Ukunqotshwa kwe-Oaxaca kwakunokuthula okuthe xaxa, ngoba amakhosi amaZapotec nawaseMixtec ayecabanga ukuthi azothola kwabaseYurophu abalingani ababedinga ukunqoba ama-Aztec.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanye amaqembu afana namaZapotec aseSierra, amaChontales futhi ikakhulukazi amaMixes amelana futhi enza ukulandelana kwezihlubuki. Ekunqobeni kwabo futhi kusekhona ngekhulu le-16, abaseSpain baphuca abomdabu izindawo zabo, basivumela ngokusemthethweni lesi senzo ngokusebenzisa ama-encomiendas, ama-mercedes nokwehlukana okwanikezwa yinkosi, ngaleyo ndlela kuchaza, kusukela ekuqaleni kokunqotshwa kweSpain, ukungalingani kanye ukungalingani obekungaba khona phakathi komphakathi waseSpain nowomdabu.
Ukuhlukunyezwa okwenziwa ngamakholoni kwakukuningi kangangokuba ingxenye enhle yomsebenzi owenziwa ama-Audiencias amabili noViceroy Antonio de Mendoza yayihloselwe ukunciphisa amandla eMarquis yaseValle de Oaxaca, eHernán Cortés, neye-encomenderos. Ngaleyo ndlela baphakamisa ukuqinisa igunya laseNdlunkulu yingakho imithetho emisha (1542) yamenyezelwa futhi kwasungulwa ukuphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi. Umsebenzi wokuvangela endaweni yaseMixtec naseZapotec kwakuwumsebenzi we-Dominican oda owakha, ngomsebenzi wendabuko, amasonto ahlonishwayo nezindawo zezindela ezindaweni lapho kwakugxilwe khona izikhungo ezinkulu zabantu, njengeDolobha lase-Antequera, Yanhuitián naseCuilapan. .
Ukunqoba okungokomoya kwakukukhulu futhi kunodlame kunokunqoba kwamasosha. Ukugcina ukulawula kwabantu, abanqobi bagcina, ngokuguqulwa, izakhiwo ezithile zomdabu ngendlela yokuthi amanye amakhosi ase-Oaxaca Valley naseMixteca Alta akwazi ukugcina amalungelo nezakhiwo zakudala; Esikhundleni salokho, ukuguqulela abantu baseMelika ebuKristwini, izithunywa zevangeli zazama ukubhubhisa noma imuphi umkhondo wenkolo yezwe langaphambi kweSpanishi.
Yize ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu bomdabu, kubangelwe ngumqedazwe nokungaphathwa kahle, ikhulu le-16 kwaba ngelinye lokukhula komnotho ngenxa yokwethulwa kwamasu amasha, izilimo nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. EMixteca, ngokwesibonelo, inzuzo enhle yatholakala ngokuxhashazwa kwemisundu, izinkomo nokolweni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe zasemadolobheni kanye nezimayini kube nomthelela kulokhu kukhula.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuchuma kwaphazanyiswa yizinkinga ezabhekana nezimayini kusukela ngo-1590. Ukuhweba phakathi kweSeville neMelika kwehlile nokuncipha kwenani labantu kwabangela ukusetshenziswa kwamadolobha kwehle futhi abasebenzi bancishiselwa ekuvezeni okuncane.
Ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, ukucindezeleka komnotho kwaba lapho kuchazwa izinhlaka zamakoloni, uhlelo lokubusa lwahlanganiswa, futhi kwasungulwa izindlela zomnotho othembekile. Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokuzilawula ngabodwa futhi oluphakathi luphazamise ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wesifunda, okwenza izindawo ezicebile njengeSigodi sase-Oaxaca ukuqondisa umnotho wabo ekuzaneliseni naphezu kokubaluleka kokukhiqizwa nokuhweba kukakhokho, indigo kanye ne-cochineal. .
Kakade engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, umnotho waseNew Spain waqala ukuthuthuka: ukukhiqizwa kwezimayini kwaba nokubuyela emuva, ukuhweba neCentral America nePeru kwavunyelwa futhi, futhi abantu bomdabu baqala ukusimama. Ngalesi sikhathi, abaseSpain abahlala eMixteca naseSigodini sase-Oaxaca bazinikezela ekufuyeni izinkomo ngobukhulu obukhulu futhi ama-haciendas ahlanganisa ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kukakolweni kanye nommbila kanye nokufuywa kwezinkomo. Umnotho wamakoloni wahlelwa kabusha phakathi kuka-1660 no-1692, wabeka izisekelo zekhulu lokukhanyiselwa.
INew Spain iyakhula futhi ichuma ngeNkathi Yokukhanyiselwa. Insimu iphindwe kabili, inani labantu liphindwe kathathu nenani lokukhiqizwa komnotho liphindwe kasithupha. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu sale ntuthuko sibonakala kwezimayini, i-axis emaphakathi yezomnotho okuthi, ngenkathi isagqilaza, isuke ekusebenzeni kwama-peso angu-3 300 000 ngo-1670 kuya ku-27,000,000 ngo-1804.
Ubuningi beNew Spain bubonakala emsebenzini omkhulu wokwakha futhi kuchichima ebukhazikhazini beBaroque, kungaleso sikhathi lapho e-Antequera bakha khona, phakathi kokunye, iSonto LamaRosari leSonto LaseSanto Domingo, iSonto LamaSulumane ISoledad, iSan Agustín neConsolación.
Ikhulu le-18 kwakuyikhulu leminyaka lokuvuselela izinguquko kwezepolitiki nakwezomnotho okwenziwa ngamakhosi aseBourbon.
Ngo-1800, iMexico yayisiphenduke izwe lomcebo ongaphezu kovamile kepha futhi nobumpofu obedlulele, iningi labantu lalinamathele kuma-haciendas nakuma-communes, baphathwa kabi ezindaweni zokusebenza, begqilazwa ezimayini nasezigayweni, ngaphandle kwenkululeko, ngaphandle kwemali. futhi ngaphandle kwanoma yiliphi ithuba lokuthuthuka.
AbaseSpain abanenhlonipho babenamandla amakhulu ezombusazwe nezomnotho; Izimo ezinjalo zokungalingani kwezenhlalo, ezomnotho nezepolitiki zathola ukungezwani nokunganeliseki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthelela wemicimbi efana neFrance Revolution, ukuzimela kwe-United States kanye ne-English Industrial Revolution kunyakazisa onembeza baseMelika nomqondo we-Independence of New Spain uqala ukukhula kumaCreoles.
