O izinsimbi zeSan Blas, ngeze uvusa okwedlule futhi! Okwedlule kuhlala kuyisithulu esicelweni sakho, kushiya izithunzi zasebusuku umhlaba ugoqela ukukhanya: ukusa kuphuma noma kuphi.
"Hawu izinsimbi zeSan Blas, akusizi ngalutho ukuvusa okwedlule! Okwedlule kuhlala kuyisithulu emthandazweni wakho, kushiya izithunzi zasebusuku umhlaba ugoqeleka ubheke ekukhanyeni: ukusa kuphuma noma kuphi."
UHenry Wadworth Longfellow, ngo-1882
Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule yekhulu le-18, umhambi, owayevela enhlokodolobha yaseNew Spain, washiya idolobha laseTepic elibhekise ethekwini laseSan Blas, wayazi ukuthi kuleyo ngxenye yokugcina yohambo wayengeke abe nengozi.
Emgwaqeni wobukhosi, ogcwele amatshe omfula namagobolondo ama-oyster, ikalishi laqala ukwehla lisuka ezigodini ezivundile ezihlwanyelwe ngogwayi, umoba nobhanana kuya ethafeni elincane elisogwini. Indawo esatshwayo ngenxa yemiphumela emibi eyabangelwa yila maxhaphozi empilweni "yabantu basemhlabeni."
Lo mgwaqo wawudlula kuphela ngenkathi eyomile, kusuka ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi, ngoba ezimvuleni amandla okugeleza kwezizalukazi ayehudula imishayo ebomvu yemisedari eyayisebenza njengamabhuloho.
Ngokusho kwabaqeqeshi, ngezikhathi zemvula, ngisho nangezinyawo kwakungaseyona indlela eyingozi.
Ukwenza isifundo singabi buhlungu kangako, kwakukhona okuthunyelwe okune ezindaweni ezikude: iTrapichillo, i-El Portillo, iNavarrete ne-El Zapotillo. Bekuyizindawo lapho ubungathenga khona amanzi nokudla, ulungise isondo, ushintshe amahhashi, uzivikele engcupheni yabaphangi, noma ulale ubusuku emiseleni yebajareque nemithi yesundu kuze kube ukukhanya kokusa okunikeze umhlahlandlela wokuqhubeka.
Lapho bewela ibhuloho leshumi, abagibeli bazithela emafulethini kasawoti eZapotillo; isisetshenziswa semvelo, ubukhulu becala, esenze ukuthi kube khona ukuvela kwesisekelo semikhumbi yempi yasolwandle. Yize ukuxhashazwa kukasawoti kwakubonwe amaligi amaningi edlule, eBandleni lamaHuaristemba, lawa kwakungamadiphozithi acebe kakhulu, yingakho izindawo zokugcina inkosi zazikhona lapha. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, bekungeke kube yinto engajwayelekile ukuthi impempe ende ilindele ukuhlangana nabashayeli beminyuzi abathi, eminyuzi, baphathe imithwalo yabo emhlophe baya eTepic.
Ukuba khona kwemihlambi emincane yezinkomo nezimbuzi, okungezinye zezikhulu zenkampani engaguquki, kumemezele ukuthi iCerro de la Contaduría maduze izoqala ukukhuphuka. Phezulu, umgwaqo wasebukhosini waguqulwa waba ngumgwaqo onemithambeka emikhulu, enqunywe izindlu ezinezindonga zokhuni nophahla lwesundu, ohlangothini olusenyakatho yesifunda saseNuestra Señora del Rosario La Marinera esiholele esigcawini esikhulu.
ISan Blas "yayiyindawo eqinile" yebutho lobukhosi bakhe. Yize ubizo lwempi lokuzivikela lwalunamandla, futhi kwakuyisikhungo sokuphatha nedolobha elivulekile okwathi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka lakha umsebenzi obalulekile wezomthetho noma wokufihla. Ngasentshonalanga, isikwele esikhulu saklanywa yindlunkulu; enyakatho naseningizimu ngezindlu zamatshe nezitini, eziphethwe yizikhulu ezinkulu nabathengisi; nasempumalanga ngezinyawo zomkhumbi wesonto.
Ku-esplanade, ngaphansi kwama-palapas, izigqoko zesundu, izimbiza zobumba, izithelo zomhlaba, izinhlanzi nenyama eyomisiwe zathengiswa; Kodwa-ke, lesi sikhala sasemadolobheni sibuye sasebenzela ukubuyekeza amabutho nokuhlela umphakathi lapho ababukeli, abemi unomphela ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingasogwini, bebona ukuba khona koseyili bezitha futhi nezibuko zinikeza isignali okuvunyelwene ngayo.
Ikalishi laliyoqhubeka, ngaphandle kokuma nhlobo, lize liphambi kwehhovisi elibhekele ukubalwa kwezimali ethekwini, elalicishe libe semaphethelweni ewa elibhekene nolwandle iPacific Ocean, leli bhilidi lamatshe kwakuyikomkhulu leziphathimandla zamasosha nezomphakathi ezaziphethe ukuphatha konke uMnyango. Lapho, umphathi wempi wayezobanakekela laba abafikayo; wayezothola iziyalo ze-viceroy kanye nezincwadi; futhi uma ebenenhlanhla yokubekwa ukuze akhokhele amasosha akhe.
Egcekeni lokuhamba, ama-costaleros ayezothula imikhiqizo okwakuthi ngethuba lokuqala izothunyelwa emishini nasezikhungweni ezisogwini eCalifornias, ibathathe, okwamanje, bay echwebeni elenzelwe ukugcinwa.
Ehlangothini olusenyakatho lwehhovisi lokubalwa kwezimali ethekwini, umgwaqo oholela eSan Blas "osuka ngezansi", osebeni lomfula i-El Pozo, lapho ababazi bomzimba we-maestranza nokusika izinkuni, abadobi kanye nenzalo ababoshiwe okwathi ngo-1768 bakhonza njengabahlali abaphoqelelwe endaweni entsha eyayihlelwe isivakashi uJosé Bernardo de Gálvez Gallardo kanye nommeli uCarlos Francisco de Croix.
ICerro de la Contaduría kwakuyindawo yamaqembu ayephethe futhi izindawo zasogwini ezindala zazishiyelwa amadoda okwathi, ngenxa yemisebenzi yawo, adinga ukuhlala eduze nendawo yetheku noma angaziwa ukuqashwa kwamasosha. Ubusuku, ngaphezu kokutholwa kwamabutho, kusebenze, ngokukhanya kwezibani zikawoyela, ukwenza ukushushumbisa okusebenzayo nokuvakashela amathabhu "ngezansi".
ISan Blas yayiyitheku eligelezayo, ngoba abashayeli bezindiza abalethwe bevela eVeracruz babecabanga ukuthi i-El Pozo izokwazi ukuvikela izikebhe eziningana, zombili ezenzakalweni zamagagasi, nasekungenelweni yizigebengu, ngoba umlomo womfula wawungavikeleka kalula ukwedlula lonke ubude be-bay. Okungeke kwaziwe ekuhlolweni okubukwayo ukuthi phansi kwalesi siteshi semvelo kuyasilika futhi, ngesikhathi esifushane, amabhange anesihlabathi amele ingozi enkulu yokuhamba. Imikhumbi yasolwandle olujulile yehlulekile ukungena ethekwini, kwadingeka ukuthi ihange ngamakheli amaningana olwandle oluvulekile futhi ilayishe bese ithula ngemikhumbi emincane.
Lawomabhange anesihlabathi afanayo abelusizo olukhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokuthwebula isikebhe somkhumbi: besizakala ngomfula omkhulu, wabambeka echwebeni lapho amanzi ehla, ngamandla amadoda amaningi, ancika phezu kwabanye yalawa makhaya ukwethula ukudonswa kukhulelwe itiyela noma itiyela emabhodini ohlaka lwangaphandle, okwathi kamuva lwahlanganiswa; lapho isigaba sesiqediwe satshekela kolunye uhlangothi.
Amagceke emikhumbi eSan Blas awasebenzelanga nje kuphela ukugcina imikhumbi yoMqhele waseSpain, kepha futhi andise nemikhumbi yawo. Amagreyidi enziwe ngokhuni abekwa osebeni lapho kwakuklanywe khona umzimba, okwadingeka ukuthi ushibilikiswe, ngemisele eyayimbiwe esihlabathini, iye emanzini lapho kubekwa khona i-arboring. Emhlabeni, ngaphansi kwezinkuni nemipheme yesundu, amakhosi ahlukene aqondisa ukomiswa nokusikwa kwezinkuni; ukuphonsa amahange, izinsimbi nezipikili; ukulungiswa kwetiyela kanye nefindo lentambo. Konke ngenhloso efanayo: ukwethula i-frigate entsha.
Ukuze kuvikelwe ukungena kwetheku, eCerro del Vigía, kwakhiwa “isigodlo sokungena” ukuze kuvikelwe ukungena echwebeni iSan Cristóbal. EPunta El Borrego kwakhiwa ibhethri; ugu oluphakathi kwawo womabili amaphuzu lwaluzogadwa ngezinqaba ezintantayo. Uma kwenzeka kuhlaselwa okuseduze, ibhilidi elibhekele ukubhalwa kwezimali, ematharini alo, bekunezinkanunu ezilungele ukudubula. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokubiyelwa, kwakungumuzi obiyelwe.
Akuzona zonke izitha ezavela olwandle: inani labantu lavezwa ubhadane oluhlala njalo lwe-yellow fever kanye ne-tabardillo, ekulunyukisweni okuqhakazile kwamabutho omiyane, ukufutheka kweziphepho, ukwenza imililo ejwayelekile eyenziwe umbani obangelwe ophahleni. kanye nesisusa senzuzo sabathengisi be "bayuquero" ababekwazi kahle ukuncika ngokweqile ekunikezelweni kwangaphandle. Ibutho eligulayo, elingaqeqeshiwe, elingahlomile kahle futhi eligqoke inyufomu lachitha usuku lonke ludakiwe.
Njengamanye amachweba eNew Spain, iSan Blas yabhekana nokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwabantu: inani elikhulu labasebenzi laqashwa emagcekeni emikhumbi lapho kuhlanganiswa umkhumbi; "amatilosi" ahlangana esikhungweni semikhumbi lapho uhambo oluya eSan Lorenzo Nootka seluzothatha uhambo ngomkhumbi; Amayunithi ezempi asendleleni ahlanganisa amaphuzu aqinile lapho kunengozi yokuhlaselwa; abathengi beza lapho usawoti usuvele usezinqolobaneni.
Futhi abakholwayo, amasosha kanye nabahloli bamazwe badlula baya edolobhaneni lasegqumeni ngenkathi bezoshiya uhambo lwangezikhathi oluya eSan Francisco, San Diego, Monterrey, La Paz, Guaymas noma eMazatlán. Ukuhlala uhamba phakathi kokuphithizela kombukiso wezohwebo nokuthula kokushiywa.
Umthombo: IMexico ngesikhathi # 25 Julayi / Agasti 1998
