Lapho sifika emlonyeni weBusilhá, umsele ogeleza uMfula i-Usumacinta, asizange sikukholwe esakubona: impophoma enhle futhi enhle kakhulu, engoma yayo iyindlela yokuphila kwemvelo.
ILacandon Jungle, etholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeMexico, esifundazweni saseChiapas, ithathwa njengenye yezindawo zokugcina amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama eNyakatho Melika. Ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zemvelo, idlala indima ebalulekile njengomlawuli wesimo sezulu nemvula; Izimila zeLacandon Jungle zohlobo olubizwa ngehlathi eliphakeme elihlala liluhlaza kanye nehlathi elingaphansi elihlala liluhlaza, isimo sezulu silinganiselwa ku-22 ° C ngonyaka kanti izimvula zeqa ku-2,500 cm3 ngonyaka; endaweni yayo enkulu omunye wemifula emikhulu yezwe lethu uthola inkambo yawo, ebizwa ngokuthi "iPadre Usumacinta" ngabantu bendawo.
Ukuze uthole umbono wezinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukene, kwanele ukusho ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-15 zezimvemvane zasebusuku, ama-subspecies angama-65, izinhlobo ezingama-84 zezinambuzane, izinyoni ezingama-300 kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo eziyi-163, ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-amphibians amelwe ama-oda ama-2 nemindeni eyi-6.
Kunemisebenzi eminingi eyenzeka eLacandon Jungle: kusuka ekukhiqizeni kuya kokukhiqizayo, ngezolimo, ukongiwa kwemvelo nezokuvakasha; Kuleli cala lakamuva, iLacandona - njengoba yaziwa ngokungahlelekile - inamandla amakhulu okuthi, uma iqondiswe kahle, ingathatha isinqumo ekulondolozweni kwendawo, ngaphezu kokumelela enye imali engenayo yezomnotho kubantu bendawo.
Ukuvakasha kwezemvelo - okuqondwa njengomkhuba obhekelene ngqo, obhekiswe kakhulu ezindaweni ezingaphazamiseki noma ezingaphazanyiswanga - ngaleyo ndlela kuzoba ngomunye wamathuluzi amahle kakhulu okukhuthaza intuthuko esimeme nezinzuzo zomnotho wendawo kanye nokongiwa kweLacandona.
Ukuze sazi esinye sezimangaliso zaleli kona laseMexico, sinqume ukuvakashela ihlathi, eliqale ePalenque, elinye lamadolobha amakhulu amaMayan enkathi yasendulo, kanye neBonampak, iToniná neYaxchilán, okuyiyona edala kakhulu Ukufakwa okubalulekile kwamaMaya kulesi sifunda - ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukubaluleka kwabanye lapho kukhona nezinsalela zempucuko, ngaleso sikhathi, ezazingatholi mingcele futhi zasakazeka kuyo yonke iMelika Ephakathi.
Inhloso yalolu hambo kwakuwukwazi omunye wemifula etholakala kwinethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-hydrological yeLacandon Jungle, ebizwa eMayabusilháo "imbiza yamanzi". Sithatha umgwaqo osuka ePalenque uye ehlathini ngomgwaqo onguthelawayeka oseningizimu; ekhilomitheni lama-87 umphakathi waseNueva Esperanza Progresista, onikwa izakhiwo ezincane ingxenye yokugcina yalo mfula engaphansi.
Ukuthintana kwethu kokuqala bekungumqhubi wekhumbi emzileni weNueva Esperanza Progresista-Palenque. (Ushiya umphakathi ngo-6: 00 ekuseni abuye ngo-2: 00 ntambama, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuthatha lowo mzila kufanele ube sePalenque ngo-11: 00 a.m.) Umgwaqo ugandaywe ngokuphelele kuze kube ikhilomitha 87 lapho uthatha igebe lokungcola elingamakhilomitha ama-3 uye enkabeni yedolobha. Kulapha lapho uhambo nokufunda kwethu okwedlule kwehlathi kwaqala khona ngempela, sibonga uDon Aquiles Ramírez, owayehamba nendodana yakhe, owasiholela ezindleleni ezahlukahlukene.
Ingxenye yokuqala yohambo oluya emfuleni iBusilhá ingenziwa ngezinyawo noma ngeloli ngokusebenzisa igebe lisesimweni esihle, imoto ingathwala imishini okwehla ngayo emfuleni i-Usumacinta ize ifike esifundeni saseTabasco; lapha lo mfula ulahlekelwa inkambo yawo futhi uphelela ezindaweni ezinezikhukhula, ezimele i-adventure engenakuqhathaniswa kuwo womabili amanzi apholile nayaluzayo. Sidlule ezindaweni ezincane noma ezifundeni imisebenzi yazo emikhulu kwezolimo nemfuyo, futhi sabona ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu ukuthi kukhona uhlaza lwemvelo oluncane kakhulu: sabona kuphela amadlelo kanye nezinsimu zommbila.
Ingxenye yesibili yalesi sigaba ingamakhilomitha ayi-7.3 ukusuka emphakathini kuya emlonyeni womfula. Manje uhlaza oluguquliwe luxubene nendawo yemvelo yesifunda, futhi njengoba sisondela lapho siya khona sithola ezinye izinto zemvelo, njengezitshalo, izihlahla ezinkulu, izinyoni nezinye izilwane. Enye indlela yokufika lapho ukuqala kusuka eFrontera Corozal, idolobha laseChol elidabuka ku-170 km ukusuka ePalenque kuya empumalanga. Ukusuka lapha kungenzeka ukwehla ngoMfula i-Usumacinta bese ufinyelela emlonyeni weBusilhá.
Umfula iBusilhá uzalwa lapho kuhlangana khona uMfula iLacantún - ovela engxenyeni eseningizimu yeLacandona Forest- nemifula iPasión neSalinas - eqala esifundeni esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeGuatemala-. Umsele wayo udlulela ebangeni elingaphezudlwana kwamakhilomitha angama-80 ukusuka ethafeni laseLacandón, endaweni ebizwa nge-El Desempeño, ugudla imiphakathi eminingana uze ufike ekugcineni kwawo futhi ukhokhele i-Usumacinta, kanye neminye imifula yale nethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-hydrological. .
Ukuvakasha kwesifunda esisenyakatho sehlathi kunika umlando womlando wakamuva: izindawo ezinkulu ezivulekele imfuyo nezolimo, okuncike ekuhlwanyelweni kommbila okuyo yonke indawo (iZea mays) ne-chili (Capsicum annum). Kepha phakathi kwalezi namabhange emifula sithola uhlaza olutholakala kule ndawo, njengomsedari obomvu (Cedrela odorata), mahogany (Swietenia macrophilla), jovillo (Astronium tombolens) phakathi kwemivini (Monstera sp.) Kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezintende .
Izinyoni zindiza phezu kwethu zifuna ukudla noma indawo yokuya khona; i-toucan (i-Ramphastus sulfuratus), amajuba nama-parakeets ajwayelekile; ngenkathi siwabuka sasizwa ukukhala kwezinkawu ezishayayo (i-Alouatta pigra) futhi sijabulele umbukwane owenziwa ama-otters (uLontra ngicaudis) lapho sibhukuda emfuleni. Esifundeni kukhona nama-raccoon, ama-armadillos nezinye izilwane okunzima ukuzibona ngenxa yemikhuba yazo.
Abahlali bendawo yase-Esperanza Progresista banethemba lokwenza imisebenzi yezokuvakasha. Kungumphakathi wabanikazi abancane owasungulwa eminyakeni engama-22 eyedlule nabantu abavela eMacuspana (Tabasco), ePalenque nasePichucalco (Chipas). Umqondisi wethu, uDon Aquiles Ramírez, oneminyaka engama-60 ubudala, umsunguli waleli koloni futhi onolwazi olukhulu ehlathini, uyasitshela: “Ngafika ehlathini eminyakeni engama-37 edlule, ngashiya indawo engazalelwa kuyo ngoba kwakungasekho mhlaba umsebenzi nabanikazi bazo bazigcine njengezisebenzi ezinamajuba. "
Ngokuvalwa kokukhishwa kwezingodo yizinkampani, ezazisemifuleni emikhulu yeLacandon Jungle (Jataté, Usumacinta, Chocolhá, Busilhá, Perlas, njll.), Imiphakathi eminingi emincane yahlukaniswa ehlathini. Ngokuvulwa kwemigwaqo yokukhishwa kukawoyela, izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba zenziwa amakholoni ngabantu abavela enyakatho nasenkabeni yesifundazwe saseChiapas. Amaqembu amaningi asezitholile izinqumo zawo zezolimo ngezipho ezidlula eziyalezweni zomphakathi waseLacandona naseMontes Azules Reserve uqobo.
Ngokwabiwa komhlaba nokwakhiwa koMphakathi waseLacandon phakathi konyaka we-1972 nowe-1976, imiphakathi eminingi emincane yathuthwa yafakwa ezindaweni ezazibizwa ngeNew Population Centres, ezazingenakho ukuvela okwamukelekayo ngokuphelele kwabahlali bakule ndawo.
Phakathi kwengcindezi yezinkampani ezigawula imithi nemizabalazo yezenhlalo yesifunda, ngo-1975 kwaqubuka umlilo owasakazeka ngaphezu kwamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50 futhi wadonsa izinyanga ezimbalwa; Izinsizakusebenza zemvelo engxenyeni esenyakatho yehlathi zaphela futhi ingxenye enhle yendawo ethintekile yaguqulwa yaba amadlelo kanye nomhlaba wezolimo.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi, ekugcineni umgwaqo wafika; ngayo, ezokuhamba kanye nezivakashi eziningi ezinentshisekelo yokwazisa izindawo zemvelo kwesinye sezifunda zaseMexico ezinokwehluka kakhulu kwezemvelo namasiko.
Enye yezinzuzo zemigwaqo egandayiwe noma yetiyela ukuthi benza lula ulwazi lwezindawo eziningi zemvelo, zemivubukulo namasiko ezazivaliwe phambilini ngenxa yokushoda kokutholakala, kepha okubi ukuthi azibonwa ngokucophelela ngokwanele noma zijatshulelwa ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithelela yemvelo ekhiqizwa yimigwaqo kanye nezokuvakasha engahlelwanga kahle yehlisa umcebo wemvelo namasiko ahlala kulezi zindawo, futhi abeka engcupheni yokulahleka unomphela.
Phakathi kwezingxoxo noDon Aquiles nendodana yakhe, sangena ehlathini saze safika lapho sasilibangise khona. Silinganisa sivela kude siyabonga umfula owafika waqhubeka nendlela yawo; sifike emlonyeni waso futhi, njengekhethini lamaparele agingqikayo, ubonakale ekhokha inani elibi ngesibindi sakhe sokubhekana nekholomu. Umfula iBusilhá uyanikela lapho uhlangana ne-Usumacinta, hhayi ngaphansi kokwehla kwawo.
Ngenxa yokwehluka ebangeni eliphakeme, umlomo weBusilhá wakha impophoma emangalisayo. Yayinhle, inhle futhi inhle kakhulu, inethonsi lokuqala lamamitha ayisikhombisa ukuphakama futhi kamuva yakha amazinga ahlukene sengathi ukuzulazula inkokhiso yayo.
Ngemuva kokuyithanda nokujabulela imizuzu engalibaleki yokuzindla nokwazisa ngemvelo, sinqume ukubhukuda emanzini ayo futhi siwuhlole. Sisizwe ngentambo sehla phakathi kwamatshe alala eceleni kweqa lokuqala futhi echibini elenziwe sakwazi ukuzicwilisa emanzini. Amazinga alandelayo asimeme ukuthi sizame ukulandela inkambo yabo, noma besicabanga ukuthi yisinyathelo sesibili kuphela esivumela ukuthi sigxume ngaphandle kwengozi.
Lapho umfula i-Usumacinta ukhuphuka ngenkathi yemvula, amazinga aphansi empophoma ayambozwa bese kusala izitshalo ezimbili kuphela; kepha hhayi ngalokhu ubuhle bempophoma bungaphansi. Ukuthatha uhambo ngesihlenga ngalesi sigaba se-Usumacinta kuyahlaba umxhwele futhi kuyithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuxhumana nemvelo.
Kuphela kanjalo-ke lokhu okwenzeka eLacandon Jungle. Lapho sihamba kakhulu, kulapho sibona khona ukuthi kuncane kangakanani esikwaziyo.
