Iphosta iyindlela yokukhuluma eguquke nomphakathi namasiko. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu komsebenzi wayo wokuxhumana wesikhashana nokusetshenziswa kwayo kokuhlobisa, kungathathwa njengombhalo lapho umlando nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi owudalile kuthathwa khona.
Iphosta iyindlela yokukhuluma eguquke nomphakathi namasiko. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu komsebenzi wayo wokuxhumana wesikhashana nokusetshenziswa kwayo kokuhlobisa, kungathathwa njengombhalo lapho umlando nokuthuthuka komphakathi owudalile kuthathwa khona.
Kuleli shumi leminyaka, umhlaba uguqulwe ngokuzimboza ngenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana engabonakali. Ngokwakhiwa kweminye imithombo yezindaba - ividiyo, ithelevishini, i-cinema, umsakazo, i-intanethi - indima yalesi sikhangiso ishintshile futhi kubonakala sengathi imiselwe ukunyamalala. Kodwa-ke, iphosta iyaqhubeka nokuba nezinguquko, ingena eminyuziyamu nasemabukweni, iye ophahleni lwendlu, izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba - iMetro - nezitobhi zamabhasi, ihlanganisa ukuhlala kwayo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene nokugcina indima ebalulekile ukuxhumana okucacile kwesimanje. Kwanele ukubona ukubaluleka okutholwe yiminyaka emibili emihle yaseWarsaw, iBern, iColorado neMexico, lapho le ndlela yethulwa khona njengento yobuciko.
Ngokuya ngoguquko lomhlaba jikelele, eMexico ngeminyaka yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye kubhaliswe uchungechunge lwemicimbi yezomnotho, ezepolitiki namasiko ezinomthelela ekwakhiweni kwemidwebo futhi ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa kwamaposta, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhompyutha nokwenziwa komhlaba wonke izimakethe ezifuna ukukhuthazwa kwemikhiqizo yazo, inani elikhulu lemicimbi yamasiko, ikakhulukazi ubuciko nokuklama; ukwanda kokushicilelwa, ukwehluka kwabasiki bengqephu abasha abaphothule ezikoleni zobungcweti ezingena emkhakheni womsebenzi, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaqembu wabaculi bezingqwembe abahlangana ukwenza imidlalo enezindikimba ezithile.
Kungale minyaka eyishumi lapho i-International Poster Biennial yenzeka eMexico, esivele yabanjwa kahlanu; Lokhu kuholele ekubonisweni kwamaphosta avela kuwo wonke umhlaba, kukhuthaze ukubamba iqhaza kwabaqambi ezingqungqutheleni, ezifundweni nakumasifundisane, nasekushicilelweni kwezincwadi kanye namakhathalogi wokukhiqizwa kwamaposta eMexico nakwamanye amazwe.
NgoMeyi 1997, okhuthazwe yi-International Poster Biennial eMexico, kwavezwa umbukiso wabadwebi bezingqwembe abancane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-35 eCasa del Poeta eMexico City. Ocingweni, kwacelwa izingcezu ezenziwa phakathi kuka-1993 no-1997. Ngenxa yokwehluka kwezindikimba kanye nezixazululo ezahlukahlukene, lesi sampula siyisici sephosta yesimanje yaseMexico futhi sivumela ukubuka umsebenzi wongoti abasha abakha amaphosta.
U-Alejandro Magallanes, ongomunye wabahleli futhi obambe iqhaza, uveze ukwethulwa kwesampula: “Inhloso enkulu yalo mbukiso ukukwazi ukubona izingqwembe zabaklami baseMexico abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala, kanye nokuseshwa kombhali ngamunye . Amabanga wesampula asukela kokulondolozwa kakhulu kuye ekuhlolweni kakhulu futhi kusukela kumasiko amaningi kuye kweyezentengiso kakhulu. Kuzo zonke izimo, abaklami bangabavelisi beSiko ”.
Ngaleso senzakalo, kwahlangana izingqwembe ezingaphezu kuka-150 ezivela kubadwebi abangama-54. Ukukhethwa kwendaba kwakunesidingo sokuthi kuvele okungenani iphosta eyodwa yomhlanganyeli ngamunye, eyayingaboniswanga ePoster Biennial eMexico futhi eyayisetshenziswe esidlangalaleni njengoposta.
Kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi yize kungewona wonke amaphosta "amahle" kuyadingeka ukuthi kuvezwe ukuthi ukwakheka kwawo akukhululiwe ezigabeni zokuhlola kanye nobuhle; Ngenxa yalokho, kukumklami ukucabanga ngomlingiswa wobuhle walowo osebenzelana naye, yize kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi kunikezwa iphosta enezici esingazibiza, ezigabeni zobuhle, ukuthi zinhle. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngenxa yedrama yayo noma uhlobo lwayo lokumelwa, ayikubangeli ukujabula kulowo mqondo wobuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isethi yayimele umoya walesi sizukulwane futhi iyigagu ngokuya ngomcabango wokusebenza kwabo.
Lo mbukiso, kusho uLeonel Sagahón, umqambi nophromotha, “bekuyisenzo sokuhlangana, lapho sihlangane khona sazana, kwaba ngonembeza bezinyunyana. Futhi bekuyisenzo sokuqala esidlangalaleni, empeleni isethulo sethu emphakathini njengesizukulwane, lapho okokuqala sisho esikwenzayo futhi ngokusobala lokho esikucabangayo ”.
Isikhathi lapho lo msebenzi udlula khona ngesesikhathi sokukhulelwa nosesho esizotholakala engxoxweni phakathi kwezizukulwane ezahlukahlukene, kucatshangelwa amaphrojekthi nemicimbi lapho imibono yabo ihlangana khona futhi ibhekane. Iphrojekthi yakamuva kakhulu kube ukukhiqizwa kwamaphosta embukiso owenzeka eNetherlands, ngoMeyi odlule, lapho, okwakhuthazwa ngumagazini iMatiz, ababonisi abangama-22 - amahhovisi nabantu ngabanye - bethulwa izitayela ezahlukahlukene zobuhle.
Ngemuva kombukiso neminye imicimbi eyenziwe yile ntsha, kungenzeka ukubiza abanye ababambe iqhaza kuleso sizukulwane ekwakhiweni kwamaphosta: Alejandro Magallanes, Manuel Monroy, Gustavo Amézaga no-Eric Olivares, yibo abasebenze kakhulu ku-poster, yize sebenza kulo mkhakha kaLeonel Sagahón, u-Ignacio Peón, uDomingo Martínez, uMargarita Sada, u-Ángel Lagunes, uRuth Ramírez, u-Uzyel Karp noCelso Arrieta, hhayi nje kuphela njengabasunguli bamaphosta - ngoba kuzoba nabambalwa abazobabiza ngamagama - kodwa njengabagqugquzeli futhi abanesithakazelo ukuthuthuka nokuvela kwale ndlela. Futhi, kufanele kukhulunywe ngoDuna vs Paul, abaklami abambalwa abangazange babambe iqhaza kulo mbukiso, kepha baklama izingqwembe zePalacio de Bellas Artes, noJosé Manuel Morelos, okwamanje owenza ucwaningo olubalulekile ngeposta yezepolitiki eMexico.
Abanye abaklami benza imisebenzi ehlangene efana neLa Baca, la Perla, i-El Cartel de Medellín ethuthukisa izingqikithi mayelana nokubekezelelana, iCuba nenkululeko yentando yeningi; emisebenzini yabo benza ukugxeka okunzima, ngaleyo ndlela bafunde komunye nomunye, amanye amaqembu afika ekukhiqizeni uchungechunge olunamaphosta alo angasayinwa ngababhali ngawodwana kepha njengamaqoqo; bathathe - iningi labo - ngentshiseko ubuchwepheshe obusha, izitayela ezintsha, amathonya avela ngaphandle, nge-Intanethi nangezinye izindlela zokuxhumana. Ngenqubo yokubonisa ukwakhiwa nomsebenzi ohlanganyelwe, bafuna ukwenza iphosta enomqondo wokuhlola futhi esebenza njengesiphakamiso esizayo sokulondoloza nokonga ezobuciko, ngokungeziwe, emsebenzini wazo njengendlela yokuxhumana.
Isizukulwane sabaklami, abazalwa eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha nesithupha nengxenye yokuqala yamashumi ayisikhombisa, sesivele sithole ukuvuthwa kobungcweti, futhi yize bengeke bahlukaniswe njengeqembu elifanayo, ngokusho kukaLeonel Sagahón, kunezici ezithile ezibabonakalisa njengesizukulwane : funa ulimi olunobuhle obuhlukile, ukukhathazeka ukuvuselela indlela okungabhekwana ngayo nezindaba ezithinta izwe futhi ufuna ukuvuselela leyo nkulumo, ukucinga izinsiza zobuchwepheshe ezintsha nezimpawu ezintsha.
Abantu abasha bathatha okuningi kwalokho okwenziwe phambilini, baphinde babeke ukuqhekeka kwezobuchwepheshe nobuhle; siphila esikhathini lapho izinqubo ziye zashesha futhi kuyadingeka ukwenza ukubalwa ngesiko nangesimanjemanje. Abaqambi kumele bazicabangele ngokusobala, basebenzise zonke izindlela zesimanje ezikhona nezizayo ukuze baqhubeke nokugcwalisa lesi sidingo senhlalo sesithonjana sezokuxhumana.
Sengiphetha, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi lesi sizukulwane sifuna ulimi lwaso. Emsebenzini wabo ongaguquguquki, ekuhlaziyweni komsebenzi, ekukhuthazeni nasekusabalaliseni le ndlela, bazogcina ukuxoxa ngezihloko nokuhlala njalo.
U-Iris Salgado. Uneziqu ze-Graphic Communication Design. Wathweswa iziqu e-Uam-Xochimilco, wenza iziqu ze-master in Creativity for Design eSikoleni Sokuklama Kwezobuciko. Njengamanje usebenza kukhathalogi ye-Interactive kokuthi "Akuwona wonke amaphosta amahle."
Umthombo: IMexico ngesikhathi esingu-32 Septhemba / Okthoba 1999
