Amadoda nabesifazane abaningi basebenzela iNguquko yaseMexico, kepha le mpi yayihlomile eyayinabalingisi abaqinile ababenquma inkambo nomphumela wayo.
Sazise kule ndatshana ukuthi obani abalingiswa abaphambili beNguquko yaseMexico.
1. UPorfirio Díaz
UPorfirio Díaz wayengumongameli waseMexico kusukela ngo-1876, ebusa izwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Kwakuyinjongo yakhe ukuqhubeka njengomholi wezwe unomphela okwadala ukuqala kwenguquko.
Sekukonke kunamagama ayisikhombisa aqhubekayo kamongameli lapho uDíaz ahola khona isizwe, uhulumeni owaziwa ngokuthi "u-El Porfiriato", amandla akhe angaveli ekuthembeni kwabavoti, kodwa emandleni nasekungabini nabulungisa.
Amandla Omthetho ahlala ephethwe yiSigungu Esiphezulu, kuyilapho amajaji oMthetho Wezobulungiswa ayengabameli bezinqumo zikaMongameli.
Abaphathi bezifundazwe zeRiphabhulikhi baqokwa nguDíaz futhi baqoka iziphathimandla zikamasipala nezinhlangano zombuso.
2. UFrancisco I. Madero
Ngemuva kokudingiswa kwakhe, uFrancisco Madero wasungula uhlelo "lukaPlan de San Luis", uhlelo lukahulumeni olwalunomgomo wokukhuthaza abantu ukuthi bathathe izikhali balwe ne "Porfiriato" ngoNovemba 20, 1910.
UMadero uvele njengomuntu ozongenela ukhetho lwangonyaka ofanayo ne-Anti-reelection Party, ngenhloso yokuzama ukuvimbela isikhathi esisha sikamongameli sikaPorfirio Díaz ngokhetho.
Ukuvukela kwakhe kwaba yimbangela yenqubo yezinguquko yaseMexico futhi ngasikhathi sinye imbangela yokuboshwa kwakhe nokuxoshwa kwakhe ezweni.
Kwakusekudingisweni lapho aphetha khona ukuthi kuphela ngomzabalazo odumile lapho izinguquko ezazilangazelelwa yiMexico zifinyelelwa khona. Ngakho-ke wasungula uhlelo lweSan Luis.
UMadero wasukuma waba ngumongameli ngenxa yempumelelo yenguquko ka-1911-1913, kepha uhulumeni wakhe akakwazanga ukuqinisekisa nokulawula abaholi abanohlonze bensimu.
Lo mlingiswa wenguquko wacindezelwa yi-United States kanye namaqembu alwela izwe, aqala ukukhashelwa abulawa nguFrancisco Huerta, ongomunye wojenene bakhe ababemethemba.
UFrancisco Madero wayeyindoda eqotho eyayifuna inqubekela phambili yaseMexico nokushintshwa kukahulumeni, kepha abamvumelanga ukuthi afeze izinhloso zakhe.
3. Izelamani zakwa-Flores Magón
Abafowethu baseFlores Magón baqala ukwenza izinguquko phakathi kuka-1900 no-1910. Babesebenza emkhakheni wezepolitiki nowezokuxhumana ngenhlangano elwa noFrancisco Madero.
Ngo-1900 bakha i-Regeneración, iphephandaba ngokuyalelwa yinhlangano evukelayo. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, abafowethu uRicardo no-Enrique bashicilela i- “El Hijo del Ahuizote”, umsebenzi owabafaka ejele nokwaholela ekuxoshweni kwabo ezweni ngo-1904.
Ukuqala kwabo njengezintatheli ezingavumelani nokuphikisana nohulumeni wasePorfirio Díaz kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1893 nephephandaba i "El Democrata."
Umqondo nemibono ebucayi efakwe nguTeodoro Flores, ubaba wabazalwane baseFlores Magon, ibaphendule baba ngabashisekeli abanohlonze ababelana ngemibono yabantu bomdabu, nemibono eqhubekayo yezazi zefilosofi zaseYurophu kanye nesiko laseMexico lokulwela inkululeko. .
4.Victoriano Huerta
UVictoriano Huerta uthathwa yizazi-mlando eziningi njengamandla okukhaphela uMongameli Madero, nawo aqeda ngempilo yakhe.
UHuerta wangena eMilitary College yaseChapultepec lapho aqeda khona ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe njenge-lieutenant ngo-1876.
Wayevelele ekusebenzeni kwamabalazwe kazwelonke iminyaka eyi-8 futhi ezikhathini zamuva zePorfiriato wayesondele ekuthengisweni, ukwethembeka, ukubanjwa nezivumelwano zezici zezombusazwe zikahulumeni.
Ujenene, u-Ignacio Bravo, wamyala ukuba acindezele amaNdiya aseMayan enhlonhlweni yaseYucatan ngo-1903; isikhathi esithile kamuva wenza okufanayo namaNdiya aseYaqui, esifundazweni saseSonora. Akakaze abonge uzalo lwakhe lomdabu.
Ngesikhathi sikaMadero, wayelwa nabaholi bezolimo, u-Emiliano Zapata noPascual Orozco.
I-Victoriano Huerta inendawo ephikisanayo emlandweni we-Revolution yaseMexico ngokukhaphela uMadero kanye nayo, amathemba amaMexico kahulumeni wanamuhla futhi oqhubekayo.
5. Emiliano Zapata
U-Emiliano Zapata ungomunye wabalingiswa abadume kakhulu boMbhikisho WaseMexico omele iningi labantu abampofu, abalimi, nabantu abathobekile abanemfundo yesikole encane.
I- "Caudillo del Sur" ibihlala izinikele ekwabiweni komhlaba ngokulingana futhi ibisekela imibono nezinhlelo zikaMadero ngohlelo lweSan Luis.
Ngesinye isikhathi wayengavumelani nezenzo zikaMadero zokwaba umhlaba nokuguqulwa kwezolimo kanti ngesikhathi ebulawa wazibandakanya noVenustiano Carranza, umholi weqembu elaziwa ngokuthi “yiConstitucionalistas” futhi balwa nabalandeli bakaVictoriano Huerta.
UZapata wehlula uHuerta ngo-1913 njengenhloko yezinguquko futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noFrancisco “Pancho” Villa balwa noCarranza.
U-Emiliano Zapata wasungula inhlangano yezolimo yokuqala yezolimo eMexico futhi wasebenzela ukuguqula imboni kashukela esifundeni saseMorelos ibe yinhlangano yokubambisana.
Wakhashelwa nguJesús Guajardo, wagaxelwa wabulawa eHacienda de Chinameca, eMorelos.
6. UFrancisco “Pancho” Villa
Igama langempela likaFrancisco “Pancho” Villa nguDoroteo Arango, indoda eyayisezintabeni ngenkathi kuqala inqubo yokuguqula umbuso.
I-Villa yajoyina iMadero ilwa noPorfirio Díaz nebutho elenziwe futhi layalwa nguye engxenyeni esenyakatho yeMexico, ehlala ephumelela njalo.
Ngemuva kokubalekela e-United States ngenxa yokushushiswa kuka-Victoriano Huerta, wabuyela eMexico futhi wasekela uVenustiano Carranza no-Emiliano Zapata empini yokulwa noHuerta, abahlula ngo-1914.
UZapata no-Villa bakhashelwa nguCarranza, ngakho baqala ukulwa naye, kodwa u-vlvaro Obregón wabanqoba futhi uCarranza wazibusa.
Banikeza i-Villa ipulazi eChihuahua kanye noshwele ukuze ahoxe empilweni yezepolitiki nasekulweni. Ushone ngesikhathi sikaMongameli u-vlvaro Obregón ngo-1923.
7. U-vlvaro Obregón
U-Elvaro Obregón walwa noFrancisco Madero ukuqeda iPorfiriato, kodwa lapho ebuya ekubalekeni kwakhe wazihlanganisa noVenustiano Carranza ngenkathi ebhekene noHuerta, owahlala naye kwaze kwamenyezelwa uMthethosisekelo ka-1917.
Lowo owaziwa ngokuthi "ujenene ongahlulwa lutho" wabamba iqhaza ezimpini eziningi, enye yabo ibambene noPancho Villa, amhlula empini yaseCelaya.
Ukubambisana kwakhe noCarranza kwaphela ngo-1920 ngenkathi ebhekene nokuvukela kwe-Agua Prieta.
U-Obregón wakhethwa njengoMongameli futhi wabusa iMexico kusukela ngo-1920 kuya ku-1924. Ngesikhathi sakhe, uNobhala Wezemfundo Yomphakathi wadalwa futhi kwabiwa amazwe ayethathwe ngesikhathi sikahulumeni waseDíaz.
Ushonele ezandleni zikaJosé de León Toral ngoJulayi 17, 1928 endaweni yokudlela yaseLa Bombilla, eGuanajuato, ngenkathi ethwetshulwa.
8.Venustiano Carranza
UVenustiano Carranza uvela kwiNguquko yaseMexico ukuphikisana noPorfirio Díaz kanye noFrancisco Madero, owayenguNgqongqoshe Wezempi noMbutho Wezempi kanye nombusi wezwe laseCoahuila.
Ngemuva kokushona kukaMadero, uCarranza wethula iPlan of Guadalupe, umqulu anganaki ngawo uhulumeni waseVictoriano Huerta futhi azibize ngokuthi "uyiChief First of the Constitutionalist Army," ekhuthaza ukubuyiselwa kokuhleleka komthethosisekelo.
Ngenkathi ephikisana futhi elwa noHuerta, uCarranza wazihlanganisa no-vlvaro Obregón noPancho Villa esifundeni esisenyakatho yezwe kanye no-Emiliano Zapata eningizimu yeMexico.
Njengomongameli, uVenustiano Carranza ukhuthaze ukuhlinzekwa kwezolimo ukuze kusizakale abalimi futhi wabhekana nezimali, ezabasebenzi nezabasebenzi kanye nezindaba eziphathelene nezinsizakusebenza nezimbiwa.
Lo mlingiswa wenguquko wenza kwaba semthethweni isehlukaniso, wabeka ubude besikhathi sosuku lokusebenza nsuku zonke futhi wasungula inani leholo eliphansi elitholwa ngabasebenzi. Wabuye wamemezela noMthethosisekelo wango-1917, usasebenza.
UCarranza wabulawa yi-ambush ePuebla ngoMeyi 1920.
9. IPascual Orozco
UPascual Orozco wayengumthuthi wamaminerali odabuka eChihuahua, esifundeni saseGuerrero, owathola impumelelo emangalisayo ngo-1910, unyaka lapho kwaqala khona inguquko.
UPascual Orozco, ubaba walomlingiswa ovela kunguquko yaseMexico, waphikisana nohulumeni waseDiaz futhi wasekela iMexicoan Revolutionary Party, eyayingomunye wabokuqala abaphikisana nokuqhubeka kwePorfiriato.
U-Orozco Jr. akagcinanga ngokujoyina abalandeli bakaMadero, waphinde wanikela ngemali enkulu ukuthenga izikhali futhi wayebhekele ukuhlela amaqembu alwayo eChihuahua, ebamba iqhaza kwezinye izimpi ezifana neSan Isidro, Cerro Prieto, Pedernales kanye neMal Paso, ngo-1910 .
U-Orozco wayenoPancho Villa ekuthatheni uCiudad Juárez ngo-1911, kodwa-ke, kwavela ukungavumelani phakathi kwabo ngemuva kokunyukela kukaMadero kwesobumengameli, umehluko owaqeda umfelandawonye wabo futhi wamenza walwa naye.
U-Pascual Orozco wanquma ukuxhasa u-Victoriano Huerta, kodwa ngesikhathi eketulwa wakhululwa waya ekudingisweni e-United States lapho abulawa khona ngo-1915.
10. IBelisario Domínguez
UBelisario Domínguez ngaso sonke isikhathi wayezibheka njengomphikisi omkhulu kaVictoriano Huerta.
Wayengudokotela onepeni futhi enezwi elinomlilo, izinkulumo zakhe ezazikhuthaza ukubaluleka kwabantu benkululeko yokukhuluma.
Wathweswa iziqu njengodokotela ohlinzayo e-La Sorbonne University yodumo eParis. Ukuqala kwakhe empilweni yezepolitiki yaseMexico kwakungokudalwa kwephephandaba i- "El Vate", izindatshana zalo ezaziphikisana noPorfirio Díaz nombuso wakhe.
Wayeyilungu lokuqala leDemocratic Club, umongameli kamasipala waseComitán kanye nesenator, okwamvumela ukuthi abone ukuvuka kukaVictoriano Huerta esikhundleni sobumongameli beRiphabhulikhi, waba ngumgxeki wakhe omkhulu, ukuphikisana okwaholela ekufeni okunegazi emathuneni kusuka eXoco, eCooacán, njengoba ahlukunyezwa futhi wafela ukholo.
U-Aureliano Urrutia, omunye wababulali bakhe, wasika ulimi lwakhe walunika uHuerta njengesipho.
Ukubulawa kukaBelisario Domínguez kwakungesinye sezizathu zokugumbuqelwa kukaVictoriano Huerta.
11. Serdán Bazalwane
Ekuqaleni babevela edolobheni lasePuebla, abafowethu baseSerdán, u-Aquiles, uMáximo noCarmen, babengabalingiswa beNguquko yaseMexico ababephikisana nohulumeni kaPorfirio Díaz.
Bashone ngesikhathi bebhekene nombutho wamasosha ngesikhathi betholwa ngenkathi benza uzungu nabanye abalandeli bakaFrancisco Madero. Babhekwa njengabafel 'ukholo bokuqala beNguquko yaseMexico.
Babengabalandeli beDemocratic Party futhi bebambisene namalungu eMaderista, basungula iLuz y Progreso Political Club edolobheni lasePuebla.
Ngaphezu kokumeseka ezenzweni zakhe zokuba ngumongameli, u-Aquiles wasungula ePuebla, kanye noFrancisco Madero, iqembu le-Anti-Reelection Party.
KwakunguMadero owacela abafowethu baseSerdán ukuba baqale ukuvukela umbuso ePuebla ngoNovemba 20, 1910, kepha bakhashelwa.
U-Aquiles Serdán watholakala endaweni yakhe yokucasha ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ukukhwehlela okungazelelwe, lapho alimala khona kaningi futhi waqedwa nge-coup de grace.
UMáximo noCarmen bathunjwa ngamabutho ahambisana noPorfirio Díaz. Eyokuqala yawa yizinhlamvu zamadoda angaphezu kuka-500, okubandakanya amasosha namaphoyisa, abangene endlini.
Yize kwaziwa ukuthi uCarmen wathathwa njengesiboshwa kanye nabanye besifazane, asikho isiqiniseko ngokufa kwakhe.
12. UJosé María Pino Suárez
UJosé María Pino Suárez wabamba iqhaza elivelele kuhulumeni kaFrancisco Madero, ahola naye ihhovisi loMnyango Wezobulungiswa ngo-1910.
Ngemuva konyaka waba ngumbusi wezwe laseYucatán futhi phakathi kuka-1912 no-1913 wayephethe isikhundla sikaNobhala Wezokufundiswa Komphakathi kanye Nezobuciko. Kulonyaka odlule wabulawa ngenkathi ephethe isikhundla sokuba yiphini likamongameli we-republic.
Wayeyilungu elivelele le-Anti-Reelection Party futhi engumngane othembekile kaMadero, kangangoba wakhonza njengesithunywa ngesikhathi eboshiwe eSan Luis Potosí.
Izitha zikaMadero zaqala ukonakalisa uhulumeni omusha futhi esinye salezi zenzo kwaba ukubulala bobabili uJosé María Pino Suarez kanye noMongameli weRiphabhuliki uqobo, ngoFebhuwari 1913.
13. IPlutarco Elías Calles
Uthisha weSikole, okwathi ngenxa yezenzo zakhe kwinqubo yezinguquko, wafinyelela ezingeni lokujwayelekile.
Izenzo zakhe ezinhle kakhulu zaziphikisana noPascual Orozco kanye no "Orozquistas" wakhe; ngokumelene nePancho Villa kanye namahlongandlebe akhe nomsebenzi obalulekile ekuqothulweni kukaVictoriano Huerta.
Yize aqokwa njengoNobhala Wezohwebo Nezabasebenzi ngesikhathi egunyazwe nguVenustiano Carranza, wakha uzungu futhi wabamba iqhaza ekugumbuqelweni kwakhe.
Ubephethe isikhundla sokuba ngumongameli wezwe kusuka ngonyaka we-1924 kuya kowe-1928, ethuthukisa izinguquko ezinqala ohlelweni lwezemfundo, ohlelweni lwezolimo kanye nasekwenzeni imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomphakathi.
UPlutarco Elías Calles wayekholelwa ukuthi umzabalazo wezinguquko kwakuyindlela yezinguquko kanye nezinguquko kwezenhlalo nezombusazwe ezazidingeka eMexico.
Wahlela futhi wasungula iNational Revolutionary Party ayefuna ukuqeda ngayo i-caudillismo eyayikhona ezweni kanye nokuchitheka kwegazi, ngaleyo ndlela aqinisekise ukubusa kwezepolitiki eMexico ehhovisi likamongameli futhi wayephethe ukubuya kuka-vlvaro Obregón.
Isikhathi sakhe njengoMongameli saziwa njengo "Maximato".
IPlutarco Elías Calles ithathwa njengomunye wabanduleli beMexico yanamuhla.
14. UJoseph Vasconcelos
Isazi, umbhali nosopolitiki, ngokuzibandakanya okuvelele kuzinqubo ezenzeka ngesikhathi seNguquko yaseMexico.
Wayengumsunguli woMnyango Wezemfundo futhi ngo-1914 waqoka umqondisi weNational Preparatory School. Ngenxa yokuzinikela kwakhe emsebenzini, wabizwa ngokuthi "Uthisha Wentsha YaseMelika."
Waya ekudingisweni e-United States ngenxa yezinsongo zikaVenustiano Carranza nokugwema ukuboshelwa ukugxeka.
Ngemuva kwale micimbi nangesikhathi sikahulumeni wase-vlvaro Obregón, uVasconcelos wabuyela eMexico futhi waqokwa njengoNobhala Wezemfundo Yomphakathi, isikhundla lapho athuthukisa khona imfundo ethandwayo ngokuletha othisha nabaculi abadumile eMexico futhi wakwazi ukuthola imitapo yolwazi yomphakathi kanye neminyango Ubuciko obuhle, izikole, imitapo yolwazi kanye nezinqolobane zomlando.
Lesi sazi sefilosofi sasibuye sibe nesibopho sokuhlelwa kabusha kweNational Library yaseMexico, sakha umagazini i- "El Maestro", sanyusa izikole zasemakhaya futhi saphakamisa ukubanjwa kweFirst Book Exhibition.
Kwakungesikhathi sokuqondisa kwakhe lapho abadwebi abadumile baseMexico kanye nabadwebi bezakhiwo ezifana noDiego Rivera noJosé Clemente Orozco bethunywe ngemidwebo emikhulu nemidwebo yemidwebo esalondolozwe eMexico.
15. U-Antonio Caso
Omunye wabalingiswa boMbhikisho WaseMexico osebenzise isimo sakhe sobuhlakani ukwenza iminikelo enqubweni yezinguquko, ngokugxeka izisekelo zikahulumeni wasePorfirio Díaz.
U-Antonio Caso wabonakaliswa njengomuntu ophikisana nombono we-positivist owamenyezelwa yi-Porfiriato. Isifundiswa nefilosofi owasungula i-Athenaeum of Youth futhi waba ngomunye wabafundi ababaluleke kakhulu benkathi yokuguqula umbuso.
UCaso, kanye nezinye izifundiswa zaseMexico nezifundiswa, wayengomunye wabanduleli ekusungulweni nasekusungulweni kweyunivesithi ebaluleke kakhulu ezweni.
16. UFelipe Angeles
Lo muntu we-Revolution yaseMexico wahlonishwa nemibono yezepolitiki kanye nohulumeni kaFrancisco Madero.
UFelipe Ángeles wahlakulela izinkolelo ezibophezele kubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle nasekusizeni abantu.
Ungene e-Military Academy eneminyaka engu-14, elandela izinkombandlela zikayise, owayemandulele.
Ukuzibophezela kwakhe ohlelweni lukahulumeni kanye nemibono kaMadero kwamholela ekuholeni umkhankaso wezempi wokusiza.
Walwa noPancho Villa, ahlanganyela naye imibono yezobulungiswa nokulingana.
U-Villa wadingiselwa e-United States ngo-1915 kwathi lapho ebuya emuva kweminyaka emithathu waphinde wahlangana noFelipe lesngeles, owaboshwa ngemuva kokukhashelwa, wabulawa enkantolo futhi wadutshulwa ngoNovemba 1919.
17. UBenjamin Hill
UBenjamín Hill wayeyindoda efanelekile yezempi futhi engomunye wabasunguli beQembu Elilwa Nokuphinda Likhethwe kabusha likaFrancisco Madero, ahlanganyela naye imibono nemibono yakhe, okwaholela ekutheni ajoyine umzabalazo wezikhali ngo-1911, wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba ngu-colonel.
Wabekwa waba yinduna yezempi eSonora yangakubo. Izenzo zakhe zifaka phakathi ukulwa namabutho athembekile kuVictoriano Huerta ngo-1913 futhi kuze kube ngu-1914 wayengumphathi wengxenye yeNyakatho Ntshonalanga Yezempi.
Wayengumbusi wesifundazwe saseSonora kanye nomkhuzi waso kwaze kwaba ngo-1915; kamuva, waqokwa njengoKhomishani.
Ngesikhathi sikaMongameli kaVenustiano Carranza, wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba ngu-brigadier general njengomvuzo ngomsebenzi wakhe namasosha.
Usebenze njengoNobhala Wezempi kanye noMbutho Wezasolwandle kwathi ngoDisemba 1920 wahlonishwa kuhulumeni wase-vlvaro Obregón "njengeqhawe lomzabalazo." Ngemuva kwesikhashana, wadlula emhlabeni.
18. UJoaquín Amaro Domínguez
Amasosha we-trajectory enhle athuthukiswe ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi seNguquko yaseMexico.
Isibonelo sakhe esihle kakhulu kwakungubaba wakhe, owajoyina abathembekile noFrancisco Madero futhi kwaba yilezi zinhloso lapho athatha khona izikhali futhi walwa.
Njengoba eyisosha nje elijwayelekile, uJoaquín wabhalisa emabuthweni ayalwe nguGeneral Domingo Arrieta ukuba alwele ubuMaderism, lapho akwazi khona ukukhuphukela esikhundleni sokuba nguLieutenant.
Wabamba iqhaza ezenzweni eziningi ezilwa nabalandeli bakaZapata, amaReyistas kanye namaSalgadistas, wafinyelela esigabeni sikaMajor kwathi uColonel, ngo-1913.
Ukushona kukaFrancisco Madero noJosé María Pino Suárez (1913) kwaholela uJoaquín Amaro Domínguez ukuba ajoyine ibutho le-Constitutionalist Army, ahlala kulo kwaze kwaba ngo-1915 lapho enyuselwa esikhundleni sokuba ngu-brigadier general.
Wabamba iqhaza ezenzweni ezenziwa eningizimu yezwe ngokumelene namabutho ePancho Villa.
NjengoNobhala Wezempi Nasemanzini, wasungula imithethonqubo yokuguqula ukwakheka kwe-Armed Institute; wafuna ukugcwaliseka okulungile kokuziphatha kwezempi futhi wakhuthaza nemisebenzi yezemidlalo.
Ngemuva Kwenguquko yaseMexico, wazinikela emsebenzini wokufundisa eMilitary College, lapho ayengumqondisi khona.
19. Abakwa-Adelita
Iqembu labesifazane abalwela amalungelo abantu abathathelwa umhlaba, abalimi abazithobile nabanye besifazane, ngesikhathi senguquko.
Igama elithi "Adelita" livela emculweni owaqanjwa u-Adela Velarde Pérez, umhlengikazi ohloniphekile owayesebenzisana namasosha amaningi, kufaka phakathi umqambi walo mhubhe odumile.
Abakwa-Adelita noma abaseSoldaderas, njengoba babebizwa kanjalo, bathatha izikhali baya ezinkundleni zempi njengelinye isosha elilodwa ukuyolwela amalungelo abo.
Ngaphezu kokulwa, laba besifazane babenakekela abalimele, belungisa futhi besabalalisa ukudla phakathi kwamasosha futhi benza nomsebenzi wobunhloli.
Esinye sezizathu zakhe zokulwa ngezandla kwakuwukungabi nabulungisa okwenziwa kwabesifazane, abampofu nabathobekile, ngesikhathi sikahulumeni wasePorfirio Díaz.
Phakathi kwaleli qembu labesifazane abanesibindi kwakukhona abanye abafinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu esikhungweni samasosha.
Abesifazane be-Adelitas
Omunye wabamele kakhulu u-Adelitas kwakungu-Amelia Robles, owafika ezingeni lika-colonel; ukuze angazihluphi ngamadoda, ucele ukubizwa, u-Amelio.
Omunye “u-Adelita” wezingalo okwakumelwe azithathe kwakungu-Ángela Jiménez, isazi seziqhumane esathi sizizwa sikhululekile siphethe isikhali.
UVenustiano Carranza wayenobhala okhetheke kakhulu. Kwakumayelana noHermila Galindo, okwathi njalo lapho ephuma ngaphandle kweMexico ngenxa yezizathu zokubonisana waveza amalungelo abesifazane njengesishoshovu salesi sizathu.
UHermila Galindo wayeyiphini lokuqala lesifazane futhi waba yingxenye ebalulekile ekunqobeni amalungelo abesifazane okuvota.
IPancho Villa ibibambisene noPetra Herrera, kwaze kwaphela isivumelwano sabo; UNkk. Herrera wayenempi yakhe enabesifazane abangaphezu kwenkulungwane abaseqenjini lakhe, abathola ukunqoba okubalulekile empini yesibili yaseTorreón ngo-1914.
Iningi lalaba besifazane abazinikele nabanamandla abakaze bathole ukuqashelwa obekubafanele ngenxa yegalelo labo elibalulekile enqubweni yezinguquko, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi indima yabesifazane yayingadumile.
Ukwamukelwa komsebenzi nokuzinikela kwama-Adelitas kwenzeka lapho bonke abesifazane baseMexico bewina ilungelo labo lokuvota.
Obani abaholi abaphambili beNguquko yaseMexico?
Phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezibaluleke kakhulu zeNguquko yaseMexico, amanye ama-caudillos avelele, njenge:
- UPorfirio Diaz.
- Emiliano Zapata.
- UDoroteo Arango, obizwa nangokuthi iPancho Villa.
- UFrancisco Maderos.
- IPlutarco Elías Calles.
Ngubani owaba ngumholi oyinhloko wezinguquko?
Umlingisi oyinhloko wabaholi bezinguquko kwakunguFrancisco Madero.
Yiziphi izehlakalo ezibalulekile ezenzeka kuNguquko yaseMexico?
Kunemicimbi eyisisekelo emi-5 yokuqonda izehlakalo zeNguquko yaseMexico. Sizokubhala ngezansi:
- 1910: UFrancisco Madero usungula uhlelo lwezinguquko olubizwa nge, Plan de San Luis, ahlangana nalo nohulumeni wasePorfirio Díaz.
- Ngo-1913-1914: UFrancisco Villa uqala ukuvukela enyakatho, kanti u-Emiliano Zapata wenza izinkanyezi kulabo abaseningizimu.
- Ngo-1915: UVenustiano Carraza umenyezelwa njengoMongameli weRiphabhulikhi.
- I-1916: bonke abaholi benguquko bahlangana eQuerétaro ukudala uMthethosisekelo omusha.
- Ngo-1917: kumenyezelwa uMthethosisekelo omusha.
Abalingiswa beNguquko yaseMexico. Abesifazane
Abesifazane ababambe iqhaza kwiNguquko yaseMexico bathola ihlelo le-Adelitas noma iSoldaderas futhi phakathi kwalabo abavelele kakhulu esinabo:
- U-Amelia Robles
- U-Angela Jimenez
- UPetra Herrera
- UHermila Galindo
Wenzani uVenustiano Carranza kuNguquko yaseMexico?
UVenustiano Carranza wayeyinhloko yokuqala ye-Constitutionalist Army eyakhiwa ngemuva kokubulawa kukaFrancisco Madero. Ngale ndlela, walwela ukuketula uVictoriano Huerta, ethatha isikhundla sobumengameli ngo-Agasti 14, 1914, eqala ukusebenza njengoMongameli-Ophethe futhi waba nguMongameli woMthethosisekelo waseMexico kusukela ngo-1917 kuya ku-1920.
Abalingiswa beNguquko yaseMexico eGuerrero
Phakathi kwabalingiswa abakhulu benguquko yaseMexico eGuerrero, sine:
- Abafowethu baseFigueroa Mata: UFrancisco, u-Ambrosio noRómulo.
- UMartín Vicario.
- UFidel Fuentes.
- U-Ernesto Castrejón.
- UJuan Andreu Almazán.
Iziteketiso zezinhlamvu ze-Revolution yaseMexico
- UFelipe Ángeles wabizwa nge- “El Artillero” ngokuba ngushayasibhamu omkhulu kunabo bonke wezinguquko.
- UPlutarco Elías Calles, oteketiswa ngokuthi "Umphik'ukristu", ngenxa yezingxabano zakhe neSonto LamaKatolika.
- UVictoriano Huerta wabizwa ngegama elithi "El Chacal" ngokubulawa okubi kukaFrancisco Madero noJosé María Pino Suarez.
- URafael Buena Tenorio wabizwa ngegama elithi "iGolden Granite" ngokuba ngumphathi omncane kunabo bonke ukubamba iqhaza kwiNguquko yaseMexico.
Sikumema ukuthi wabelane ngale ndatshana ukuze abangane bakho ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi nabo bazi ubuntu obuyinhloko be-19 be-Revolution yaseMexico.
