Njengoba wawusendle futhi unamandla njengoba wawunjalo ezinsukwini zikaKaputeni Juan de Grijalva, umfula ungamandla angathintwanga aphuma ezintabeni eziphakeme zaseGuatemala.
Njengoba wawusendle futhi unamandla njengoba wawunjalo ezinsukwini zikaKaputeni Juan de Grijalva, umfula ungamandla angathintwanga okhuphuka ezintabeni eziphakeme zaseGuatemala futhi uma usuqoqa amanzi eLacantún, i-Usumacinta ingena endaweni yaseMexico nakho konke okukhona manje. kuyashesha futhi kujulile uze wenze ukungena kwakho kokunqoba emcimbini omangalisayo weBoca del Cerro canyon.
Iqhubeka nenkambo yayo ebheke eningizimu-ntshonalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga futhi ingena ezindleleni ezinkulu eziphakathi kwezigodi nezintaba ezisika indlela yayo emadwaleni amatshe amatshe, amasaka namatshe esihlabathi aseCretaceous, ahlala kusendlalelo esijule kakhulu esakhiwe amadiphozithi weJurassic.
Uma iqoqa amanzi eLacantún, i-Usumacinta ingena endaweni yaseMexico, lapho ichazwa khona ngamandla ayo ajulile futhi asheshayo; ngemuva nje kwalokho, unqamula idolobha elihle laseMayan iYaxchilán, bese amanzi alo engakwazi ukuqondakala, amabhange akhuphuka futhi ama-rapids okuqala avela emfuleni oboshiwe, i-Anaité, elandelwa i-El Cayo, iPiedras Negras futhi ekugcineni iSan José, e Kusuka lapho iwela phakathi kwezihosha ezivulwe ngamandla ezinkulungwane zeminyaka ngokuguguleka komfula.
NGEMUVA KOKUVULA AMA-200 KM
Ekugcineni, umfula ongcwele wezinkawu wenza ukungena kwawo ngokunqoba eBoca del Cerro canyon enhle, umsebenzi omuhle wemvelo ozungezwe amawa amakhulu angama-200 m, ahluke ngombala okhanyayo we-orange webhuloho lensimbi eliwela kulo Uhlangothi olusenyakatho. Ngenxa yobuhle bayo obubabazekayo nokwehlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo, le canyon ingenye yezindawo ezikhangayo eziphawuleka kakhulu kumasipala waseTenosique, eTabasco, lapho izindaba zizungeza khona ngemihume emikhulu efinyelela emanxiweni asePalenque nasemigodini eyambiwa kudala.
Ukwembula lezi zimfihlakalo, njengenjwayelo ngihambisana noPedro García Conde, Amaury Soler, Ricardo Araiza, Paco Hernández noRamiro Porter; I-adventure yethu iqala esikhungweni se-San Carlos, lapho sisuka khona ekuseni.
NGOKUDLULA
Ngobubanzi obumaphakathi obuyi-150 m nombala oluhlaza okwesimaragidu, ukugeleza kwe-Usumacinta kungadlula amakhilomitha ambalwa, okukuvumela ukuthi uthande izindonga eziphakeme eziphakama ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye lomhosha kanye nemikhosi yasehlathini zimboza ngisho iziqongo zazo eziphakeme kakhulu. Sicela umshayeli wethu wesikebhe, u-Apolinar López Martínez, ukuba asiyise emadolobheni aseSan José, bese siqala lapho ukuhlola ngomfula.
Ngesikhathi sokuzulazula asilahlekelwa yimininingwane yezimila ezinhle zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezimboza amawa namabhange. Ngaphambili inkosi yalezi zindawo kwakuyi-mahogany (iSwietenia macrophylla), eyakhuphuka yafika kuma-50 noma ama-60 m, imemezela ubukhulu bayo bezitshalo ehlathini laseMayan. Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezithile ezisezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zeLacandonia, kepha indawo yazo ithathwe ezinye izinhlobo ezinamandla kangako njenge-El Ramón, Canshán, Pukté, Mocayo neBellota gris. Izinkawu, ama-jaguar, ama-ocelots, ama-tapir, izinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe, amalulwane, nezinyoni ezingapheli nezihuquzelayo zihlala lapho.
Lapho sisondela kakhulu ogwini, umsindo wezimoto uxwayisa iqembu lezinkawu (i-Allouatta palliata) eziphumule esihlahleni; Bethukuthele, abakwaSaraguato basinikezela ekhonsathini lokumemeza okuyisimanga okuzwakala kuwo wonke umhosha. Ayikho i-zoo emhlabeni, noma ngabe yesimanje futhi isebenza kanjani, ekwazi ukunikela ngalo mdwebo omuhle esiwuthanda kakhulu. Ngokuqhubeka, osebeni olumqansa futhi sihaqwe uhlaza, sabona inyamazane enemisila emhlophe.
INDAWO YOKUQALA
Phakathi kwama-rapids aseSan José naseSan Joseíto sihlola umhume, hhayi ujule kakhulu, kepha indawo ezungezile iyamangalisa, yakhiwe ngamatshe amakhulu amadwala aphukile lapho kugcwele khona izindlu ezinamadwala, imengamo yemvelo nemifantu ekahle yokuqwala.
Emuva emfuleni sihamba ngomkhumbi sibheke lapho kutholakala khona imigudu; Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi ngabe kukhona akwaziyo ngabo, uDon Apolinar uphendula ngokuthi bangu-12 babo futhi bavubukulwa yiFederal Electricity Commission phakathi konyaka we-1966 nowe-1972 ukuyofundela i-geology yesifunda. Lapha, umbhede womfula i-Usumacinta unobubanzi obusukela ku-150 kuye kuma-250 m, futhi yize ebusweni ubonakala unganyakazi futhi uzolile, ngaphansi kwawo kuhamba ngamandla asabekayo nangejubane, okwazi ukudonsela umbhukudi onolwazi ongaphezulu ezansi. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yalesi sizathu izikebhe eziwela amanzi ayo ziwumngcingo ikakhulukazi, ukufeza ukushesha okulula nokushesha.
Emizuzwini embalwa siphambi komhubhe ovulekile odongeni olusentshonalanga lomhosha, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayisishiyagalombili ngaphezu kogu lomfula; umhubhe ungunxande, unegalari engama-60 m ubude nezindima ezimbili eziseceleni ezimfushane. Umhubhe wesibili utholakala odongeni oluhlukile. Cishe ifana ncamashi naleyo esisanda kuyihlola, kepha inkudlwana futhi ibanzi, inebhalari ende engama-73.75 m kanye nendima eseceleni ngakwesokunxele elinganisa amamitha angama-36.
Izibankwa, amalulwane, izicabucabu, nezinambuzane ezikhasayo yizona zinto eziqashiwe zalezi zimbobo ezingekho ngaphandle kwezimanga, ngaphakathi kwazo kunamathambo ezilwane, izitobhu, ikhebula leziqhumane - i -ermacord- futhi umkhiqizo wezinto ezi-calcite ezintekenteke amanzi agcwele isikhutha.
IZIKHUNGO ZEPAKAL
Eduze lapha kunemihume emibili, owokuqala osebeni lomfula. Yize inganekwane ithi ifinyelela esizindeni seKing Pakal uqobo, ingama-106 m ubude kuphela; owesibili uvuna ngokwanele imizamo yethu; Kungumgogodla wezinsalela, onemibukiso namakamelo abanzi emazingeni amabili, lapho amasethi amahle ama-stalactites ahlobisa khona izindlu eziphakeme ngamamitha angama-20 ukuphakama. Yize uDon Apolinar echaza ukuthi lo mhume watholakala ngabagibeli bezintaba eminyakeni eyedlule, izingcezu zobumba ezisemnyango zikhombisa ukusetshenziswa okuyisiko okwakunikezwa wona ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi.
Lezi zinsalela zisikhumbuza ukuthi ngaphezu kokubaluleka kwayo okungokwemvelo, i-Usumacinta inokubaluleka okukhulu ngokomlando, ngoba ezikhathini zasendulo kwakuyi-axis yokuxhumana kwempucuko yamaMaya yenkathi yasendulo, kanye nemithombo yayo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngezikhathi zobukhazikhazi obukhulu besiko lamaMaya, kuya onyakeni wama-700 wesikhathi sethu, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezinhlanu ababehlala kule ndawo. Amadolobha aseYaxchilán, ePalenque, eBonampak nasePomoná aveza ukubaluleka kokuvubukula kwe-Usumacinta, kanye nezinkulungwane zamanye amasayithi amancane.
Ukubheka lokhu okungenhla kanye nokuzama ukukugcinela izizukulwane ezizayo, uhulumeni wezwe laseTabasco usezinhlelweni zokuhlanganisa le ndawo enhle kuHlelo Lwezindawo Zemvelo Oluvikelwe, abezolunikeza indawo engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25 igama le-Usumacinta River Canyon State Park.
