Amachibi aseSan Bernardino, entshonalanga yezintaba zaseZongolica, ayingxenye yendawo ehlukile enentshisekelo enkulu yokwakheka komhlaba njengoba ibandakanya ukuba khona kwentaba-mlilo, endaweni enezintaba eyakhiwe cishe ngokuphelele ngamafula.
Amachibi aseSan Bernardino, entshonalanga yezintaba zaseZongolica, ayingxenye yendawo ehlukile enentshisekelo enkulu yokwakheka komhlaba njengoba ibandakanya ukuba khona kwentaba-mlilo, endaweni enezintaba eyakhiwe cishe ngokuphelele ngamafula.
Imephu ye-INEGI (i-El4B66 esikalini 1: 50,000) ikhombisa ngokusobala imigqa yemingcele yalokho okuthiwa Intaba-mlilo i-Otzelotzi, Isigaxa saso sihlukaniswe nokukhululeka kwamagquma nemifula ezungezile.
URubén Morante wayevakashele isiza eminyakeni eyedlule futhi wayenombono wokuthi amachibi angaba ama-calderas azungezile wesigaxa esikhulu, okunganikeza izinsimbi zentaba-mlilo inzalo enkulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlola indawo kwaholela ekutheni siphethe ngokuthi amachibi akhiwa ukuvinjelwa kwezigodi, njengomphumela wentaba-mlilo elandelanayo evela entabamlilo yase-Otzelotzi.
I-Otzelotzi ingenye yezintaba-mlilo eziseningizimu kakhulu ye-Neovolcanic Axis endaweni yasePuebla, futhi ihlangana ngokufana nomugqa oqala ukusuka eCofre del Perote uye eCitlaltépetl nase-Atlitzin, yize lezi zamuva zikude ngamakhilomitha angama-45. Ngeshwa, akukho lutho olushicilelwe maqondana ne-Otzelotzi, yize udokotela wesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba u-Agustín Ruiz Violante, ofunde amadwala asendaweni, aqinisekisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwayo kungokwasezindaweni eziphakeme, ukuze ubukhona bayo babuyele emuva kuphela amashumi ambalwa izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Ukuphakama kwamachibi, ngesilinganiso esingu-2 500 m asl, kuyefana nokwamachibi aseZempoala, eMorelos. EMexico, kuphela amachibi e-El Sol, neLa Luna, eNevado de Toluca, abadlula kakhulu, ngoba acishe abe ngu-4,000 m ukuphakama. Enye inzuzo yamachibi aseSan Bernardino ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye, ikakhulukazi iGrande Lagoon, ubuningi bezinhlanzi ezinkulu ze-largemouth, i-trout, nezinhlanzi ezimhlophe ezikhiqizayo.
UMBONO
Indawo eyandulela amachibi aseSan Bernardino ifanele uhambo lwayo yodwa. Ukusuka ekunqamuleni okuqhele ngamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka e-Azumbilla, emgwaqweni omkhulu waseTehuacán-Orizaba, indlela ewela indawo enokhuni enemihosha efinyelela ku-500 m ejulile iyaqala. amanye amagquma amele amahlamvu aminyene, kanti amanye akhombisa ukuguguleka kokugawulwa kwezihlahla ngokungakhethi. Ngenhlanhla, intaba-mlilo i-Otzelotzi ivikelwe yizakhamizi zaseSan Bernardino, ezivumela kuphela ukugawulwa okuncane ukuthi kwenziwe amalahle.
Safika ekuseni kakhulu, lapho amafu asaphumule emiqulwini yezintaba elele. URubén uqinisekisa ukuthi kunezinganekwane mayelana nezimfamona nezibuko, ngakho-ke omunye wemisebenzi yethu ukubuza izakhamuzi ezindala kakhulu zedolobha. Omunye umbuzo ubhekise kwimvelaphi yegquma: i-otzyotl, ngesiNahuatl, kusho ukukhulelwa, yotztiestar ukhulelwe noma ukhulelwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi igquma lalinencazelo ebalulekile maqondana nokuzala nokuthi abesifazane beza kuleyo ndawo ngenhloso yokuzama ukukhulelwa. Kusukela emgwaqeni onqamula i-Otzelotzi emithambekeni eseningizimu, kungenzeka ukucabanga ngechica lagoon, ngoba iGrande neLagunilla zitholakala endaweni ephakeme kakhulu ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga, ngokulandelana. Amachweba eChica anyukela kumamitha angu-2 440 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, iGrande lagoon ingama-2 500 neLagunilla ingama-2 600. Ngaphezu kosayizi wawo, amachibi ahlukile kumbala wamanzi awo: ichica lagoon brown, iGrande lagoon green neLagunilla blue .
Ngemuva kokushayela sibheke eSanta María del Monte futhi sithathe nezithombe ezithile zomhlaba, sibuyela esikhaleni sodaka esiholela kithi, ngasentabeni engasentshonalanga ye-Otzelotzi, siye edolobheni elincane laseSan Bernardino. Ngaleso sikhathi sase sivele sabona ukuthi ubukhona bomdabu buyindlala kule ngxenye ye-sierra. Izakhamizi eziningi zikhombisa inhlanganisela enezici eziqinile zesiCreole, futhi kunzima ukubona owomdabu omsulwa, njengaseZongoliza. Mhlawumbe ukufuduka kusuka kwezinye izindawo kuchaza ukungazi izindaba zakudala, ngenxa yabantu ebesikhuluma nabo, akekho noyedwa owaziyo ukuthi angasinikeza isizathu nganoma iyiphi inganekwane.
Intombazane yakulesi sigodi yanikela ngeqiniso elithokozisayo ngobuningi obugujwa ngosuku lokugcina lonyaka, ebusuku, engqungqutheleni yase-Otzelotzi, e-3,080 m asl. Wonke umphakathi uhamba nompristi lapho ukhuphuka, uzungezwe iziphambano eziyishumi nambili. Imashi iyahlaba umxhwele ngenxa yamakhandlela amaningi akhanyisa igebe elingu-500 m phakathi kwedolobha nengqungquthela.
Yize iningi lezivakashi ezivakashela amachibi la zikhetha ukuhamba ngomkhumbi eGrande Lagoon, nezikebhe eziqashiwe lapho, futhi zidle ezindaweni zokudlela ezisogwini, inhloso yethu enkulu ukumboza ukwenyuka phezulu, ukujabulela ubuhle bendawo thwebula izintaba ezizungezile. Ngezinsuku ezicacile kungenzeka, kusukela engqungqutheleni, ukucabanga, iPopocatépetl kanye ne-Iztaccíhuatl; Kodwa-ke, ngoba liguqubele ngasentshonalanga, kufanele saneliswe ngumbono omuhle kakhulu iPico de Orizaba asinika wona, osenyakatho.
Indlela ijabulisa ngokwedlulele ngenxa yohlaza oluminyene olondolozwa yi-Otzelotzi. Ngesinye isikhathi, uRubén uyama ukuthatha isithombe se-worm edwaleni le-pyroclastic engakwazi ukusibona kamuva njenge-crystalline tuff. Endaweni esikhuphukela kuyo asiboni izisekelo, amadwala angabonakala emthambekeni oseningizimu wentaba-mlilo.
Ukuguguleka kwalokhu kukhubaze umgodi. Isisekelo se-Otzelotzi singaphezudlwana kwamakhilomitha ama-2 ububanzi futhi eningizimu-mpumalanga siveza ukuphakama, okuyisisekelo sesigaxa sokuzijabulisa. Indawo ephakeme kakhulu ibheke ngasenyakatho yezimila zaleyo thambeka, cishe lapho ifika esiqongweni, yakhiwa amaxhaphozi asezintabeni, kanye nengxenye enkulu yethambeka elingasempumalanga, lapho iLagunilla nezindawo eziningana abantu abakude. Kusukela phezulu kuya eningizimu kukhona ithambeka elincane elihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa ehlathini eliminyene le-coniferous.
Umbono omuhle we-panoramic ubonakala kusuka enyakatho: ngaphambili ungabona ichweba laseGrande, futhi ngemuva, izintaba-mlilo iCitlaltépetl ne-Atlitzin. Ngenxa yohlaza, akunakwenzeka, kusukela phezulu, ukuhlukanisa ubheke eningizimu, kepha kuyaduduza ukwazi ukuthi izihlahla ziyaqhubeka nokuma, zibukeke futhi ziluhlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlaza lunikeza indawo yokuhlala izidalwa eziningi, njengonwabu oluncane esiluthole cishe phezulu futhi ludinga amakhamera ethu.
Ekugcineni senelisekile, ukulambela kwethu ukwakheka komhlaba, sabuyela emuva ehlehleni. Sishiye ukugibela isikebhe eGrande Lagoon saya komunye umcimbi futhi sahlalisa ipuleti lezinhlanzi ezimhlophe namabhiya ambalwa.
UMA UYA ESAN BERNARDINO LAGOONS
Uma usuka e-Orizaba uye eTehuacán, ngeCumbres de Acultzingo, udinga ukudlula i-Azumbilla cruise. Amakhilomitha amaningana kamuva, ohlangothini lwesobunxele, kunokuchezuka okubheke kuNicolás Bravo. Phakathi kwaleli dolobha neSanta María del Monte kukhona i-Otzelotzi. Umgwaqo wonke omkhulu ugandayiwe futhi kunendawo emfushane nje yokungena yokungena emnyango weSan Bernardino. Indawo ayinamahhotela noma amagalaji kaphethiloli. ITehuacán, iPuebla, idolobha eliseduzane futhi itholakala ngehora elilodwa uhamba ngemoto.
Umthombo: Engaziwa iMexico No. 233 / Julayi 1996
