ESierra de Temascaltepec, okuyisandiso seNevado de Toluca (intaba-mlilo i-Xinantécatl) nesinyathelo sokufinyelela ezweni elishisayo laseGuerrero, kunembiwa yamandulo, ebizwa ngeReal de Arriba, elala emhosheni wezimila ezichumayo.
Izindawo ezisezintabeni ezizungeze le ndawo zinamawa kodwa zinhle, zinezintaba zazo eziphakeme, imihosha ejulile, nemihosha emihle. Okuphakathi kwalezi zintaba kuqukethe igolide nesiliva. Umfula i-El Vado owela lo mphakathi omncane uzalelwa emagqumeni eNevado de Toluca, owaqalwa ukuncibilika kwentaba-mlilo; Kungumfula wokugeleza okungaguquki okwakha kamuva umsinga owodwa nomfula iTemascaltepec bese ugelezela eBalsas.
E-Real de Arriba, kuzalwa iziphethu ezine lapho kuphuma khona amanzi amasha nsuku zonke zonyaka. Utshani kule ndawo buyehluka kakhulu, kunezitshalo ezivela ezweni elibandayo nasezifundeni ezishisayo, futhi umhlaba wakhona uvundile kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokufika edolobheni ungabona izindunduma ezinkulu zobumba olubomvu, okuyisibuko impela.
Ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi, umhosha lapho iReal de Arriba namuhla ikhona yaziwa ngokuthi yiCacalostoc, okusho ukuthi "umhume wamagwababa". Lesi sifunda sasihlala abakwaMatlatzincas, ababekhonza uQuequezque, unkulunkulu womlilo. AbakwaMatlatzinas babeyizisulu zama-Aztec anolaka; eCacalostoc kwafa izinkulungwane zabo kwathi abasindile benziwa izigqila noma baboshwa ukuze kamuva banikelwe ukuhlonipha unkulunkulu wempi onegazi, uHuitzilopochtli.
Mangaki amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zama-matlatzincas abulawa kuyo yonke le mizabalazo eyadlula iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu! Bangaki abazobe besele beyizigqila neziboshwa futhi bangaki abanye abazobaleka ngaphambi kwempi esabekayo, bayocasha ezintabeni zaseNingizimu Afrika! Labo abasala bephila bekufanele bahloniphe uMoctezuma.
Ubukhazikhazi bezimayini
ECacalostoc igolide latholakala phansi emifantwini yentaba; abakwaMatlatzina kuqala nabama-Aztec kamuva benza ukumbiwa okungajulile ukukhipha insimbi namatshe ayigugu. Ngaleso sikhathi umfula i-El Vado wawuyintokozo, okungukuthi, indawo eyisihlabathi lapho imisinga yamanzi ibeka khona njalo izinhlayiya zegolide, ezahlukaniswa ngokuwashwa okulula. Umfula kwakuwukugeza kwegolide kwangempela. Kwakungowomdabu waseNdiya waseTexcalitlán, obizwa ngo-Adriano, owathi ngo-1555 waletha abaseSpain abahlanu ukuba bazofunda ngobuningi begolide esifundeni.
Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-16 (phakathi kuka-1570 no-1590), ngaleso sikhathi iReal de Arriba yasungulwa njengesinye sezifunda ezibaluleke kakhulu zezimayini zaseColony. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona izimayini ezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu ezazisebenza ngokugcwele, ezemindeni yaseSpain; Bangaphezu kwama-50 abaseSpain, izigqila ezingama-250, amaNdiya ayi-100 abaphathiswe wona nabavukuzi abangu-150 abasebenza lapho. Ekusebenzeni kwalo, le minerali yayidinga izigayo ezingama-386 ukuze kuhlomule insimbi ekhishiwe, ikakhulukazi igolide nesiliva, kanye nezinye izinsimbi ezingabalulekile kangako. Ngenxa yokwanda kweReal de Arriba, kwasungulwa amanye amadolobha aKhathekizimu, njengeValle de Bravo neTemascaltepec.
Phakathi nekhulu le-17, iReal de Arriba yaqhubeka nokuba ngesinye sezifunda zezimayini ezithandwa kakhulu eNew Spain; Ngaleso sikhathi, kwasungulwa izihambi, izigayo zensimbi kanye namahhashi ahlinzeka ngokudla okudingekayo ukuze izimayini ziqhubeke nokusebenza.
Ubukhazikhazi bezimayini buqhubekile phakathi nekhulu le-18, kwabe sekwakhiwa ithempeli iReal de Arriba, elinomnyango weBaroque ezigabeni ezimbili kanye nomnyango wokungena we-arch oyindilinga, okokugcina intambo yayo ihlotshisiwe. Ohlangothini ngalunye lomnyango wokungena kunezitishi ezimbili ze-pilasters, isici sesitayela seChurrigueresque. Ithempeli line-nave eyodwa, futhi ngaphakathi kukhona i-altare eliwubukhazikhazi ngokhuni oluqoshiwe nolubaziweyo, okugqame kulo isiphambano neVirgen de los Dolores. Leli thempeli elihle lama-baroque, ebelibukeka lilihle ngezikhathi zobuningi bezimayini, namuhla limi lodwa, njengomprofethi osekhulile owayehleli ejikeni lomgwaqo okhumbula ubukhazikhazi obudlule futhi ohamba nabantu bakhe ngokwethembeka yedwa.
Ukwehla kwegolide
Ngesikhathi sokuzimela kwafika ukwehla kokuqala kwamaminerali, kwathi phakathi nekhulu le-19 lonke abantu abaningi kwadingeka bashiye idolobha ngenxa yokuntuleka komsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sikaGeneral Santa Anna, futhi kamuva nangesikhathi sePorfiriato, uhulumeni wanikeza imvume eyahlukahlukene ezinkampanini zaseBrithani nezaseMelika zokuxhashazwa kwezimayini, ezafaka impilo entsha kuReal de Arriba; izimayini ezikhiqize igolide nesiliva yilezo zaseMagdalena, Gachupinas, Quebradillas, El Socorro, La Guitarra ne-Albarrada.
Ngo-1900, ukukhiqizwa kwegolide okuvela ezimayini zase-El Rincón, Mina Vieja, San Antonio naseSanta Ana kwanda ngenxa yokufika kwenhlokodolobha yamaNgisi, okwakuletha ubuchwepheshe obusha bokukhishwa kwensimbi. Ngo-1912 lesi sifunda saphazanyiswa kakhulu ngabakwaZapatista, kanti iReal kwakuyindawo yezimpi ezinegazi, kodwa ekupheleni kwenguquko abasebenzi bezimayini babuyela ezimayini.
Cishe ngo-1940, izimo ezahlukahlukene zabangela ukuxhashazwa kwezimayini kwehle ngokuphelele. Izimayini iReal de Arriba zavalwa, kwathi abahlali ababengenawo umhlaba kwadingeka bashiye indawo. Ubuningi bamanzi nokunotha komhlaba kwavumela umphakathi ukuthi ube ezolimo ngokuphelele futhi uthuthukise ukuhweba neTemascaltepec neToluca.
Real kusuka ngenhla namuhla
Njengamanje kuleli dolobha elihehayo kunesikwele esihle esinekhiyoski yaso futhi nezinsika zezindlu zayo ezindala ezidwetshiwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene, okuyinika umbala ogqamile. Izindlela zalo nezindlu zalo ezindala kodwa ezinakekelwa kahle, zisibuyisela emuva kokwedlule, esimweni sokuthula nokuzola. Kusekhona isigayo esidala lapho ungabona khona imishini elethwe amaNgisi ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka. Epulazini lokuhlomulisa iLa Providencia, elaziwa nangokuthi i-El Polvorín, izindonga zalo eziningi zisasele, zilunguza phakathi kohlaza olukhulu.
Emizuzwini embalwa ukusuka kuleli dolobha kunamanxiwa alokho okwakuyimayini ebaluleke kunazo zonke e-El Real: e-El Rincón. Lapha, namanje ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, kwakukhona ingqalasizinda enkulu yezimayini enezakhiwo eziningi, i-funicular nemibhoshongo yayo, izindlu zabavukuzi, njalonjalo. Namuhla kunezindonga namatshe ambalwa asitshela ngale bonanza endala.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwathiwa ngaye: “Imishini esetshenziswe kule mayini ingeyesimanjemanje, futhi inkampani enamandla engumnikazi wayo ayikhiphanga zindleko zokuyifaka… Iminyango ehlukahlukene yensimbi ikhanyiswa kahle ngokukhanya. incandescent… Imithambo ecebile yesiliva negolide yase-El Rincón kungekudala yenze izingxoxo zaba nodumo. Futhi kunenzuzo enkulu ukuthi izimayini ezimbalwa zinayo, yokuba eceleni kwayo inzuzo yayo inikezwe kahle konke okudingekayo ... UMnu Bullock, umvukuzi ohambahambayo waseNgilandi, waletha imishini yokuqala yokuhambisa umnyuzi emuva, ukusiza ezinhlobonhlobo umsebenzi onzima kakhulu ezimayini iReal de Arriba, okungenzeka ukuthi enye yazo, imayini eyaziwa kakhulu i-El Rincón ”.
Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu kudlondlobala kwezobuchwepheshe, obunye ubufakazi besikhathi busitshela ngesimo sabavukuzi: “Abashanela imigwaqo, abalayishi, abezokuvakasha nabanye abasizwanga ukwakha amadolobha abo, noma ukuba nenduduzo emakhaya abo… isisulu esilula phakathi kwabavukuzi abadabukile nababulawa yindlala ... Abavukuzi ekuseni behlela ku-winch ngejubane elibulalayo ukuze bazingcwabe emiphandeni nasemigodini yensimbi eshidi. Umsebenzi womvukuzi wawubuhlungu kakhulu kangangokuthi isifiso sakhe kwakungeyona enye ngaphandle kokuthatha i-winch yokwenyuka ukuze abe nomndeni wakhe ”.
Emangcwabeni kusagcinwa isonto lokuqala langekhulu le-18 kanye namanye ama-tambas kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Emaphethelweni edolobha kunesakhiwo se-neoclassical esivela ngekhulu le-18 elinezinto ze-neo-Gothic, ithempeli laseSan Mateo Almoloya. Lapho ungena eReal de Arriba, weqa ibhuloho iLa Hoz, lapho kwakukhona khona uqwembe olubhalwe ukuthi: "1934-1935 Lane rincón Mines Inc." lusikhumbuza ukuthi kusukela kuleyo 1555 ekude, ngenkathi iNdiya laseTexcaltitlán liletha abaseSpain abahlanu Ukuxhashazwa okunonya kwaleli zwe kwaqala egazini labakwaMatlatzincas abenzelwe umhlatshelo kunkulunkulu uHuitzilopochtli, kwathatha iminyaka engama-400 ukuthi laba babethathiwe baqede izibilini zaleli zwe elihle neliphanayo.
UMA UZOVUSA
Ukusuka eToluca, thatha umgwaqo omkhulu wesifundazwe no. 134 kuya eTemascaltepec (90 km), futhi ukusuka kuleli dolobha kunomgwaqo owubhuqu cishe wama-10 km oholela eReal de Arriba. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuchitha izinsuku ezimbalwa lapha, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlale eTemascaltepec, ngoba eReal de Arriba azikho izingqalasizinda zehhotela noma izindawo zokudlela.
