Leli ngelinye lamazwe anomcebo omkhulu wemvelo emhlabeni futhi acishe abe yingxenye yesigidi samakhilomitha-skwele wokukhula okuphezulu kwe-speleological. Sikumema ukuba uhambe nathi kulowo mhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba abambalwa abanelungelo lokuwazi.
Amatshe amatshe aphezulu nawaseQuaternary agcwele, ahlanganiswe ne-aquifer enkulu asinikeze ama-cenotes, okungukuthi, izimbobo ezikhukhulayo ezitholakala kubude nobubanzi bazo. Kunezinkulungwane zama-cenotes. Futhi yize ukuhlolwa kwalawa mafomu kuvela kumaMaya asendulo, ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi, ukubhaliswa kwawo nokuhlola okuhlelekile kusanda kwenzeka, eminyakeni engama-30 eyedlule. Lokhu okutholakele kumangalisa njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngentuthuko yakamuva ezinhlelweni zeSac Aktún ne-Ox Bel Ha, eQuintana Roo. Kuzo zombili, zidlule ubude obungamakhilomitha ayi-170, konke kungaphansi kwamanzi, okwenza kube yizindawo ezinamanzi amade kakhulu ezaziwa kuze kube manje eMexico nasemhlabeni. Inhlonhlo iqukethe nezikhala ezinhle kakhulu eMexico ezinjengeYaax-Nik neSastún-Tunich.
Ezintabeni zaseChiapas
Ziqukethe i-limestone endala, evela ku-Cretaceous, nayo ephuke kakhulu, i-shaggy futhi ikhubazekile, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lina kakhulu lapho. Isifunda siqukethe zombili izimbotshana eziqondile neziqondile. Ngakho-ke sineSoconusco System, ecishe ibe ngamakhilomitha angama-28 ubude no-633 m ukujula; umhume woMfula iLa Venta, onamakhilomitha ayi-13; umhume owaziwayo waseRancho Nuevo, onentuthuko engaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-10 nokujula kwamamitha ayi-520; umhume wase-Arroyo Grande, nawo obude obungu-10 km; kanye neChorro Grande engaphezudlwana kuka-9 km. Inemigodi emi mpo njengeSótano de la Lucha, engenye yezindawo ezinamandla kakhulu eMexico, enomthombo oqonde mpo cishe wamamitha angama-300, ngaphezu kokuqukethe umfula ongaphansi komhlaba; shaft emnyango Sótano del Arroyo Grande kuyinto mpo ka 283 m; i-Sima de Don Juan ingenye kwalasha enkulu ngokuwa kwe-278 m; iSima Dos Puentes ine-250 m okusalungiswa; ohlelweni lweSoconusco yiSima La Pedrada enezingqimba ezingama-220 m; USima Chikinibal, ngokuphonsa ngokuphelele u-214 m; neFundillo del Ocote, nehle ngamamitha angama-200.
ESierra Madre del Sur
Ingesinye sezifundazwe eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlulele, ezinamadwala anemvelaphi ehlukahlukene, nokungazinzi komhlaba kwamanje. Engxenyeni yalo esempumalanga, izintaba zamatshe amatshe omcibisholo ezinamatsheyinti amakhulu kakhulu zikhuphuka kwenye yezindawo ezinemvula enkulu ezweni, lapho kuhlolwe khona ezinye zezinhlelo zemihume ezijulile emhlabeni. Izimbobo ezijulile eMexico nasezwenikazi laseMelika ziyaziwa kulesi sifundazwe, ezifundazweni zase-Oaxaca nasePuebla, okungukuthi, zonke lezo ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1 000 okungalingani, okuyisishiyagalolunye. Ezinye zinwebeka kakhulu, ngoba ziveza intuthuko yamashumi amakhilomitha amaningi ubude. Lokhu ukusho nje enye yezinto ezimangazayo kakhulu ezingaphansi komhlaba kulesi sifundazwe. Uhlelo lweCheve luvelele kulesi sifunda, ngamamitha ayi-1,484 wokujula; kanye neHuautla System, enamamitha ayi-1,475; Kokubili e-Oaxaca.
ESierra Madre Oriental
Iveza ukulandelana kwezintaba okuphethwe ngamatshe amatshe amatshe aseCretaceous akhubazeke kakhulu emafwini amakhulu. Imigede yayo imile mpo, eminye ijule kakhulu, njengePurificación System, enamamitha angama-953; iSótano del Berro, enamamitha angama-838; iSótano de la Trinidad, enamamitha angama-834; iBorbollón Resumidero, enamamitha ayi-821; iSótano de Alfredo, enamamitha angama-673; leyo yaseTilaco, enamamitha angama-649; iCueva del Diamante, ene-621, kanye ne-Las Coyotas engaphansi, ene-581 m, phakathi kokugqame kakhulu. Kwezinye izingxenye kunentuthuko ebaluleke kakhulu evundlile, njengaseTamaulipas, lapho iPurificación System inebanga elingama-94 km, kanye neCueva del Tecolote enama-40. Lesi sifunda sesidume isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuba khona kwaso imishayo emikhulu emile. Ababili bayenze yaduma umhlaba wonke, njengoba ibhekwa phakathi kokujule kakhulu emhlabeni: iSótano del Barro, nesibhamu sayo sokuwa samahhala esingamamitha angama-410, neGolondrinas enezingqimba zayo ezingama-376 m. Futhi azifakwanga kuphela phakathi kokujule kakhulu, kepha futhi phakathi kokukhanya okukhulu kakhulu, ngoba eyokuqala inesikhala sama-cubic metres ayizigidi eziyi-15, kanti eyaseGolondrinas iyizigidi ezinhlanu. Eminye kwalasha omkhulu mpo kulesi sifundazwe yi Sótano de la Culebra, nge 337 m; iSotanito de Ahuacatlán, enamamitha angama-288; neSótano del Aire, enamamitha angama-233. I-El Zacatón ifanelwe ukukhulunywa ngokukhethekile, eTamaulipas, i-cenote enkulu, enye yezimbalwa ezikhona ngaphandle kweYucatán, umzimba wayo ovale ulasha oqonde mpo wamamitha angama-329.
Ezintabeni nasemathafeni aseNyakatho
Yizifundazwe ezome kakhulu eMexico futhi zisakazeke kakhulu eChihuahua naseCoahuila. Le ndawo iqukethe uchungechunge lwamathafa abanzi agcwele izintaba eziningi eziphakathi nendawo, eziningi zazo ezibukeka kahle. Amathafa akha isifundazwe se-biogeographic soGwadule lwaseChihuahuan. Isifundazwe asihloliswanga kangako ngemihume futhi sethula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zangaphansi komhlaba ezinemigodi evundlile, yize kukhona nezinye eziqondile, njengePozo del Hundido, ngokuwa kwamahhala okungu-185 m. Imigede evundlile eyaziwayo ayinwetshiwe kangako, igqamisa iCueva de Tres Marías, ngokuthuthukiswa kwamakhilomitha ayi-2,5 nendawo enkulu yaseNombre de Dios, edolobheni laseChihuahua, cishe namakhilomitha amabili. Kulesi sifundazwe imihume yaseNaica ivelele, ikakhulukazi iCueva de los Cristales, ebhekwa njengendawo enhle kakhulu futhi engavamile emhlabeni.
