Imigede eminingi, imigede kanye nama-grottos eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeTamaulipas kuyaziwa ngokunotha okukhulu nokwehluka kwezilwane zazo, ngaphezu kokuba nenani elikhulu le-anthropological and archaeological, njengoba eminye iqukethe izinsalela ezibalulekile zabantu basendulo ababehlala esifundeni.
Imigede eminingi, imigede kanye nama-grottos eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeTamaulipas kuyaziwa ngokunotha okukhulu nokwehluka kwezilwane zazo, kanye nokuba nenani elikhulu le-anthropological kanye ne-archaeological, njengoba eminye iqukethe izinsalela ezibalulekile zabantu basendulo ababehlala esifundeni.
UMGODI KA-ABRA NE-GRUTA DE QUINTERO
Lezi zimbobo ezimbili zeSierra del Abra noma iCucharas ngokungangabazeki ziyaziwa kakhulu futhi zivakashelwa kakhulu komasipala base-Antiguo Morelos nase-El Mante ngenxa yokusondela kwabo ezindlwini zikamasipala nokutholakala kwabo kalula. Ukutholakala kwala mazwe womabili kuvunyelwe, eminyakeni eminingana edlule, imisebenzi yezimayini ukukhipha i-guano ne-phosphorite, ngakho-ke izimo zabo zangempela zaguqulwa. Ukuguqulwa kubaluleke kakhulu futhi akunakulungiseka eGruta de Quintero, lapho ukwakheka okuningi kwe-limestone konakaliswe imishini esetshenzisiwe.
Kuzo zombili izimbotshana, izivakashi zilimaza imihume ngokukhipha izingcezu zama-stalactites nama-stalagmites njengezikhumbuzo futhi ngokushiya irekhodi lokuvakasha kwabo ezindongeni, zichithe ngemizuzwana embalwa lokho okwemvelo okuthathe izinkulungwane zeminyaka ukuqopha. Kodwa-ke, iCueva del Abra iyamangalisa ngenxa yobukhulu bayo. Ekupheleni kwendledlana enkulu yokungena engamamitha ayi-180 ubude, isibani esibhakabhakeni esingokwemvelo esasibekelwe eceleni u-116 m wehliswa kancane, ngokokuqala ngqa, ngemihume yaseSan Antonio, eTexas, ngo-1956. EQuintero Gruta, 500 m wokudlula komhlaba futhi ubone izilwane ezinhle kakhulu ezihlala kuwo. Kuthi kusihlwa, kutholakale izinkulungwane zamalulwane athanda izinambuzane (iTadarida brasiliensis mexicana noma i-Mexico coludo bat) ebonakala iphuma ukuzodla endaweni ezungezile.
UMgede WOKUZALWA
Indawo yezokuvakasha ngokwenza kahle kukamasipala wase-El Mante yi-El Nacimiento, enendawo yemvelo ehlaba umxhwele lapho umfula iMante ugeleza usuka emhumeni osezansi kwedwala elinamadwala phansi kweSierra del Abra. Umgede Wokuzalwa, ongomunye wemihume ejulile enezikhukhula emhlabeni, waziwa umhlaba wonke ngenxa kaSheck Exley, owaphula amarekhodi amabili okudilika ekujuleni okukhulu lapho ngo-1989 ehlela emhumeni. Amanzi aqhamuka kulo mthombo angumthombo wokuphakelwa kokusetshenziswa kwezakhamizi zaseCiudad Mante nokunisela izinkambu zomoba ezondla imboni kashukela yendawo.
EMINYE IMIQONDO ESIERRA DE CUCHARAS
Ezinye izimbotshana ezibalulekile kumasipala wase-Antiguo Morelos yimihume yasePachón, eFlorida naseTigre, eyokuqala engomunye wezintshisekelo zesayensi, ngoba ngaphakathi iqukethe ichibi elingaphansi komhlaba lapho inqwaba yezinhlanzi eziyimpumputhe ezivela khona Uhlobo lwe-Astyanax.
Lapho kuhlangana khona omasipala baseMante, Ocampo naseGómez Farías, empumalanga esekupheleni kweServilleta Canyon, kunemigede ezungeze eyisithupha, iningi lazo lihlala isikhashana; Ngenxa yemidwebo yokudweba emhumeni ezindongeni zayo zangaphakathi, kungenzeka ukuthi zazisetshenziswa amaNdiya asendulo amaHuastec ayehlala ezinqolobaneni (izindunduma) ezitholakala osebeni loMfula iComandante. Kancane kancane enyakatho, ngaphakathi kukamasipala waseGómez Farías nasempumalanga ye-sierra, sithola inqwaba yezimbotshana ezithakazelisayo eziseduze nePlan de Guadalupe ejido; Kulezi, uMgede kaZapata yiwona ovakashelwa kakhulu futhi obabazekayo, ngoba umgudu omkhulu ongaphansi komhlaba weqa ingxenye yezintaba ezikhanyiswa emini ngamalambu amathathu asatshalaliswa ngasendleleni. Kweminye imigede kunezinsalela zobumba nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zemidwebo yomhume.
Ngaphakathi endaweni enezintaba ze-El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, imihume ye-Agua, Infiernillo, La Mina neLa Capilla ivelele; amabili okuqala, azungeze i-ejido yaseSan José, abonakala ngosayizi omkhulu wamakamelo awo kanye nobuhle bezakhiwo zawo zamaminerali, kanti amanye amabili ngokwahluka okumangalisayo kwezilwane zawo zase-troglobian.
UKUTHOLA KWE-TAMAULIPECAN CAVES
Imihume yaseLos Portales neRomero, esendaweni yaseCañón del Infiernillo, yimigodi enenani elikhulu kunawo wonke le-anthropological and archaeological esifundeni. Zahlolwa ngo-1937 nguJavier Romero noJuan Valenzuela, amalungu eNational Institute of Anthropology and History ngaleso sikhathi, kwathi ngo-1954 nguRichard S. MacNeish noDavid Kelly, amalungu eNational Museum of Canada. Phakathi nalokhu kuvakashelwa okubili, kukhishwe izinsalela zomuntu (izidumbu zomzimba), izinto zezindwangu zefayibha, amasampula ommbila, ubhontshisi, isikwashi, amabhodwe nobumba. Ucwaningo lukaMacNeish noKelly lwembula ukuthi inkathi yokuqala yamasiko, isigaba seHogo, yaqala emuva ku-6500 BC.
IZIPHETHO
Ngaphandle kwezingozi ezihilelekile ekuhloleni umhume noma i-grotto, lo ngumsebenzi ovuza kakhulu futhi othokozisayo esingawenza ngokuphepha uma sinolwazi olwanele nemishini efanele. Lezi zingosi zifanelwe yinhlonipho yethu kanye nayo yonke imvelo, yingakho ngibhala isivumo sokholo emihubheni kanye nezincomo zomhloli wamazwe odumile waseMexico uCarlos Lazcano Sahagún: “Lapho sivakashela umgodi, okuwukuphela kwento esiyithathayo izithombe, okuwukuphela kwento esiyishiya Bayizimpawu zezinyawo zethu, futhi ukuphela kwento esiyibulalayo yisikhathi. Sifuna labo abavakashela emihumeni lapho kade sasikhona bababone njengoba sasibona: ngaphandle kukadoti, ngaphandle kokubhalwa phansi, ngaphandle kokucwiywa izitho zomzimba, ngaphandle kokuphangwa; bazizwe sengathi bathola okusha ”.
Umthombo: IMexico engaziwa engu-303 / Meyi 2002
