantu abaningi bangene kulo msele (obizwa kanjalo ngoba uthatha amanzi amaningi, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukuvakashelwa ngenkathi yemvula); amanye amamitha ambalwa nje, amanye ehle isibhamu esisodwa noma ngaphezulu, kanti abambalwa bakwazile ukufinyelela ezansi, kepha akekho umuntu ongena emagatsheni abo "Ingalo yewindi" kanye "Nengalo yezinsizwa", evela igatsha eliyinhloko futhi elibonakala kakhulu.
Ukuhlolisiswa kwala magatsha wesibili, anezindinyana ezincane, lapho umhloli wamazwe kufanele aqede izithiyo ezinamadwala, agcobe ubuso phakathi kophahla naphansi okugcwale ngokuphelele, kukhasa ngobunzima ukuze akwazi ukudlula phakathi kwamanzi, isihlabathi namatshe isikhala se-claustrophobic, siyibhuleki yemvelo kulabo abangenawo amalungiselelo anele, kepha ngokubuyisela kunikeza ukwakheka okuthembakalayo nokuhle; yingakho igama layo elifanele.
Ithuba lokuthi le ngxenyana isinikeza ukuthola izindima ezintsha alinakuqhathaniswa, ngoba yize isikhathi esidlulile futhi sivakashelwa amaqembu amaningi, kusenokwenzeka ukuhlola - ngomqondo oqinile wegama - futhi uthole ukwaneliseka okuningi noma okuningi njengalabo abathole ulwazi abahloli bayo bokuqala cishe eminyakeni engama-25 edlule.
INCAZELO
Umsele weLa Joya unemizila engama-2,960 m egatsheni lawo eliyinhloko, kanye no-3,400 m uma kufakwe i- "The arm arm", efinyelela ukwehla, okungukuthi, ukujula kwamamitha angama-234.71.
Ukungena kwayo kutholakala cishe emamitheni angama-900 eningizimu-ntshonalanga yedolobha lase-El Gavilán, ezansi kwegquma. Ukulandela umbhede omncane owomile, umnyango omkhulu uyaqagelwa lapho usondela, kepha awukho, ngoba umayelana nokungena okuncane okubangelwa ukuguguleka komhlaba. Okunye kwalokhu okufinyelelwayo, okusetshenziswa kakhulu, kungukuqhekeka okusalungiswa ngo-5 m; yize kukhona abanye odongeni olungakwesokudla lapho ungagibela khona, kepha lapho umbhede womfudlana uyachitheka.
Ukwehla lokhu kufinyelela udlula ephaseji elifushane futhi eliqinile eliholela endaweni eyodwa engama-30 m ubude nge-18 m ububanzi, lapho ukukhanya kwemini kuhlunga ngamabhulokhi awele emnyango. Lapho-ke iphasishi liyancipha futhi sifika endaweni lapho senyuka khona kancane, ukuthola umdwebo wamakhethini ayi-15 m, lapho intambo iboshelwe ekwakhekeni kwemvelo ohlangothini lwesokunene namamitha ambalwa ukusuka kuyo. Uhla unesibuko samanzi ngemuva; Kuyichibi elisegumbini elincane futhi elihle elingamamitha ayi-7 ububanzi; Yilapho ingxenye esebenzayo iqala khona. Cishe ngama-25 m phambili nangakwesobunxele kukhona "Ingalo yama-gours" (ukwakheka kwe-limestone ngendlela yamachibi anyathelwe), futhi ukuhamba ibangana, indawo enhle yokukhempa. Amamitha ayi-20 ukusuka lapho i-vault icishe ihlangane phansi, kwakheka lokho okubizwa nge- "laminator", i-160 m ukusuka ekungeneni.
Ukudlulisa umshini wokugaya futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa i-vault ikhuphukela ku-10 m ukuphakama. Siqhubeka nomzila omuhle wamamitha angama-200 ukufinyelela endaweni yokuwa, ezungezwe udonga lwawo langakwesokudla, olubizwa nge- "Paso de la slidilla", okungeyona nje into eyehla ngomshini. Cishe ku-130 m kusuka emachibini amancane sithola i- "Turtle Pass", okuyisinyathelo sokuqala "kuzo zonke izinyawo ezine" lapho isifuba simanzi khona noma kukhethwe ukuthi kudlule i- "Tubo del fakir", enye indlela enamachaphazelo anama-stalactites nama-stalagmites amancane, ngemuva kwamamitha ayi-100, finyelela isibhamu sesithathu, esibizwa nge- "The backpack", samamitha ayi-11.
Okuqhubekayo kuhle impela: iqoqo lezinto ezishaqisayo ekujikeni ngakunye, echibini ngemuva kwechibi kanye nokukhuphuka kukhuphuke ngemuva kokukhuphuka, ukwehla ngomsele wesine wamamitha ayi-10 owaziwa nge- “La poza”, kulandela umzila kumzila omazombezombe ogcwele umnandi ukwakheka okusiholela ku- "Crocodile Pass", ubude obuyi-7 m.
Ama-meanders aqhubeka nokuvusa intshisekelo yesivakashi ukuze athuthuke; Ngakwesokudla kukhona "Ingalo yewindi" bese kuba nesibhamu esingu-11 m esaziwa ngokuthi "Iwindi", futhi ngokushesha kukhona indawo enkulu kunazo zonke futhi emangalisa kakhulu yomgodi, owehlela kuwo ngaphansi komoya wempophoma.
Iphaseji enkulu iyaqhubeka ngamamitha angama-900 phakathi kwezindonga ezibazwe kahle nezinye zehliswa kuze kufike phansi phansi komsele. Uhambo lweLa Joya lwenziwa ngokwesilinganiso samahora angama-25 yiqembu labantu abaphakathi kwabahlanu kuya kwabayishumi, bonke benemishini nokuqeqeshwa okwanele.
Ngaphezu kweLa Joya, kunezinye izimbotshana ze-morphology efanayo kule ndawo, enenombolo enkulu yemigodi emincane nemipheme engaphansi evundlile elandela izindiza ze-stratification. Lawa yi-resumideros de Zacatecolotla (1,600 m ubude), iGavilanes (1,100 m) ne-Izonte (1,650 m). Amanzi okuqala amabili aya empumalanga, ukuphinda avele emhumeni waseLas Granadas; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Izote ikwenza ibheke ngasenyakatho, ukuphuma emhumeni waseLas Pozas Azules (1400 m). Lokhu kukhombisa ubukhona beshedi yamanzi engaphansi komhlaba engahambisani nendawo enamanzi angaphezulu.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ngaphambi kokungena emgodini ongahlonyelwe ezokuvakasha, kulula ukuthola ulwazi nokusebenza enhlanganweni ehloniphekile ye-speleological, ngoba abafundisi mbumbulu baningi, izimboni ezingaba yingozi ezinganaki izimiso zokuziphatha nokuphepha.
IMINININGWANE YOKUPHAKATHI
Idamu laseLa Joya lisematsheni amatshe okwakhiwa kweMorelos yobudala be-Albiano-Cenomaniana, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,730 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Itholakala ebalazweni lesimo sendawo se-inegi 1:50 000 "Taxco" ezindaweni ezixhumanisa i-18 ° 35'50 '' latitude enyakatho ne-99 ° 33'38 '' longitude.
Umswakama uphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ugqoke i-3/4 neoprene, i-polypropylene noma izingubo ze-polartec ngaphansi kwama-ovaloli ukuze uhambe kahle. Amahange okufakelwa ajwayelekile nemilimitha. Njengoba ukwehla kukwanda, kuyalulekwa ukuphatha amanye amabhawodi nezintambo ezimfushane.
UMA UYA ESIFINGQWINI SE-JOYA
Ingafinyelelwa ngezindlela ezimbili; owokuqala uthatha umgwaqo omkhulu cha. 95, kusuka ePuente de Ixtla (Morelos) kuya eTaxco, futhi cishe ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-49 thatha ukuchezuka kwesokudla ekuhlanganeni okuthatha umgwaqo omkhulu wesifundazwe no. Ama-95 aholela eCacahuamilpa Grottoes. Cishe ngamakhilomitha ayi-8 kunesibonakaliso ngakwesobunxele esithi Parada El Gavilán, lapho uzothola khona izindlu. Cela uNkk. Olivia López, ongakulungisela ukudla okumnandi futhi okungabizi kakhulu, noma uNkk. Francisca, ongabhalisa naye ukuze akwazi ukulawula noma yimuphi umcimbi ongalindelekile; futhi, bazokwazisa ukuthi ungafika kanjani edreyini.
Owesibili wumgwaqo omkhulu wesifundazwe no. 95, efika eCacahuamilpa futhi aqhubekele eTaxco. Imizuzu eyi-10 ukusuka edolobheni lase-Acuitlapan uzothola uphawu, kodwa ngakwesokudla.
Uma uhamba ngebhasi, yiyise kwaTaxco bese ucela umshayeli ukuthi akushiye esikebheni somkhumbi, uma uhamba ngomgwaqo omkhulu.
