Abantu namasiko eTotonacapan II

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Sinezinye izibalo ezisiphinda lelo dolobha ngezingubo zabo zemihlobiso nemihlobiso, bephethe izifuba ezingcwele noma bephethe ama-feline.

Kuzo sehlukanisa izingubo ezigqokwa ngezinhle zesikhathi, eziqukethe ama-huipiles amakhulu afinyelela ezinyaweni. Ukuhlaziya izakhi zezithonjana ezikhona kulezi zibazi zobumba, siyabona ukuthi onkulunkulu abaningi besizwe saseMesoamerican base behlonishwa kakade ngabantu basogwini kule nkathi yasendulo; sinoTlaloc, unkulunkulu wemvula, okhonjwa yizimpumputhe ukuthi, njengesifihla-buso senkambiso, zimboze ubuso bakhe; inkosi eshiwo kakade yabafileyo, okwathi abantu basogwini benza izethulo ezithile ezibhalwe kahle; UHuehuetéotl naye ukhona, unkulunkulu omdala womlilo, ogama lakhe libonakala libuyela emuva esikhathini sikaCuicuilco (iminyaka engama-300 BC) enkabeni yeMexico.

Kubukeka sengathi eGulf Coast yaseMexico kwakukhona ukugcizelelwa okukhethekile emasikweni ahlobene nomdlalo wesiko webhola, ngoba sekutholwe izinkantolo eziningana. Maphakathi neVeracruz, umdlalo webhola uxhunyaniswe nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Inkimbinkimbi yamajoka, izintende nezimbazo", isethi yamatshe amancane noma aphakathi nendawo asebenza emadwaleni aqinile nacwebezelayo anemibala eluhlaza nampunga.

Okokuqala, kufanele kuthiwe ekuthuthukisweni komdlalo, ababambiqhaza bekufanele bavikele okhalweni lwabo nezitho zabo zangaphakathi ngamabhande abanzi, mhlawumbe enziwe ngokhuni futhi efakwe ukotini nezindwangu zesikhumba. Laba bavikeli mhlawumbe kuyisandulela nephethini yezithombe ezibizwa ngamajoka, ezinjengesicathulo sehhashi noma ezinye zivaliwe ngokuphelele. Abadwebi basebenzise ukuhlangana kwayo okunelukuluku lokuqopha izibalo ezinhle ezindongeni zangaphandle nasekuqedeni okukhumbuza ubuso bezinkukhu noma ama-batrachians, izinyoni zasebusuku, njengezikhova, noma amaphrofayli abantu.

Izintende zezandla zinegama lazo ngokuma kwazo okuhlanganisiwe kanye naphezulu okugobile okusikhumbuza amaqabunga alesi sihlahla. Abanye ababhali babheka ukuthi zingasetshenziswa kahle njengezimpawu ze-heraldic ezikhomba abadlali noma izinhlangano zabo kanye nobuzalwane. Eziningana zalezi zithombe zifana nelulwane, ezinye zichaza izigcawu zemikhuba lapho sibona khona amaqhawe anqobayo, amathambo inyama yawo edliwa yizilwane ezidlayo, noma izisulu zomhlatshelo ezinezifuba ezivulekile.

Mayelana nalawa abizwa ngokuthi yizimbazo, esingakusho ngawo ukuthi athathwe njengokuqoshwa kwamatshe emakhanda atholakala ngokunqunywa ikhanda, okuyisiphetho somkhuba webhola. Ngempela, izinto ezaziwa kakhulu zisibhekisa kumaphrofayili womuntu wobuhle obukhulu, njengembazo edumile ye-man-dolphin eyayingeyeqoqo leMiguel Covarrubias; Kukhona nemininingwane yezilwane ezincelisayo noma izinyoni, kepha asikunaki ukuzihlanganisa kwazo ngqo nomhlatshelo osolwayo.

Ukuthuthuka okuphelele kwezamasiko kwalesi sifunda esisogwini olusenkabeni kwenzeke endaweni yase-El Tajin, eseduze nedolobha elimomothekayo lasePapantla. Ngokusobala, ukuthuthuka kwayo kwakuqukethe umsebenzi omude osuka ku-400 kuye ku-1200 AD, okungukuthi, kusuka eClassic kuye ekuqaleni kwePostclassic, esikhathini seMesoamerican.

Umehluko wobude bendawo e-El Tajín unqume izindawo ezimbili. Okokuqala, isivakashi esifika kule ndawo siqale uhambo lwaso sithola uchungechunge lwezakhiwo zokwakha ezisengxenyeni engezansi. Iqembu lomfudlana kanye neqembu lePyramid of the Niches yizinhlangano zokuqala zokwakha ezenzekayo; Lesi sakamuva sinegama laso esakhiweni esidumile se-pyramidal esaziwa kusukela ngekhulu le-18 futhi esenze idolobha lezinto zakudala laziwa. Igumbi elingaphansi elinemizimba enyathelwe enezici ezithile eziyinhlanganisela yodonga olwakhiwe yizicucu ezisekelwa ithambeka elehlelayo futhi eliqedwa yi-cornice evelayo. Umbukeli ocabanga ngalesi sakhiwo uthola umbono ohlaba umxhwele futhi onesizotha wokulinganisela okuphelele okutholwe yilabo badwebi bomdabu lapho bekwazi ukulinganisa ubukhulu nomusa.

Eduze kwePyramid of the Niches kunezinkantolo eziningana zomdlalo webhola, e-El Tajín ezaziwa ngokuthi izindonga ezimile ngaphakathi kwamagceke zihlotshiswe ngemidwebo echaza izikhathi ezahlukahlukene nezinto zezemidlalo engcwele. Ezigcawini siyakubona ukunqunywa ikhanda komunye wabadlali, inkolo yamagnuey kanye ne-pulque, imidanso nokuguqulwa kwabahlukunyeziwe babe yizilwane zasezulwini ezifana nokhozi. Abaculi babiyela isigcawu ngasinye ngento yokuhlobisa osekuyisikhathi eside ibizwa nge- "the Totonaco interlace", ehlukaniswa ngoba uhlobo lwezingwegwe noma imiqulu kuhlangene ngendlela evusa inkanuko; Ekuboneni kokuqala kungabonakala njengokuhamba kwamanzi, ukugqagqana kwamafu noma udlame lomoya nesiphepho.

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Ividiyo: Descubre la magia del Totonacapan (May 2024).