EMexico, ukukhuphuka izintaba kwakwenziwa kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi, e-Original Relationships yaseCalco-Amecameca kunobufakazi bokwenyuka kwePopocatepetl ngonyaka we-3-cane (1289).
Ukukhuphuka izintaba noma ukukhweza izintaba kwaqala ngo-1492, lapho u-Antoine De Ville enza umqansa wokuqala weMont Aiguille. Kodwa-ke, usuku oluthathwa njengesiqalo semidlalo ephakeme yezintaba ngu-Agasti 8, 1786, lapho uJacques Balmat, efika engqungqutheleni yeMont Blanc, isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke eYurophu, kanye noDkt. Paccard. Phakathi nekhulu lama-20, ngasekupheleni kwawo-1920 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1930, abagibeli bezintaba e-European Alps baqala ukunqoba izindonga ezinkulu ezibandayo. Kodwa-ke, ngawo-1960 kwakuyisikhathi segolide sokukhuphuka okukhulu odongeni, kanti i-Yosemite Valley yaseCalifornia yaba yindawo yokudlala. Imingcele inwetshiwe futhi izinhlelo ezintsha zokubambelela namathuluzi kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqhubeka nokuqhubekela phambili.
Umdlalo wokuqwala ezintabeni eziphakeme ubizwa ngokuthi yi-mountaineering ngoba waqhamuka e-Alps. Izici empeleni ziphakeme ngaphezu kokuphila kwezitshalo ezingapheli futhi impilo yezilwane ayinangozi (lesi sici sincike ebangeni lapho intaba ikhona) kanye namazinga aphansi okushisa aphakathi nendawo, ngoba izintaba zimboziwe kweqhwa noma iqhwa. Ngokuvamile, ingcindezi yasemkhathini iphansi kakhulu, edala ukugula kwezintaba nezinye izifo kumuntu ongagunyaziwe. Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet iphezulu futhi kuyadingeka ukumboza isikhumba nge-sunscreen ukugwema ukusha ngamazinga ahlukene.
Izintaba eMexico
EMexico, ukukhuphuka izintaba kwakwenziwa kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi, e-Original Relations of Chalco-Amecameca kunobufakazi bokwenyuka kwePopocatepetl ngonyaka we-3-mhlanga (1289). Ukukhuphuka kwamadwala kwaqala ngawo-1940 nango-1950. Kwaqalwa ngamaqembu amathathu; eyodwa eMexico City, enye ePachuca nenye eMonterrey. Lokhu kwaqala ukukhuphuka ngamandla. Omunye wabamele kakhulu lesi sikhathi kwakunguSantos Castro, owenyuka imizila eminingi e-El Chico National Park, eLas Ventanas, eLos Frailes naseCirco del Crestón. E-Iztaccíhuatl wavula umzila weSentinel, olinganisa u-280 m. Ngama-1970s, abaseMexico uSergio Fish noGermán Wing, wethula iqembu kanye nemibono yokukhuphuka eyenzeka eYosemite.
Enye yezinto ezikhethekile zalo mdlalo yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-canyoning, igama elisuselwa ku-canyoning yesiNgisi, okusho ukuthi: landela wonke umhosha noma umhosha. EPopocatepetl kwenziwa kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuqwala izintaba (ngonyaka 3-cane 1289) eCañada de Nexpayantla. Manje isenziwa cishe yonke indawo, kusukela eBaja California kuya eYucatán. Konke okudingayo udonga noma umhume okufanele wehle ngaleyo ndlela. Nayi i-akhawunti yezinye zezindawo zokuzijwayeza ukukhweza izintaba eMexico.
Iztaccíhuatl: Umkhawulo Wokukhanya
Umqansa uqala eLlano Grande, ubheke ngasesigodini saseTeyotl, ubheke eningizimu, ezansi kodonga yisiphephelo segama elifanayo. Lesi sigaba sokuqala simbozwe yimoto. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngezinyawo, ulibangise empumalanga, kufanele udlule emgudwini onamadwala ovelele kakhulu, oxhuma nezinwele ezisempumalanga zeNhloko ye-Iztaccíhuatl kanye nesisekelo seTeyotl. Uma usufikile egqumeni elenziwe yilawa maphuzu amathathu, kufanele ubheke eningizimu, uhambe ngokunqamula endaweni enamadwala eLa Cabellera Oriente, okungukuthi, ohlangothini lwePuebla. Ukulandela le ndlela, sidlulela ngaseNeck, ngokuya phezulu phezulu ngomsele ombozwe yiqhwa, oholela ngqo egqumeni elenziwe yiNhloko nommango oqhamuka esifubeni. Lapho iCuello isitholakele, siyaqhubeka ngaseningizimu kulokho okubizwa nge-Arista de la Luz okuxhuma nengqungquthela, okuyi-Chest of Iztaccíhuatl. Lo mzila mfushane futhi uqonde kakhulu kunendlela ejwayelekile noma yeLa Joya, kepha udinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu nolwazi lwamasu wokuqwala.
Iztaccíhuatl Volcano noma Owesifazane Olele: Amaphupho Okukhuphuka
Njengoba iphakeme ngamamitha angu-5,230, iyintaba yesithathu ephakeme kunazo zonke ezweni futhi manje iyintaba-mlilo ebanjelwe iqhwa evakashelwa kakhulu eMexico. Igama lakhe lisho Owesifazane Omhlophe ngesiNahuatl. Inezindlela eziningi zokungena kodwa enye evame kakhulu umzila odabula intaba-mlilo yonke usuka eLos Pies (Amacuilécatl) uye e-El Pecho.
Edolobheni lase-Amecameca ungathola ezokuthutha ezizosiyisa eLa Joya, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-3,940, lapho kuqalwa khona ukukhuphuka. Lapha kufanele sithathe umzila okhuphukela odongeni bese uyaphambuka. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalahli le ndlela elandela imigqa nezintaba eziningana. Ngemuva kokushiya izihlahla zokugcina, kufanele sihambe ngendlela enomthambeka omkhulu, lapho-ke azikho izimila. Ekupheleni kwalokhu, indlela isiyisa ngasemthambekeni onamadwala ophelela eSegundo Portillo (itheku noma ukudlula). Ukusuka lapha, umzila awunakuphikiswa futhi kufanele nje udlule kuzo zonke izindawo zokukhosela ezisendleleni ukuze ufike phezulu.
Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphephela kweRepública de Chile (4,600 m) izindawo ezinesihlabathi ziyaphela. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzofanele sithole iLuis Méndez (4,900 m), kusuka kule ndawo ukwenyuka kwenziwa ngomgwaqo onomthambeka omncane kuze kufike esifubeni. Isincomo esibaluleke kunazo zonke kulabo abangayazi kahle intaba ukukhuphuka enkampanini yomuntu noma inhlangano ekhethekile. Isikhathi esilinganiselwayo esivela eLa Joya sishintsha phakathi kwamahora ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye.
Iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke eMexico futhi ingenye yemingcele phakathi kwesifundazwe sasePuebla neVeracruz. Inama-5,700 m wokuphakama, yize i-INEGI ikunikeza ama-5,610. Ububanzi obukhulu bomgodi wayo ngu-450 m futhi inezinguzunga zeqhwa ezingapheli. Yize igama lakhona loqobo eNahuatl linguCitlaltépetl (kusuka e-citlallin, inkanyezi, ne-tépetl, igquma), laziwa kakhulu njengePico de Orizaba futhi akekho noyedwa owaziyo ukuthi kungani leli gama livela.
ICitlaltépetl noma iPico de Orizaba: Inkanyezi engapheli
Mhlawumbe igama layo libangelwa ukusondela kwalo kuleli dolobha laseVeracruz. Ubuhle bale ntaba enkulu buhlukaniswa nebanga elithile ngenxa yobukhulu bayo nokuthi inezigidi zamamitha-skwele wobuso beqhwa. Cishe bonke bayayikhuphuka isuka emzileni osenyakatho ngenxa yokukhululeka kwayo. Edolobhaneni elincane laseTlachichuca, esifundazweni sasePuebla, singaqasha izinsiza zokuhamba siye esiphephelweni sasePiedra Grande, isakhiwo esiqinile endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4,260 ngomthamo wabagibeli abambalwa.
Ukwenyuka kuvame ukuqala ekuseni kakhulu, kuqalwe ngesiphephelo saseLa Lengüeta, okwake kwaba ulimi lwenguzunga yeqhwa, size sifinyelele engxenyeni engenhla ye-Espolón, idwala elikhulu elingakwesokudla komgwaqo. Lapho inguzunga yeqhwa iyaqala futhi kufanele sicabangele yonke imithetho yokuphepha yokukhuphuka izintaba ukuze ukwenyuka kwethu kube lula. Kukhona imifantu emithathu emgwaqeni, ngakho-ke kufanele sikhuphuke sigaxekile futhi sikanye nomqondisi onolwazi.
I-Peña de Bernal: Enkulu kunazo zonke eMelika
UBernal akakwazi ukwehluleka ukunconywa. Amakhilomitha amaningana ngaphambi kokufika edolobheni, kucatshangelwa idwala elikhulu elikhuphuka ngaphezu kwenhlabathi enhle. Le monolith ithathwa njengeyesithathu ebaluleke kunazo zonke emhlabeni, isendaweni yaseQuerétaro futhi inokuphakama kwamamitha angu-2,430 ngaphezu kolwandle. Kuthiwa amaBasque lapho abona ukwakheka kokuma komhlaba abiza iBernal, okusho ukuthi iPeña noma iPeasco. Lezi zinsika ezinamadwala ziyizintaba-mlilo ezingena lapho intaba-mlilo iqine ngaphakathi kwentaba-mlilo futhi isigaxa sayo sigugile kusukela eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-180 edlule.
Kunamanye amaBernales eVeracruz, eGuanajuato, eSan Luis Potosí naseTamaulipas. Akunakwenzeka ukulahleka ngoba itshe elikhulu likaPeña Bernal likhuphukela emkhathizwe bese lisiholela ngase dolobheni. Lapha sizothola inani elikhulu lamadwala ezinhlobonhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kanye nemizila engenakubalwa yabaqalayo kanye nochwepheshe be-alpinists.
Le monolith ethathwa njengeyinkulu kunazo zonke eMelika ivumela ukwehla ngenqubo yokuphinda ikhumbule, kanye nokuhamba edolobheni lasePeña de Bernal kuhleli emithambekeni, ngoba ukwakheka kwayo kwamakholoni njenge-cathedral kunesithakazelo esikhulu, isakhiwo esinobulula wesifundazwe kanye nemfudumalo yezakhamuzi zakhona. Kubuye kubonakale ngokwenziwa kwamatagi nezingubo zoboya obumsulwa.
