Kwakungunyaka we-1931 futhi iMexico yayihlangabezana nezikhathi ezibalulekile. Udlame lwenguquko seluvele luphelile futhi izwe lajabulela udumo lwamazwe omhlaba okokuqala ngqa, umkhiqizo wokuphakama kwesayensi nobuciko.
Kwakuyisikhathi sesitimela, somsakazo we-bulb, ngisho nabaphosayo nabesifazane abanesibindi abafuna ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo nabesilisa. Ngaleso sikhathi uDon Alfonso Caso wayephila.
Kusukela ngo-1928, uDon Alfonso, ummeli nesazi semivubukulo, wayeze e-Oaxaca, evela eMexico City, ezofuna izimpendulo ezithile zezinkinga zakhe zesayensi. Bengifuna ukwazi imvelaphi yabantu bomdabu bakulesi sifunda abakhona njengamanje. Wayefuna ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izakhiwo ezinkulu ezingaqagelwa emagqumeni aziwa ngokuthi iMonte Albán nokuthi zazingezani.
Ukuze enze lokhu, uDon Alfonso waklama iphrojekthi yemivubukulo eyayihlanganisa ngokuyinhloko ukwenza izinto zokumba eGreat Plaza nasezinduneni ezinkulu ezazizungezile; ngo-1931 kwase kuyisikhathi sokwenza leyo misebenzi okwakuhlelwe isikhathi eside. UCaso wahlanganisa ozakwabo kanye nabafundi abaningana, futhi ngezimali zakhe nangeminye iminikelo waqala ukuhlola iMonte Albán. Imisebenzi iqale eNyakatho Platform, okuyinkimbinkimbi enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ephakeme kunazo zonke edolobheni elikhulu; okokuqala izitebhisi ezimaphakathi futhi kusukela lapho ukumba kuzophendula izidingo zokutholakele nokwakhiwa. Njengoba inhlanhla ibingaba nayo, ngoJanuwari 9 waleyo sizini yokuqala, uDon Juan Valenzuela, umsizi kaCaso, wabizwa ngabalimi ukuba azohlola insimu lapho igeja lacwila khona. Lapho bengena emgodini ezinye izisebenzi eseziwuhlanzile, babona ukuthi babhekene nokutholwa okumangalisa ngempela. Ekuseni okubandayo ebusika, kwatholakala umcebo ethuneni laseMonte Alban.
Ithuna lavela laba ngabantu ababalulekile, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngeminikelo emihle kakhulu; yaqanjwa ngenombolo 7 njengoba ifana nayo ngokulandelana kwamathuna asembiwe kuze kube manje. Ithuna lesi-7 labonwa njengokutholwa okumangalisa kakhulu eLatin America ngesikhathi salo.
Okuqukethwe bekuqukethe amathambo amaningana ezinhlamvu ezihloniphekile, kanye nezingubo zabo ezicebile nezinto zeminikelo, esewonke angaphezu kwamakhulu amabili, phakathi kwawo bekukhona imigexo, izindlebe, amacici, izindandatho, amathanga, ama-tiara nezinduku, iningi zenziwe ngezinto eziyigugu futhi kaningi zivela ezifundeni ezingaphandle kweziGodi zase-Oaxaca. Phakathi kwezinto zokwakha kwakugqame igolide, isiliva, ithusi, i-obsidian, i-turquoise, i-rock crystal, i-coral, ithambo ne-ceramics, konke kwakusebenza ngobuciko obukhulu bezobuciko kanye namanye amasu entekenteke, njenge-filigree noma imicu yegolide esontekile futhi elukiwe ezibalweni. okungavamile, into engakaze ibonwe eMesoamerica.
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ithuna seliphinde lasetshenziswa amaZapotec aseMonte Albán, kepha umnikelo ocebe kakhulu uhambelana nokungcwatshwa okungenani kwabalingiswa abathathu baseMixtec abashona eSigodini sase-Oaxaca cishe ngonyaka ka-1200 AD.
Kusukela ekutholakaleni kweTomb 7, u-Alfonso Caso wazuza udumo olukhulu futhi kanye nawo kwavela namathuba okwenza ngcono isabelomali sakhe nokuqhubeka nokuhlola okukhulu ayekuhlelile, kepha futhi nochungechunge lwemibuzo mayelana nokuba yiqiniso kokutholakele . Yayicebile futhi inhle kangangokuba abanye babekholelwa ukuthi kwakuyiphupho.
Ukutholakala kweGreat Plaza kwenziwa ezikhathini eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili lapho umsebenzi wakhe wasensimini wawuhlala khona, usekelwa yithimba lochwepheshe elenziwe ngabavubukuli, abakhi bezakhiwo kanye nezazi zemvelo. Phakathi kwalaba kwakuno-Ignacio Bernal, Jorge Acosta, Juan Valenzuela, Daniel Rubín de la Borbolla, Eulalia Guzmán, Ignacio Marquina noMartín Bazán, kanye nonkosikazi kaCaso, uNkk. María Lombardo, bonke bengabalingisi abadumile emlandweni wezinto zakudala Oaxaca.
Isakhiwo ngasinye sahlolwa ngabasebenzi abavela eXoxocotlán, Arrazola, Mexicapam, Atzompa, Ixtlahuaca, San Juan Chapultepec nakwamanye amadolobha, ayalelwe ngamanye amalungu eqembu lesayensi. Izinto zokwakha ezitholakele, njengamatshe okwakhiwa, izinto zobumba, amathambo, amagobolondo nezinto ze-obsidian zahlukaniswa ngokucophelela ukuze ziyiswe elabhorethri, ngoba zazizophenya ngezinsuku zokwakhiwa nobunjalo bezakhiwo.
Umsebenzi onzima wokuhlukanisa, wokuhlaziya nokuhumusha izinto uthathe iqembu leCaso iminyaka eminingi; incwadi ekwi-ceramics yaseMonte Albán ayizange ishicilelwe kuze kube ngo-1967, kanye nokufundwa kweTomb 7 (El Tesoro de Monte Albán), eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu ngemuva kokutholakala kwayo. Lokhu kusikhombisa ukuthi isayensi yemivubukulo yaseMonte Albán yayinomsebenzi okhandlayo futhi isesamele.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, imizamo kaCaso yathela izithelo. Ngokuhumusha kwabo siyazi namuhla ukuthi idolobha laseMonte Albán laqala ukwakhiwa eminyakeni engama-500 ngaphambi kukaKristu nokuthi lalinezikhathi okungenani eziyisihlanu zokwakha, okuyinto abavubukuli namuhla abaqhubeka ukuyibiza ngokuthi izinkathi I, II, III, IV kanye no-V.
Kanye nokuhlola, omunye umsebenzi omkhulu kwakungukwakha kabusha izakhiwo ukukhombisa bonke ubukhulu bazo. UDon Alfonso Caso noDon Jorge Acosta banikele ngemizamo eminingi kanye nenani elikhulu labasebenzi ekwakheni kabusha izindonga zamathempeli, izigodlo namathuna, nokubanikeza ukubukeka okulondolozwe kuze kube namuhla.
Ukuqonda ngokuphelele idolobha kanye nezakhiwo, benza uchungechunge lwemisebenzi yezithombe, kusuka ezinhlelweni zesimo sendawo lapho kufundwa khona ukwakheka kwamagquma nezwe, kuya kwimidwebo yemingcele yesakhiwo ngasinye kanye nezingaphambili zaso. Ngokunjalo, babenakekela kakhulu ukudweba zonke izakhiwo, okungukuthi, izakhiwo kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambili ezingaphakathi kwezakhiwo esizibonayo manje.
Ithimba likaCaso liphinde lanikwa nomsebenzi wokwenza ingqalasizinda okungenani ukuze likwazi ukufinyelela kule ndawo futhi lisinde isonto nesonto phakathi komhlaba owembiwe, izinto zokuvubukula kanye nokungcwaba. Abasebenzi babeka futhi bakha umgwaqo wokuqala wokungena osasetshenziswa nanamuhla, kanye nezinye izindlu ezincane ezazisebenza njengekamu ngezikhathi zokusebenza; Kwakudingeka futhi benze ngcono izitolo zabo zamanzi futhi baphathe konke ukudla kwabo. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, kwakuyisikhathi sothando kakhulu semivubukulo yaseMexico.
