AmaToltecs aseTula eza ukubusa enkabeni yeMexico ngemuva kokwehla kwe- Teotihuacan, basinika ama-Atlanteans abo, manje asebusa umkhathizwe ngokubukeka kwabo okunolaka njengamaqhawe amakhulu.
Yini intshisekelo ye-Archaeological Zone of Tula?
Idolobha laseTollan-Xicocotitlan, elaziwa kangcono ngokuthi iTula, laliyinhloko-dolobha yombuso waseToltec futhi lafinyelela esicongweni salo ngokwakhiwa kweTula Grande ngesikhathi sokuqala kwePostclassic.
Ukuhlala kwangaphambi kweSpanishi kwe- Tula Yasungulwa cishe ngekhulu lesibili leminyaka, lapho iTeotihuacán isiqala ukulahlekelwa yithonya futhi ngesikhathi leli dolobha lizoba amandla amakhulu enkabeni yeMexico.
UTula waqala ukwehla cishe ngekhulu le-12, kepha wabusa umzila wezohwebo waseMesoamerican owawunenzuzo amakhulu eminyaka.
Njengobufakazi bamandla kaTula, indawo yayo yokuvubukula yahlala, lapho iPhiramidi laseTlahuizcalpantecuhtli, i-Atlantes edumile neBurned Palace kugqame khona.
Itholakala kuphi iTula futhi ngifika kanjani kusayithi?
Indawo yokuvubukula itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yesifundazwe saseHidalgo, kumasipala waseTula de Allende, eyingxenye yeTula National Park.
I-Tula de Allende itholakala ku-97 km ukusuka eMexico City. Ukuya eTula kusuka ku- DF Kufanele uthathe umgwaqo omkhulu u-57 bese ungena emgwaqeni ongamakhilomitha angama-77, ulibangise edolobheni oya kulo.
UDefeños angazi isayithi ngokuhamba ngezithuthi zomphakathi eziya eTula de Allende, bese ethathwa enkabeni yedolobha ngebhasi eliya ngase-Actopan, Iturbe noma eSanta Ana, elima lapho kungenwa khona indawo yokuvubukula. Ithikithi lokungena kusayithi libiza ngama-65 MXN.
Wakhula kanjani uTula?
Isakhiwo sokuqala esakhiwa kwakunguTula Chico, obufakazi bakhe bokuqala obabhalwa ngekhulu lesibili leminyaka, ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuqala.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuba khona, ithonya likaTula lalilinganiselwe futhi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesishiyagalolunye idolobha lashiywa, inqubo eyasheshiswa ngochungechunge lwemililo.
Isikhathi segolide sasizofika ku-Early Postclassic noTula Grande, idolobha elakhiwa amaToltec ekhiqiza iTula Chico ngezinga elikhulu, kepha hhayi endaweni efanayo.
Ngalesi sigaba, iTula laguqulwa laba idolobha elinezinhlanga eziningi elalinezakhamizi ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-50 kanti amaToltec ayephethe ukuhweba ngofulawa oluluhlaza osenyakatho yeMesoamerica, izitsha zobumba zaseNicoya, zivela endaweni ekude kangako, okumanje okuyingxenye kusuka eCosta Rica; nokumakethwa kukalamula, umkhiqizo osetshenziswa ekwakheni nasekuphekeni.
AmaToltec nawo abephethe ukuhweba nge-basalt ne-rhyolite evela eMagoni, i-obsidian exhaphazwe eSierra de las Navajas, eVeracruz ceramics, ukhokho waseChiapas naseGuatemala yanamuhla, i-onyx evela UPuebla nenyoka yomfula iBalsas River.
Yini eyayilondolozwe eTula Chico?
I-nucleus yokuqala yaseTula kwakuyindawo encane yokuhlala engaba amakhilomitha ayisithupha2 umphezulu, owakhiwe ngamadoda athonywe amasiko abantu besifunda saseNyakatho yeMesoamerican.
Amanxiwa amakhulu agcinwe eTula Chco yi-East Pyramid ne-West Pyramid, esendaweni ebizwa ngeNyakatho Platform.
KuPlatform yaseNyakatho kukhona namanxiwa eHholo leHypostyle, izindawo ezifulelwe ngobuciko bangaphambi kweSpanishi, elisekelwa inani elikhulu lamakholomu.
Emakamelweni eNyakatho naseMpumalanga Amapulatifomu kunochungechunge lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezimele abalingiswa abasezingeni eliphezulu bakaTula Chico abawela empini.
- Umhlahlandlela ocacile ku-Saint Martin wamaphiramidi
Yini eyalondolozwa kusuka eTula Grande?
ITula Grande iqhakambisa iPhiramidi laseTlahuizcalpantecuhtli, i-Atlantes, iSigodlo Sokushisa kanye neCoatepantli. Unkulunkulu uTlahuizcalpantecuhtli, ogama lakhe eliyinkimbinkimbi elisho ukuthi "Lord of the Dawn Star" ukubonakaliswa kweQuetzalcóatl njengeplanethi iVenus noma inkanyezi yasekuseni.
IPyramid yaseTlahuizcalpantecuhtli iyinkundla lapho kunezinhlu ezithile zama-pilasters namakholamu ezinhlobonhlobo phakathi kwawo okuvezwa khona ama-Atlanteans aseTula adumile.
Ama-pilasters, atholakala ngemuva kwama-Atlanteans, anezethulo ezibhekise ekulweni kukaQuetzalcóatl nembangi yakhe enamandla, uTezcatlipoca, kuyilapho amakholomu ezinhlobonhlobo ekhombisa ukuhlobisa ngenyoka enezimpiko.
Ayini ama-Atlanteans?
Lezi zibalo ezi-4 ezinkulu zabantu abalingana "yizinhlamvu" ezaziwa kakhulu eTula. Zakhiwa amaToltec ngamabhulokhi e-basalt ahlanganisiwe futhi afinyelela ukuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-4.5.
Ama-Atlanteans awukubonakaliswa kweQuetzalcóatl njenge “nkanyezi yasekuseni” lapho unkulunkulu evela khona egqoke isosha leToltec, egqoke isivikelo sesifuba sovemvane, imicibisholo, i-atlatl noma umjikijeli womkhonto, ummese wensengetsha nesikhali esigobile esigcwele amaToltec. .
Abase-Atlanteans bathola igama labo ngoba basebenza njengezinsika zethempeli elaligqokisa iPhiramidi laseTlahuizcalpantecuhtli.
- Izinto eziyi-15 okufanele uzenze futhi uzibone ku-Oaxtepec
Injani iPalacio Quemado?
Lesi sakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, esifana ngokuphawulekayo neSigodlo Samakholomu eChichén Itzá, sathola igama laso kumvubukuli uJorge Acosta, ngenxa yezinkomba ezisobala zokuthi sachithwa umlilo onamandla.
Naphezu kwegama laso njengesigodlo, ubufakazi bukhombisa ukuthi kwakungeyona indawo yokuhlala inkosi, kepha kunalokho isakhiwo sokuphatha lapho kwakudingidwa khona izindaba zepolitiki zedolobha laseTula.
Isiphetho sangaphambilini sivela ochungechungeni lwemigwaqo eseceleni kwemigwaqo egudle umkhawulo wamakamelo 1 no-2, akhombisa ukuthi kwakuyindawo yomhlangano yomkhandlu omkhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi imikhandlu ibakhiwe ngabantu abasezingeni eliphezulu ngoba izitulo zikhumbuza abakwa-teoicpalli, ababeyizihlalo zobukhosi.
Yini iCoatepantli?
ICoatepantli noma i- "Wall of the Serpents" kwakuwudonga oluzungeze umngcele ongcwele weTula, lawo amanye amanxiwa agcinwe kuwo, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni engemuva yePhiramidi laseTlahuizcalpantecuhtli, elihlukanisa neNkantolo 1 yenkantolo yebhola. .
Udonga luhlotshiswe ngochungechunge lwezinyoka ezinamathambo emihlathi yazo kanye nokukhululeka kwama-jaguar nezinkozi kungabonakala, izilwane ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezempi empilweni yangaphambi kweSpanishi nezinganekwane.
Inkantolo 1 yenkundla yebhola eseduze neCoatepantli iyona ebilondolozwe kahle eTula.
Udonga lokuvikela indawo ebiyelwe kwakuyindlela yokwakha eyethulwe amaToltec ekuhlelweni kwedolobha laseTula, okwakuzokopishwa kamuva ngamanye amadolobha.
- Izindawo eziyi-15 zezivakashi zaseMorelos
Kungani uTula enqabile?
Maphakathi nekhulu le-12, uTula waqala ukwehla ngenxa yezingxabano zangaphakathi zabezempi nabezenkolo kanye nokuhlaselwa kwaseMexico.
Imililo, ubufakazi bayo obubonakalayo emanxiweni eSigodlo Esishisiwe, yaba nomthelela ekwehleni kancane kwedolobha elinamandla laseToltec, kwaze kwaba yilapho kubekwa umthetho wama-Aztec.
Ngemuva kokuwa kombuso wedolobha laseTula, amaToltecs alondoloze izimpilo zawo afudukela kwezinye izifunda, ezinjengeCulhuacán, lapho asungula khona imanor ebalulekile.
Yikuphi okunye okuhehayo okukhona eTula de Allende?
Ngaphandle kwendawo yemivubukulo, okuyigugu layo eliyinhloko, eTula de Allende kukhona iqoqo lezinto zokwakha, imnyuziyamu nezobuciko, ezivumela usuku lonke lokuvakasha.
ITula Cathedral ekuqaleni kwakuyisonto lesigodlo saseFranciscan esakhiwa ngekhulu le-16. Ithempeli lifana nenqaba futhi ngaphakathi kune-triptych ebhekise ekushunyayelweni kwesifunda.
IJorge R. Acosta Archaeological Museum ihambela inhlangano yezepolitiki, ubuciko, izinto zobumba kanye nezinye izici zempilo yamaToltec futhi ibuye ibukeze nenqubo yocwaningo yendawo yokuvubukula.
Igumbi Lomlando laseQuetzalcóatl ngenye indawo enentshisekelo eTula de Allende, lapho kukhonjiswa khona iqoqo laphakade lezingcezu zemivubukulo, kubuye kube nemiboniso yesikhashana.
Enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini evulekile yaseTula uzothola udonga oluqoshiwe Tula waphakade, umsebenzi wobuciko womculi uJuan Pablo Patiño Cornejo.
Ngingahlala kuphi eTula de Allende?
Ihhotela iReal del Bosque, eliseCerrada Jarandas 122, liyisikhungo esinakho konke okudingayo ukuze uphumule kahle ngemuva kokuvakashela indawo yemivubukulo nezinye izindawo onentshisekelo kuzo eTula.
ECalzada Melchor Ocampo 200 enkabeni yeTula de Allende kunehhotela iLizbeth, indawo yokuhlala eyaziwa ngokuhlanzeka kwayo nangezikhungo okumele ilungiselele kuzo ukudla.
Ihhotela iQuinta Bella Boutique, elise-Avenida Norte 7, liyindawo emnandi, ephethwe ngobungani abasebenzi bayo.
Ezinye izinketho zokuhlala eTula de Allende yiBest Western Real Tula Express, iHotel Cuéllar, iHotel Real Catedral neHhotela Sharon.
- Amahhotela ayishumi ahamba phambili esabelomali eSan Miguel De Allende
Ungincoma ukuthi ngidle kuphi?
KuQuetzalcóatl Tourist Walkway kuneLas Mesitas Alimentos Artesanal, indawo enezitsha zaseMexico, emnandi kakhulu futhi inomhlobiso omibalabala. Iyadunyiswa nge-tampiqueña yayo, ukhilimu wommbila nama-enchiladas, ngezinongo ezinhle namanani entengo afanele.
IBistro 23, etholakala ku-km 5 yomgwaqo omkhulu weTula - San Marcos, iyindawo ethokomele kakhulu enezinyama ezinhle kakhulu.
IDon Goyo Restaurant, esemgwaqweni omkhulu weTula - Huehuetoca, iphaka ukudla okujwayelekile futhi yaziwa kahle ngama-escamoles, i-barbecue nama-mixiotes ayo.
Ungaya futhi ukuyodla e-El Molino Rojo, eDon Mauri, eChez Moi Tula, eSazón Tolteca, eLas Cazuelas naseLos Negritos.
Siyethemba ukuthi maduze nje usungaya ubabaze ama-Atlanteans ahlaba umxhwele nezinye izinto ezithokozisayo zeTula. Sizokubona maduzane ngokunye ukuhamba okuhle.
Qhubeka ufunde izindatshana zethu bese uthola eminye imininingwane ngohambo lwakho oluya eMexico!:
- TOP 8 Amadolobha Omlingo waseMichoacán
- UMnyuziyamu Kazwelonke We-Anthropology waseMexico City: Umhlahlandlela Ocacile
- Inbursa Aquarium: Umhlahlandlela Ocacile
