Maphakathi neSierra de Catorce, i- Idolobha Lomlingo I-de de de Catorce ihlala ilindele izivakashi ukuthi zibatshele ngomlando wayo wezimayini odumile futhi ibakhombise izindawo zayo ezinhle. Sikunikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele wedolobha elithokomele lasePotosí.
1. Itholakala kuphi iReal de Catorce?
I-Real de Catorce yidolobha lasePotosino elisenkabeni yeSierra de Catorce ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-2 700 ngaphezu kolwandle. Iyinhloko kamasipala waseCatorce, osenyakatho nesifundazwe saseSan Luis Potosí. I-Real de Catorce kwakuyidolobha elinezimayini phakathi konyaka we-1770 kanye neshumi leminyaka lokuqala lekhulu lama-20 kanti izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ezakhiwe phakathi nezigaba zazo ezichumayo ziyizindawo zayo zokuheha izivakashi. Ngo-2001, iReal de Catorce yafakwa ohlelweni lwaseMexico iMagical Towns olususelwa kumagugu alo ezakhiwo, okwedlule kwezimayini, isiko lendabuko lokuba esinye sezihlalo eziphambili zempucuko yaseHuichol, nezinganekwane namasiko ayo.
2. Lavela kanjani idolobha?
Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi umthambo wokuqala wesiliva watholakala nini, kepha ngo-1772 leli dolobha lase likhona vele. Imithambo yokuqala emikhulu yatholakala ngo-1778 kwathi ngo-1779 iGuatemalan yemvelaphi yaseSpain uSilvestre López Portillo wasungula leli dolobha elibizwa ngeReal de Minas de Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y Purísima Concepción de Guadalupe de los Álamos de Catorce. Kuzoqondakala ukuthi kungani kufushaniswe ngemuva nje kweReal de Catorce. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, izimayini iReal de Catorce zabekwa endaweni yesibili ekukhiqizweni emhlabeni jikelele. Ingcebo enkulu yesiliva yaphela cishe ngonyaka we-1910.
3. Ngilindwe siphi isimo sezulu eReal de Catorce?
Idolobha iReal de Catorce lijabulela isimo sezulu esiphakeme sezintaba, esivikelwe ukuphakama kwalo ngamamitha angu-2,728 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Izinyanga ezipholile kunazo zonke zasebusika eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lingaphansi kuka-11 ° C ngoDisemba nangoJanuwari. Kodwa-ke, i-thermometer ingehla ize ifike ku-5 ° C ngenkathi ebandayo, ngakho-ke kufanele uthathe izinyathelo zokuqapha. Esikhathini esifudumele, kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti, izinga le-mercury lilinganiselwa ku-22 ° C.
4. Yimaphi amabanga amakhulu lapho?
Idolobha eliseduze kakhulu ePotosí neReal de Catorce yiMatehuala, okukude ngamakhilomitha angama-61. kusuka ePueblo Mágico, noma lolu hambo luthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora ukubuya okufanele kunikezwe ngokuya eCedral naseSan Juan de Vanegas. Ukusuka eSan Luis Potosí, inhlokodolobha yesifundazwe, uye eReal de Catorce, kufanele uhambe amakhilomitha angama-256. ulibangise enyakatho ubheke eMatehuala. ISaltillo itholakala ku-287 km., IZacatecas ku-310 km. neMexico City ngamakhilomitha angama-673. ukuya eSan Luis Potosí.
5. Yikuphi okuheha kakhulu iReal de Catorce?
Ukuchuma kwezimayini okuphilwa yiReal de Catorce iminyaka eyi-3 kushiye izakhiwo namanxiwa abalulekile, njengeParroquia de la Purísima Concepción, iSonto leVirgin of Guadalupe, iCasa de la Moneda, iGhost Town, iPalenque de Gallos, iPlaza de Toros, Umhubhe Ogarrio, iHacienda Laguna Seca kanye namanye amabhuloho, ikakhulukazi iZaragoza. Ubukhona obuqinile besiko lakwaHuichol eMagic Town bungabongwa esiqiwini saseWirikuta, eCerro El Quemado nakubuciko balesi sizwe. Iqoqo lezinto ezikhangayo iReal de Catorce ligcwaliswa izinganekwane zedolobha nobuciko balo obumnandi bokupheka.
6. Yini evelele eParroquia de la Purísima Concepción?
ILa Purísima Concepción ingusanta wabavikeli baseSpain nabavukuzi baseMexico nabasePeninsular abaxhaphaza imithambo yesiliva ecebile yedolobha futhi bamenza waba ngumvikeli wabo ongcwele. Ingxenye yethempeli lekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili le-neoclassical, elinama-brushic Doric, futhi ngaphakathi kwalo kubonakala i-altare le-neo-Gothic, elalifakwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ezindongeni kukhona izingcezu ze-altare eziningana, iningi elinikezwa abathembekile ukubonga ukwamukelwa okutholakele. Ezinye izingcezu eziyigugu zesonto yisitho salo sepayipi kusuka ngo-1834, esinemitshingo eyi-1,200 nesithombe seSan Francisco de Asís.
7. Uyini umlando wesithombe sikaSanta Francis wase-Assisi?
Isithombe seSan Francisco de Asís esihlonishwa eParroquia de la Purísima Concepción sasiqala eSontweni LaseGuadalupe, elalisendaweni yezizwe iReal de Catorce. Lezi zingane ezineminyaka eyishumi nane zimbiza ngokuhlanganyela nangothando u-El Charrito noPanchito namaqembu akhe, agujwa phakathi kukaSepthemba 25 no-Okthoba 12, ahanjelwa amashumi ezinkulungwane zabahambeli nabavakashi, ekuzinikeleni okukhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. . Ngokwesiko lesi sithombe sifike kuleli dolobha ngemuva kombongolo, akwaziwa ngemvelaphi yawo.
8. Linjani iSonto leVirgin yaseGuadalupe?
Leli sonto linokubukeka okungajwayelekile ukuthi litholakala ngaphakathi kwenhlangano yeReal de Catorce. Yakhelwe ukungcwaba bobabili abashonile abadumile edolobheni ngaphakathi kwethempeli namathuna, futhi ngaphakathi kukhona amathuna angama-70 abantu abacebile, abapristi nabanye abaneminyaka eyishumi nane ubudala. Ithempeli leVirgin of Guadalupe laliyindawo yokuqala yokukhosela yesithombe seSan Francisco de Asís, manje esiseParroquia de la Purísima Concepción. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesonto kukhona isonto elidala kakhulu ebelisetshenziswa ukubuka izidumbu ngaphambi kokungcwatshwa.
9. Likuphi iGhost Town?
Indawo yaseReal de Catorce ethola igama lePueblo Fantasma ingamanxiwa omgodi wezimayini waseCompromiso kanye nezindawo lapho kwahlomuliswa khona amaminerali ezimayini zaseConcepción. Izinhlobo ezimbili ziphikisana nemvelaphi yegama leGhost Town. Eyodwa ikhombisa ukuthi kwavela ngenxa yokubukeka kwesipoki ukuthi le ndawo ithola ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, lapho umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwengaphakathi lomgodi nengaphandle lidala amakholomu omswakama afihla imvelo. Olunye uhlobo lwegama iGhost Town ukubukeka okugugile futhi okushiyiwe.
10. Yakhiwa nini iMint?
Le ndlu yaqedwa ngo-1863 futhi ngawo lowo nyaka kwaqala ukwenziwa kwezinhlamvu zemali zesiliva, njengoba kukhonjiswa ezinye izingcezu ezigcinwayo. Ngo-1866, umbuso waseFrance owawuphethe iMexico wakhipha umyalo wokuba kuvalwe indlu. ITown Hall yaleli dolobha yalungiselela incwadi icela uMaximiliano ukuba achithe lo myalo, icela uGeneral Tomás Mejía ukuthi abe ngumphathi wayo phambi kombusi. Kodwa-ke, le ncwadi ayikaze iphendulwe, mhlawumbe ngoba ngoJuni 1867, bobabili uMejía noMaximiliano badutshulwa eSantiago de Querétaro. Kukhona izinhlamvu zemali zeReal de Catorce ngaphambi kuka-1863, kodwa zazenziwa kumasifundisane wendawo. Manje iCasa de la Moneda iyisikhungo Sezamasiko.
11. Ngabe zikhona izinhlamvu zemali ezisele zabaqoqi?
Izinhlamvu zemali eziyisishiyagalombili ezisuka ku-1811 yizona eziyivelakancane futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu kulezo ezenziwe edolobheni futhi ingenye yezithandwa kakhulu ngabalandeli baseMexico nabakwamanye amazwe be-numismatics. Ucezu lwesiliva olunomphetho obushelelezi onemodyuli engajwayelekile yamamilimitha angama-38. Njengoba kunikezwe ukutholakala kwayo, i-specimen ingabiza u- $ 50,000 ngakho-ke ingaphansi kwama-fakes. Yenziwa phakathi neminyaka enezinxushunxushu yokubusa kukaFerdinand VII waseSpain ngabasekeli balokho okwakuthiwa yiKing Felón.
12. Yini intshisekelo kaPalenque de Gallos?
Ukulwa kwamakhokho kwenza indawo yokuzijabulisa ephikisanayo nokugembula emazweni amaningana aseLatin America futhi, kanye nokulwa nezinkunzi, bekungukuzijabulisa okuthandwa kakhulu ngabavukuzi beminyaka eyishumi nane phakathi kwekhulu le-18 nele-20. I-Real de Catorce yayineminye yemikhumbi emikhulu kakhulu eMexico kanti inkundla yezakhiwo zaseRoma manje isihlinzeka ngemibukiso yamasiko, ngemuva kokubuyiselwa ngo-1977 lapho yaphinde yathola khona ubukhazikhazi bayo bangaphambili.
13. I-Plaza de Toros ivule nini?
Inkundla yokulwa nokulwa nezinkunzi iReal de Catorce yavulwa ngo-1791 futhi ngokwesiko, kwakuwumklomelo kubantu ngokwenyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi saseSpain seNkosi uCarlos IV El Cazador. Ngeshwa, iningi lesakhiwo lalahleka phakathi kwezigameko ezibhubhisayo ngamabutho alwayo phakathi nekhulu le-19. Kwaba yinto yokubuyiselwa ngonyaka we-1863 ukuze kubuyiswe umkhosi onesibindi eReal de Catorce, kepha eminyakeni emi-5 kamuva kwaqala isikhathi sokuvinjelwa kokulwa nezinkunzi. Abaduni bezinkunzi ababili abadlule kule nkundla: UPonciano Díaz, obizwa nge-El Torero Charro no «Ojitos», uthisha kaRodolfo Gaona.
14. Wenzelwani Umhubhe Ogarrio?
Lo mhubhe ongamamitha angu-2 300 manje osekuheha izivakashi wawungomunye wemisebenzi ephambili yobunjiniyela eMexico ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Yakhiwa yi-Counts de la Maza, osomabhizinisi abacebile basezimayini baseSpain, abayiqamba ngokuthi i-Ogarrio, idolobha lakubo eCantabria. Umhubhe, namuhla owenza umgwaqo ongenela kubantu, wakhelwe ukungena nokuphuma kwezinto zokusebenza kanye nabasebenzi emsebenzini wezimayini futhi imiphongolo egcinwe ingashintshiwe iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu isengabongwa.
15. Yini eHacienda Laguna Seca?
Budebuduze neReal de Catorce le hacienda yangaphambili itholakala, lapho kungenzeka khona ukubabaza imvelo lapho i-mezcal yenziwa khona emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Inqubo yokukhiqiza isiphuzo sasendulo yenziwe yaba yesimanje, kepha ibhilidi ligcina isakhiwo salo esiyisisekelo, nezici zalo zokwakha, njengezindawo ezibanzi ezingaphezulu kwezinqwaba zokuvutshelwa, izigayo kanye nezitofu. Ngokunjalo, kungenzeka ukubabaza o-oveni bamatshe bokupheka i-maguey kanye noshimula bezitini ezindala. Amaqabunga amakhulu manje afika efektri ngezimoto, kepha usengaphefumula imvelo lapho ukuthuthwa kwenziwe khona ngeminyuzi.
16. Yini intshisekelo yeBhuloho iZaragoza?
Leli bhuloho elibanzi futhi elihle, lamaningana eReal de Catorce, lisendleleni eya emathuneni nasezinhlakeni ezindala, futhi liyindala kunazo zonke ePueblo Mágico. Udonga lwayo luthweswe umqhele ngezakhiwo ezingunxantathu kanti enkabeni yalo inebhentshi eliphakeme kanye nesiphetho esihle. Ibhuloho liphezu komhosha olahlekile phakathi kwezintaba zezintaba, unikeza imibono emihle.
17. Ngabe ikhona imizila yabavakashi enabaqhubi?
Edolobheni kukhona umfelandawonye obizwa ngeCaballerangos de Real de Catorce, ohola izivakashi ngemizila emithathu ethakazelisa kakhulu yaseSierra de Catorce, eyaseCerro Grande, eyePueblo Fantasma naleyo yeQuemado. Umzila weCerro Grande umile ezimayini zaseSan Agustín naseMilagros, emigedeni yeZapato naseLos Riscos naseGhost Town. Umzila okhethekile oya eGhost Town uhlanganisa ukuma emayini yasePurísima Concepción. IRuta del Quemado inendawo yayo yokugcina iCerro del Quemado. Uma ufuna ukwenza ukugibela okuyisidala, baqashe ngehhashi.
18. Yini ukubaluleka kweCerro El Quemado?
AbakwaWixárikas noma amaHuichols bakha iqembu lamaNdiya elivela eSierra Madre Occidental, elinye lamasiko okhokho balo ukusetshenziswa kwe-peyote, i-hallucinogenic cactus eyenzeka eMexico. Isikhungo esiyinhloko esingcwele sokuqoqwa kwe-peyote yiCerro El Quemado de Real de Catorce, "Indawo lapho ilanga liphuma khona" kubantu bomdabu. Kulokhu kuphakama kogwadule okubukeka njengomhlaba oshile, uhambo lokuya ezindaweni ezihlukene zemiphakathi yaseHuichol luyaphela, abaya lapho ukuxhumana nabonkulunkulu babo nokhokho babo.
19. Ibaluleke kangakanani indawo yokulondolozwa kweWirikuta?
Kuyindawo engcwele yamaHuichols, engamahektha angaba ngu-140,000 wokubhuka, izinhlobo zawo eziyinhloko zezimbali, ezingcwele kubantu bomdabu, yi-peyote, i-hallucinogenic cactus abayidla emikhosini yabo. I-Peyote isengozini yokuqothulwa futhi indawo yayo enkulu eMexico yiWirikuta. Ingxenye enhle yezimila nezilwane zaseWirikuta kudlangile, okusho ukuthi, kuhlala lapho kuphela, ngakho-ke kuyinhlobo esongelwayo lapho ukunyamalala kwabo kungaba yingozi esikweni lamaHuichol. IGolden Eagle, uphawu lwaseMexico, ingenye yezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu eWirikuta.
20. Bunjani ubuciko beHuichol?
Izinkulumo zobuciko zamaHuichols zinhle, njengezithombe noma amatafula wentambo, umkhiqizo wazo wobuciko owaziwa kakhulu futhi owaziwayo. Lezi yizibalo ezinemiklamo ehlaba umxhwele futhi enemibala, eyenziwe ngestamens ematafuleni ambozwe i-wax ne-resin. Yize ukunwetshwa kwamabhodi kwenziwe kwesimanje kusetshenziswa imicu yezentengiselwano nobuhlalu bezinhlobonhlobo zemibala, kusenokwenzeka ukuthola izingcezu eziyiqiniso, ezenzelwe izinhloso zomkhosi.
21. Ziyini izinganekwane ezisemqoka zedolobha?
Emhlabeni wezimayini zaseMexico kunenganekwane yesipoki, eReal de Catorce ebizwa nge-El Jergas. Uchazwa njengendoda ezinikela ngengubo yezimayini futhi inxenxa isisebenzi ukuthi sihambe naye siye endaweni engafinyeleleki, lapho isisebenzi sishiywa khona bese sitholwa ngabalingani baso, ngenxa yemikhondo eshiywe ngu-El Jergas endleleni. . Ochwepheshe bathi kusengabonakala u-El Jergas nesigqoko sakhe sokuzivikela nesibani sakhe sezimayini behamba ngomhubhe wase-Ogarrio beyofuna abavukuzi abangaqaphile. Enye inganekwane efisa ukwazi kaReal de Catorce yileyo kaLos Dos Bradencieros.
22. Injani inganekwane yeThe Two Brawlers?
Le nganekwane isitshela ukuthi uValentin noValente, abavukuzi ababili bakuleli dolobha, bahlala kuphela kusalindwe ukufika koMgqibelo bazodakwa nge-pulque. Kwesinye isikhathi lapho babedakwe kakhulu, baqala ingxabano futhi banquma ukulungisa lolu daba ngokulwa ngenqindi ngaphandle kwe-pulqueria. Njengoba kungekho noyedwa kubo owayekwazi ngisho ukushaya isibhakela, badonsa imimese yabo kwathi ngesikhathi begwazana, kwaqhamuka umlingiswa wabashaya ngentambo, okwenza baquleka. Ngemuva kokuvuka ebudakwa, bobabili bakhumbula ukuthi lo mlingisi wayebukeka njengoSanta Francis wase-Assisi futhi lapho beya ethempelini, babona ongcwele enomkhuba wakhe udabukile, okuthiwa ngukugwazwa ayenikwe khona.
23. Yini evelele ku-gastronomy yeReal de Catorce?
Ku-Real de Catorce ungadla ezinye izitsha ezimnandi kakhulu zePotosí cuisine. Phakathi kwezibiliboco eziyigugu kakhulu kubikwa izoso zomshado, inyama yengulube ephekwe nge-ancho chili; ama-enchiladas potosinas enziwe ngobhontshisi obusisiwe nopelepele obomvu; ama-cabochons nama-nopales ngotamatisi, u-anyanisi namakhambi anamakha. Iziphuzo ezijwayelekile yi-mead ne-colonche.
24. Ngingahlala kuphi?
I-Real de Catorce inamahhotela athile alula futhi athokomele, njenge-El Real, i-Ruinas del Real, i-El Rincón del Pintor, iShantiniketan - iMorada de Paz; kanye neHotel Real Bonanza. Izivakashi eziningi eziya eMagic Town zikhetha ukuhlala edolobheni eliseduze laseMatehuala, eliqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-61. kusuka kuReal de Catorce, lapho iHotel María Esther, iHotel Casa Real Matehuala neLas Palmas Midway Inn. Edolobheni laseCedral, amakhilomitha angama-35. kusuka kuReal de Catorce, yiHhotela Desierto.
25. Yiziphi izindawo zokudlela ezihamba phambili?
IMesón de la Abundancia, eseLanzagorta 11, inconywa ngama-pizza nama-pasta ayo. ICafé Azul, eLanzagorta 27, iphaka ama-crepes amnandi namakhekhe. I-Realbucks, nayo eseLanzagorta, inikeza ikhofi elihle kakhulu laseVeracruz, elinamaqebelengwane amnandi. I-Al Gusto yindlu yase-Italiya ese-Calle Lerdo de Tejada 3, ekhonza i-pasta esanda kwenziwa enambitheka eyiqiniso yase-Italy. Okunye ongakhetha kukho indawo yokudlela yase-Hotel El Real, Tolentino's ne-Restaurante Monterrey.
Siyethemba ukuthi uhambo lwakho olulandelayo oluya ebukekayo iReal de Catorce luzogcwala ngokuhlangenwe nakho ongakhohlwa nokuthi lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uzokwenza okuncane. Sizobonana maduze.
