UDon Ignacio Cumplido wazalwa ngo-1811 edolobheni laseGuadalajara, lapho umbuso waseNew Galicia wawusekhona, kanti iMexico yayisekupheleni kwesikhathi se-viceregal; Ngonyaka nje ngaphambili, uDon Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla wayeseqale iNguquko Yase-Mexico Yenkululeko.
UMUNTU NESIKHATHI SAKHE
UDon Ignacio Cumplido wazalwa ngo-1811 edolobheni laseGuadalajara, lapho umbuso waseNew Galicia wawusekhona, kanti iMexico yayisekupheleni kwesikhathi se-viceregal; Ngonyaka nje ngaphambili, uDon Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla wayeseqale iNguquko Yase-Mexico Yenkululeko.
Kusukela esemncane, u-Ignacio Cumplido wathuthela eMexico City lapho aba nesithakazelo kwezobuciko be-typographic, lo msebenzi yiwona owawuzomhlukanisa impilo yakhe yonke.
Omunye wemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala wawuseMnyuziyamu wakudala kaZwelonke, owawuqondiswa nguDon Isidro Icaza, ezinikela ekunakekeleni ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Natural History, eyakhiwe ikakhulu ngamaqoqo amadwala namaminerali, imibungu nezilwane ezigcwele, njll. Kepha, ngokungangabazeki, umsebenzi wephrinta wamenza waba nentelezi engenakulibaleka, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu washiya isikhungo esidala semfundo, kwathi ngo-1829 waba ngumqondisi omusha sha womshini wokunyathelisa owashicilela u-El Correo de la Federación, umkhulumeli omkhulu we yamaqembu ovulekile womsebenzi omkhulu ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngemuva kwalokho, wayephethe ukuphrintwa kwelinye iphephandaba, i-El Fénix de la Libertad, lapho abalingiswa abadume kakhulu ababhala imibono yentando yeningi babhala khona. futhi kule ncwadi lapho umshicileli wethu waseGuadalajara azihlukanisa khona ngokuzinikela kwakhe emsebenzini, isici esasizomhlukanisa kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe.
Amashumi eminyaka okuqala eMexico azimele akhonjwa ngomzabalazo oshubile owenziwa amaLiberal kanye namaConservatives, amaqembu ezepolitiki ayezelwe ngaphansi kwezindawo zokulala zamaMason. Abangaphambili babefuna iFederal Republic kanye nokuphikisana nayo, ubumbano kanye nokuqhubeka kwamalungelo amaqembu amadala ombuso wezwe lamakoloni. Abokugcina kwakuyiSonto LamaKatolika, abanini mhlaba nabanikazi bezimayini. Kwakukuleli zwe lezimpi zokubulalana, ukuziphindiselela kwezepolitiki kanye nomashiqela abanomusa, lapho u-Ignacio Cumplido ahlala khona futhi wakhulisa ubuciko bakhe bokuthayipha ngekhono elikhulu, futhi njengoba wayengumuntu wemibono evulekile, kusobala ukuthi wayifeza injongo yakhe emkhakheni wokushicilela.
Ngo-1840, uMnu. Cumplido wajoyina abaphathi bakahulumeni, waqokwa njengo-Superintendent wamajele. Leli cala ngaleso sikhathi lalifana nendida ngoba wayesanda kuboshwa, ngokungafanele, ejele elidumile lase-Acordada yangaphambili. Isizathu sokuboshwa kwakhe bekukade siphethe ukushicilelwa kwencwadi eyabhalwa nguGutiérrez Estrada ngendaba yobukhosi.
Ngo-1842, uCumplido wakhethwa njengePhini likaKhongolose futhi, kamuva, wathola isikhundla seSenator. Wayehlala evelele ngokuma kwakhe ngokukhululeka nangokuba ngumvikeli wezimbangela zabathobekile nabangahlupheki. Bonke ababhali bakhe babonisa isimo sakhe sengqondo sokuphana ngokunikela ngemali ayitholayo yezomnotho njengePhini nanjengeSenethi ngokuqondene nezinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi.
Lowo kwakuwumqondo wakhe wobuntu wokuthi ngemali yakhe wasungula ikolishi lokuphrinta lezintandane ezisencane, entula inhlanhla, futhi kuthiwa, kulelo khaya wayebaphatha sengathi bangamalungu omndeni wakhe. Lapho, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, bafunda ubuciko basendulo bokushicilela nokubhala.
Esinye isici esivelele sikaMnu. Cumplido ukubamba iqhaza kwakhe ekushisekeleni izwe lakhe ekuvikeleni idolobha lethu ngesikhathi sempi engathandeki iMelika eyayihlasela neMexico ngo-1847. Umlingiswa wethu wazinikela ekhanda lebutho leNational Guard, wanikezwa isikhundla sokuba ukaputeni. Kulesi sikhundla wenza ngokugcina isikhathi nangokusebenza kahle okwakumhlukanisa kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe.
IGNACIO CUMPLIDO, UMHLELI WEKHULU LE-XIX
Elinye lamaphephandaba amadala kakhulu iMexico ebelinalo, ngokungangabazeki i-El Siglo XIX, ngoba belineminyaka engama-56. Eyasungulwa ngu-Ignacio Cumplido ngo-Okthoba 7, 1841, izifundiswa nabacabangi ababedume kakhulu bangaleso sikhathi babambisana kuyo; izikhonzi zakhe zazihlanganisa ezombusazwe kanye nezincwadi nesayensi. Umlando waleso sikhathi wawubhalwe emakhasini ayo. Ukukhishwa kwayo kokugcina kubhalwe ngo-Okthoba 15, 1896.
Leli phephandaba, ekuqaleni lalinesihloko ekhasini lokuqala elinomqondo wokuzithiba okukhulu, ngemuva kwesikhashana, ubuciko beCumplido bavela ekushicilelweni, futhi kungaleso sikhathi lapho-ke lasebenzisa khona umbhalo oqoshiwe lapho izintaba-mlilo zethu zaziswa khona, ngemuva Ilanga liyaphuma ngemisebe ekhazimulayo kanye nebhodi lokukhangisa lapho singafunda khona i-Fine Arts, iNqubekela phambili, i-Union, i-Commerce, i-Industry.
Ikhulu le-19, kamuva, laba nabaqondisi abaningana abaziwayo njengoJosé Ma.Vigil, isazi-mlando esidumile kanye nomlobi we-bibliographer owayenguMqondisi weNational Library ngesikhathi sakhe; UFrancisco Zarco, umbhali omkhulu, owokugcina kube nguLuis Pamba. Emakhasini aleli phephandaba, amagama kaLuis de la Rosa, uGuillermo Prieto, uManuel Payno, u-Ignacio Ramírez, uJosé T. Cuéllar namanye amalungu amaningi aqavile e-Liberal Party.
IGNACIO CUMPLIDO, UMCULI WE-TYPOGRAPHIC
Kusukela ezindleleni zakhe zokuqala zobuciko bokuthayipha, okwethulwe eMexico ngesikhathi sokuzimela kwayo, umlingiswa wethu wayenentshisekelo yokukhuphula izinga lomsebenzi owawuphuma emaphephandabeni. Lokhu bekungukuzimisela kwakhe ukuthi ngokugcina okuthile okuqoqwe ngomzamo omkhulu, waya e-United States ngenhloso yokuthola imishini yesimanje kunayo yonke. Kepha kwenzeka ukuthi iVeracruz, okuwukuphela kwetheku lokungena kwemikhumbi yezentengiselwano, ngaleso sikhathi yayivinjelwe ibutho lasolwandle laseFrance elalifuna izikweletu ezingenangqondo ezweni lethu; Ngalesi sizathu, ukuthunyelwa lapho kwavela khona imishini kaCumplido kwafika eNew Orleans, kulahleka lapho unomphela.
Ukunqoba lokhu nezinye izithiyo, u-Ignacio Cumplido, waphinda waqoqa izinsizakusebenza ezamvumela ukuthi aveze, -ngekhwalithi ephezulu yezobuciko, izincwadi ezidumile ezifana ne: El Mosaico Mexicano, iqoqo elalifaka phakathi kuka-1836 kuya ku-1842; UMnyuziyamu waseMexico; i-Picturesque Miscellany of Curious and Instruction Amenities eyashicilelwa kusukela ngo-1843 kuya ku-1845; Umdwebo waseMexico, i-albhamu yaseMexico, njll. Okuphawuleka kakhulu yi-El Presente Amistoso para las Señoritas Mexicanas, eyanyatheliswa okokuqala ngqa ngo-1847; Le ncwadi enhle inamakhasi acijile futhi yanothiswa ngamapuleti ayisithupha aqoshwe ensimbi ngemifanekiso yabesifazane ethandekayo. Ngo-1850 washicilela inguqulo entsha ye-El Presente Amistoso enemibhalo emisha emisha, izingcwecwe zayo zokuqala zangeniswa zivela eYurophu futhi ngo-1851, wenza inguqulo yesithathu neyokugcina yencwadi enjalo eyingqayizivele. Ikakhulukazi kule misebenzi, siyabazisa ubuciko obubucayi bokuhlanganisa izembozo ezinhle, lapho imibala ehlukahlukene ifaka phakathi igolide. Amakhulu ezincwadi aphuma emishinini yeCumplido, uRamiro Villaseñor y Villaseñor enze isibalo esithile. Ngakho-ke, ngomsebenzi wakhe omuhle isibalo sale phrinta esivela eGuadalajara siyaphakanyiswa; Encwadini yakhe yezincwadi eningiliziwe sibonga umsebenzi wakhe wokusabalalisa osondelene nomsebenzi wabakhulu abakhulu, ngoba wayephethe ukuveza imisebenzi eyisisekelo kaCarlos María de Bustamante, uJosé Ma. Iglesias, uLuis de la Rosa, kanye imibono, izimiso nemibhalo eminingi yesimo sezepolitiki nezomnotho esikhishwe ohulumeni bezwe kanye namaChambers of Deputies namaSenator.
Ngendlela enelukuluku nelishwa, le ndoda enkulu futhi enkulu yaseMexico enemibono nenhliziyo, okufa kwayo kwenzeka eMexico City ngoNovemba 30, 1887, ayikufanele neze ukuqashelwa kwezazi zobuntatheli, ezokuthayipha nezobuciko. ukwakheka kokuhlela.
Njengoba sekushiwo kahle, eMexico noma eGuadalajara akukho mgwaqo onikelwe ukukhumbula igama nomsebenzi walo mphrinta omangalisayo wekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.
Umthombo: IMexico ngesikhathi esingu-29 Mashi-Ephreli 1999
