Kusantambama futhi umkhathizwe uqala ukunikeza amazwibela okuqala okucaca. Ayisekho iCumbres de Maltrata emangalisayo nolayini bayo bamaloli asindayo kanye namaKaffirs aphikisana nokufa emajikeni adonswe kwalasha.
Siliphasile futhi icala lika-Esperanza kanye nedolobha i-Atzizintla neTexmalaquilla. Manje imoto yethu inyuka ngomgwaqo owubhuqu oholela emithambekeni yezintaba-mlilo i-Atlitzin neCitlaltépetl. Umgwaqo, kwezinye izingxenye, unemifantu yokuthi ngenkathi yezimvula kungaba yisithiyo esingenakunqotshwa; kodwa-ke, siyaqhubeka size sibe ngaphezu kuka-3,500 m asl lapho simisa khona imoto ukuqala ukwenyuka ngezinyawo. URubén, oseneminyaka eyi-15 eyazi le ndawo (yize bengingasoli ukuthi i-Atlitzin ibiphezulu kangaka), uyangiqondisa ebheke enyakatho nentaba.
Njengoba usuku luqhubeka, imisebe yokuqala yelanga ipenda umthambeka osempumalanga wePico de Orizaba nezindawo ezinotshani zaseSierra Negra noma intaba-mlilo i-Atlitzin (iNuestra Señora de la Agüita) egolide.
Ukusa kucace bha lapho sidlula ehlathini uhlaza oluye lwaphela ukucinana iminyaka eminingana. Phambi kwemithi emikhulu egawuliwe esiyithole endleleni, uRubén uchaza ukuthi izimpande zabo zimbiwe zanqunywa ukuze ziwe. Ngakho-ke, abagawuli bemithi bathi abangenelanga ekuweni kwayo; Baqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi wawa “ngoba wawumdala”, futhi basebenzisa izimbazo namasaha ukuwuquma.
Intukuthelo nokudabuka okubangelwe ukuwohloka kwehlathi kuyasuswa yizwe. Emithambekeni yalo eseningizimu-mpumalanga, iPico de Orizaba ikhombisa izinsalela zikashimula ogugile, owaziwa ngabagibeli bezintaba njengeTorrecillas: Eduze kwawo, ngokusondeza kwekhamera, ngibona ichashazi elibomvu; ihostela eliseningizimu yeCitlaltépetl. Uma uthi nhlá ungabheka indlela ekhuphukela ogwini lokunye kokugeleza okukhulu kwelava.
Ngesikhathi sokukhuphukela e-Atlitzin sibona ukuthi kancane kancane izimila ziba yindlala kangakanani. Ekuphakameni okungaphezulu kwezi-4,000 m ezinye izihlahla zikaphayini zisaphila; kodwa-ke, izimila ezikhona yiziqhingi nezinye izitshalo eziphakeme zezintaba. Ngokungazelelwe, embhedeni wamatshe abomvu, ukuhleleka okungokwemvelo kwezimbali eziphuzi kanye nokufihla okumpunga kuyasimangaza. Kokunye, eceleni kwamatshe ahlekisayo, isihlahla sentaba siqhakaza njengobhekilanga owomile. Amanye amatshe ambozwe ungqimba lukhense oluhlaza noma obomvu lapho ezinye izinambuzane zivame ukuhlala khona.
Ngaphansi nje kwamamitha ayi-4,500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, sifinyelela kwelinye lamahlombe eSierra Negra lapho singabona khona, empumalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga, izintaba eziphansi zaseVeracruz, iSierra de Zongolica nezinye izigodi. Ngaseningizimu ubheke eTehuacán, ungabona iSierra de Tecamachalco futhi ngasenyakatho iPico de Orizaba. Kusukela kuleli qophelo ungalithanda ngokuphelele, emithambekeni yeCitlaltépetl, ulimi olukhulu lwedwala lwentaba-mlilo eceleni kweCerro Colorado, futhi ngenxa yobukhulu bezihlahla zikaphayini osebeni lwalo, sibala ukuthi ukugeleza okunjalo akunakuba ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-100. phezulu. Yeka ukuthi bekungaba kuhle kanjani ukucabanga, endaweni yesehlakalo ebusuku, leya mlilo ehla thwi phansi emithambekeni!
Siyaqhubeka nendlela yethu sikhathazekile ngamafu aseqala ukumboza izingqungquthela zombili iCitlaltépetl ne-Atlitzin, kepha ukudonsa kokugcina kunzima kakhulu. Kwelinye lamakhefu, uRubén usebenzisa ithuba lokuthwebula igquma laseTepoztécatl, ngasempumalanga, ngefasitela amafu amnikeza lona imizuzwana embalwa. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, le ntaba ingamelela kahle indawo yaseMartian. Esikhathini esidlule, izigidi zeminyaka eyedlule, mhlawumbe ukuzamazama komhlaba kwabangela ukuwa kwezindonga ezisogwini oluseningizimu, okungabonakala lapho inkungu ishiya iCumbres de Maltrata isuka eSan José Cuyachapa.
Amamitha ambalwa ngaphambi kokufika phezulu sibona iziphambano ezintathu ezincane. Izinsalela zalesi sigodi esikhukhulayo ziyavela futhi zinyamalale emvilophini emhlophe yamafu efana nezipoki ezihlala lapho. Esinye seziphambano sibekelwe iNhliziyo Engcwele kaJesu, esinye sinikezelwe imbongi yentaba, umlingiswa owakhuphuka intaba-mlilo ukuthola imyuziyamu yakhe, kanti okuncane kunakho konke kunegumbi lalo esime njengendunduma lapho kunesithombe khona ukhonkolo ngeminikelo nemigexo. Inkungu isimboza kancane, futhi ngenkathi sisalinde amafu anyakaze, uRubén uyalala bese ngiyalala okomzuzwana. Ngokungazelelwe, imisebe yelanga iphazamisa ukuphumula kwami futhi imicu yamaCitlaltépetl yamafu isikhashana. Kodwa-ke, indawo ebheke entshonalanga ihlala inamafu futhi iyasiphika umbono wePopocatépetl ne-Iztaccíhuatl.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuqala ukubuya, ngibheke ngasemgodini odilikayo wentaba-mlilo iSierra Negra noma i-Atlitzin, engeyona futhi ingaphansi kwesihlanu ingqungquthela yezwe.
Wehla ngendlela ezolile; Endlini eseTexmalaquilla basinikeza ukudla futhi eSan José Atlitzin sanelisa ukungazinzi kwethu kwezithombe. Ezindleleni zalo ezingenamuntu, izintuli eziphakanyiswe umhlambi wezimvu ezeluswe yinsizwa azanele ukufihla inqwaba ye-Atlitzin. Ukuvalelisa kuthulekile.
ISIERRA NEGRA: IVOLCANO elingaziwa
Umbhalo: Rubén B. Morante
Uma ngingakutshela ukuthi ingqungquthela yesihlanu eMexico ayibonwanga ngababhali bezindawo, ungangikholwa? Iyintaba ephakeme kuneMalinche, iNevado de Colima neCofre de Perote; kodwa-ke, uma sizama ukukuthola ezincwadini zejografi, sizobona ukuthi kuningi lazo akuveli nokuvela. Ukuphakama kwayo, ngokusho kweshadi le-INEGI 1: 50000, elihambisana ne-Orizaba (E14B56), lingama-4 583 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, okungamamitha ayi-120 ngaphezulu kweLa Malinche, intaba-mlilo ebhekwa njengesiqongo sesihlanu ezweni futhi manje kuzokwenzeka ukuthi sithathe isikhundla sesithupha. Mhlawumbe ukusondelana kakhulu nesiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke endaweni yaseMexico yisizathu sokuthi kungani kuhlala kunganakwa. Umakhelwane wayo osondelene kuphela, iPico de Orizaba, kanye nePopocatépetl, Iztaccíhuatl neNevado de Toluca abedlula lokhu phezulu.
Sikholwa ukuthi le khomishini kufanele ilungiswe, ngoba njengoba sizobona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iyisikhulu esizimele ngokuphelele esivela eCitlaltépetl, futhi ayigcinanga ngokwakhiwa ngesikhathi esihlukile kepha ukuqhuma kwayo kwaphonsa izinto ezihlukile. Sikhuluma ngentaba-mlilo i-Atlitzin, eyaziwa kangcono njengeSierra Negra noma iCerro La Negra, esesifundazweni sasePuebla, yize imithambeka yayo ifinyelela endaweni yaseVeracruz.
Intaba-mlilo i-Atlitzin, eyaziwa kangcono njengeSierra Negra noma iCerro La Negra, ithola leli gama lesibili ngoba libonwa ohlangothini olulodwa lweqhwa elimhlophe lasePico de Orizaba, kubukeka sengathi lukhulu kakhulu kunalokho okuyikho ngempela. Yigodi eliguguleke kakhulu eliyingxenye yezinye zezinhlelo ezibalulekile zokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo eziseNeovolcanic Axis noma eSierra Volcánica Transversal, okuyizintaba eziyinhloko zezwe lethu eziyingxenye yazo. Yakhiwa ngaphambi kweCitlaltépetl, ekupheleni kweMiocene. Ngalesi sizathu, ayinakubhekwa njengoshimula wesibili wePico de Orizaba, ohlukaniswe kuwo ngokusobala ngokwandiswa komhlaba onomthambeka omncane oqala ku-4,000 m asl futhi oyisiketi esiseningizimu seCitlaltépetl. Kuleli thambeka, kancane entshonalanga, kuvela isigaxa sesinanakazana, okungukuthi, umzila wesibili wePico de Orizaba, owaziwa ngokuthi yiCerro Colorado futhi ubude bawo bungu-4,460 m. Igquma elinjalo, siyavuma, alisho ukuphakama okuzimele.
Intaba-mlilo iSierra Negra ihlupheke kakhulu ngenxa yenqubo yokuguguleka komhlaba yaze yalahlekelwa yizindonga zoshimula wayo. Esifundweni sakhe esibalulekile sePico de Orizaba esenziwe ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, isazi sokuma komhlaba uPaul Waitz uthi iSierra Negra yakhiwa ngenqubo ende, futhi phakathi nalesi sikhathi intaba ebanzi yokuqhuma kokuqala yagcwala udaka. kokuchitheka kamuva, okwabe kuyisisekelo esisha njengoba nalapho inqubo yayiphindwa khona, okwenyusa intaba-mlilo ngokwengeziwe. Uchungechunge lwezintaba lapho iSierra Negra iyisithangamu esiseningizimu kakhulu, lusuka eningizimu luye enyakatho, lufinyelela eCofre de Perote bese luvala i-Oriental Basin, luvimbele ukuphuma kwemifula nemifudlana kusuka esigodini sasePuebla kuya eGulf of Mexico .
ISierra Negra ingaphakathi kwalapho bekuyiPico de Orizaba National Park, futhi sithi ngaphandle ngoba ngenxa yezindawo zokuhlala abantu nokuxhashazwa ngesihluku kwamahlathi ayo ilahlekelwe ngaphezu kwengxenye yamahektare ayi-19,750 okuqala, okubeka ngezansi ubuncane bamahektare ayi-10 000 epaki likazwelonke elisungulwe yi-un engqungqutheleni yesibili yomhlaba yamapaki kazwelonke ngoSepthemba 1972.
Isimo sezulu eSierra Negra sibanda njengomswakama futhi amazinga okushisa aso angaba kusuka ku-10ºC kuye ku-20ºC. Ngesikhathi sasebusika iqhwa livame ukuliguqula libe “uhla olumhlophe lwezintaba”, kepha entwasahlobo isihlabathi esimpunga namatshe angenalutho kuyibuyisela ukubukeka okuyinikeze igama layo. Izimila ngokuyisisekelo zakhiwe izihlahlana nemithi eminyene, phakathi kwazo okubusa izihlahla zezinhlobo ze-bartwegii, ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphezu kwamamitha angama-3 800. Sithola namakhakhasi (amakhakhasi angcwele), izindawo ezinotshani (ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-zacatones) nezihlahlana zezimbali ezikhangayo njenge-jarritos ne-elamaxbuitl. Engqungqutheleni kusinda ubulembu nobulembu kuphela, kanti phakathi kwezilwane kukhona onogwaja, amankankane, izingwejeje, izimpungushe, amankankane, izibankwa nezinyoni ezifana namagwababa noklebe.
Umthombo: Engaziwa iMexico engu-217 / Mashi 1995
