Umsindo wawuvale izindlebe futhi inqwaba yezinyoni ezinemibala ehlukahlukene yajabula ngamagatsha ezihlahla ezinde kunazo zonke. Kancane kancane eningizimu, olunye uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu, yize lwalungaphansi kakhulu, nalo lwenza ukuba khona kwalo kwaziwe ngengoma yalo ephezulu futhi umumo walo wakhanya ngamathoni abomvu: kwakungamacaw, amanye aluhlaza amanye abomvu.
p> IGUACAMAYA ELILUHLAZA
Ijwayelekile kakhulu eMexico futhi ibizwa nangokuthi iPapagayo, Alo, Gop, X-op (Ara militaris, Linnaeus, 1776), uhlobo olunomzimba oluhlaza, kanti ikhanda nomsila kubomvu. Kunzima ukuhlukanisa insikazi kowesilisa, ngoba zombili zinobukhulu obukhulu obungaphezulu kwamasentimitha angama-60 kuye kwangama-75 ubude futhi azivezi ukufiphala kocansi. Ziyafana nje. Umbala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza cishe kuwo wonke umzimba uhlukile, unomqhele obomvu nengxenye yamaphiko ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; izihlathi zipinki kanti izimpaphe zomsila ziluhlaza okotshani. Ngokuqondene nentsha, imibala yayo iyefana neyabantu abadala.
Njengohlobo oluthile lakha izidleke zemithi ephilayo noma efile, kanye nasemigodini yamadwala namawa. Kulezi zimbotshana zizalela phakathi kwamaqanda amhlophe ayisiyingi noma amane. Akwaziwa kahle uma zizala njalo ngonyaka owodwa noma emibili, kepha cishe kulo lonke elaseMexico kubhalwe phansi ukuthi phakathi kuka-Okthoba noNovemba baqala inkathi yokuzala lapho kutholakala khona indawo yokwakha izidleke.
Emasontweni ambalwa, kuzalwa amaphuphu amabili, kanti phakathi kukaJanuwari noMashi kulapho amaphuphu azimele eshiya isidleke. Nguye kuphela ongafinyelela ebudaleni.
Lolu hlobo lusengcupheni ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yalo yokuhlala, ukuthunjwa kwezinkukhu kanye nabantu abadala ukuhweba kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe, nokusetshenziswa kwayo njengenyoni yokuhlobisa. Kodwa-ke, ukuhweba kwayo kubangela ukwehla kwamanje kwabantu bayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwabo nokuqhekeka kubhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu zokusinda. Ukushoda kwezindawo zokufaka izidleke ezifanele nakho kuthinta i-broodstock, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise inani lazo. Ukudliwa kwehlathi nakho kulimaza izihlahla ezinemigodi yokwakha izidleke eziye zagawulwa ukuze zibambe amaphuphu azo.
Kobabamkhulu bethu kwakuvamisile ukubona amaqembu amakhulu lapho benza izindiza nsuku zonke ukuthola ukudla, okubandakanya izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezithelo, imidumba, imbewu, izimbali kanye namahlumela amancane. Manje, le nyoni eyake yande njalo cishe ezweni lonke, ngaphandle kweBaja California, ithintekile ngokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo futhi lokhu kusatshalaliswa, okwakutholwe ekuqaleni kusuka enyakatho yeMexico kuya e-Argentina, kuncishisiwe. Kulezi zinsuku, indawo ehlala kuyo ihlanganisa ithafa elisogwini leGulf of Mexico, izigodi nezintaba ezisenkabeni nentshonalanga yePacific, neSierra Madre del Sur, lapho ihlotshaniswa namahlathi aphansi naphakathi, yize kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela emahlathini ama-oki namaphayini.
IGUQAMAYA ELIBOMVU
Enye yezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu eMelika yi-macaw ebomvu, ebizwa nangokuthi iPapagayo, i-Alo, i-Ah-k'ota, i-Mox, i-Gop, i-X-op, (i-Ara macao Linnaeus, 1758), enombala obomvu nosayizi omkhulu - phakathi kuka-70 ngama-95 cm - zimenza abukeke emangalisa. Kudala bekuyinhlobo ejwayelekile evela enyakatho yeMexico kuya eBrazil, futhi nasemashumini eminyaka amuva nje ibihlala osebeni lwemifula ethile ezifundeni zaseTamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco naseCampeche. Kodwa-ke, namuhla linyamalale ngasogwini futhi alivamile ezindaweni lapho lihlala khona. Abantu ababili abasebenzayo kuphela abaye babhalwa, omunye emingceleni yezifunda zase-Oaxaca naseVeracruz kanti omunye eningizimu yeChiapas.
Izimpaphe ezihehayo ezingxenyeni eziningi zomzimba wazo, kusukela kobomvu kuya kobomvu, ziyefana kubo bobabili abadala. Ezinye izimpaphe zamaphiko ziphuzi futhi izimpaphe ezingezansi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okujulile. ubuso bubonisa isikhumba esingagqokile, sinama-irises aphuzi kubantu abadala futhi nsundu kubantu abasha. Kuliqiniso ukuthi izingxenye ezimibalabala zethonya lowesilisa ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, lapho benza imibukiso elula kakhulu, ngoba okubaluleke kakhulu kufaka imicibisholo, ukwehlisa imilenze, ukuqagela kwamaphiko phansi, ukuvuleka kwabafundi, ukumiswa kwesisekelo, njll. Bathandana bodwa futhi uma nje ukunqotshwa sekwenziwe, yena futhi uhlikihla imilomo yabo, ahlanze izimpaphe zabo futhi anikezane ngokudla, aze alandele.
Ngokuvamile, ama-macaws abomvu azala njalo unyaka ngamunye kuya kwemibili.
Isikhathi sazo siqala phakathi kukaDisemba noFebruwari, lapho bethola khona izimbotshana ezishiywa ngababuthi bokhuni noma ezinye izinyoni, lapho befukamela khona iqanda elilodwa noma amaningi amasonto amathathu. Intsha engakwazi ukuzivikela ikhula ngaphakathi, kuyilapho abazali bayo beyondla imifino evuselelwe futhi egaye kancane; lesi sigaba siphela phakathi kuka-Ephreli noJuni.
Kukaningi, eminye imibhangqwana ikwazi ukufuya izinkukhu ezimbili, kepha imvamisa eyodwa kuphela efinyelela ebudaleni, njengoba kunokufa okungaphezu kwama-50%.
Yizinyoni ezindiza kakhulu ezihamba amabanga amade ukuyokondla nokuthola izithelo zama-amate, amasundu, i-sapodilla, i-ramon, ama-pods nezimbali, amahlumela amathenda nezinye izinambuzane, okuyizinto ezakha ukudla ezikuthandayo futhi ezisakazeke ezindaweni ezinkulu. Indawo abahlala kuyo iphezulu, amahlathi ahlala eluhlaza, kanye nemifula emikhulu eshisayo, njenge-Usumacinta, lapho basinde khona futhi babekezelela ukuphazamiseka okubangelwe yilezi zimvelo. Futhi, ihlotshaniswa namahlathi aphakathi ezindaweni ezisezintabeni eziphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwezazi zebhayoloji, le macaw idinga izindawo ezinkulu ezigcinwe kahle zehlathi ukuze zondle, zizalane futhi zisinde.
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zisengozini yokuqothulwa, njengoba amaqembu amakhulu okugcina enengcindezi efanayo eyawaqeda ezweni lonke: ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo yabo yokuhlala, ukuthunjwa kwabancane nabantu abadala ukuhweba, kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo noma imihlobiso egxishiwe. Futhi, bayathinteka ngenxa yezifo noma izidalwa eziyimvelo, njengezinkozi nezinyosi zase-Afrika. Yize bevikelwe yimithetho kazwelonke neyamazwe omhlaba, ukushushumbisa ngokungemthetho kuyaqhubeka futhi imikhankaso yokufunda ngemvelo iyadingeka ngokushesha ukuze kungabikho muntu othenga lolu hlobo noma esinye isilwane sasendle. Ngokunjalo, kuyinto ephambili ukwenza ucwaningo nokongiwa kwemvelo nabasindile bokugcina, ngoba nabo bazothinteka kumthelela wezemvelo kanye nentengo ephezulu ekhokhwa yilabo abayidayisayo, ebhizinisini elinenzuzo enkulu kangangoba ingabacisha.
Umthombo: Engaziwa iMexico No. 319 / Septhemba 2003
