Emahlathini aphansi, aphakeme, omile futhi anomswakama aseMexico kunamaqembu ezilwane zenhlalo ezifana nomuhlwa, izintuthwane noma iminyovu ehlala ngaphansi komhlaba, emagatsheni noma eziqwini zezihlahla; ziyizinhlobo eziguqulelwe ukuhlala ezindaweni ezihlukile.
Umhlaba onabantu kuwo wonke amazinga, lapho imvelo ibeka khona izimo ezinzima, ukuncintisana kudlulele, izigidi zezilwane nezitshalo zihlangana, futhi ubudlelwane obuyinkimbinkimbi namasu okusinda athuthuka aze aholele ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokuphila. Emahlathini aphansi, aphakeme, omile futhi anomswakama aseMexico kunamaqembu ezilwane zenhlalo ezifana nomuhlwa, izintuthwane noma iminyovu ehlala ngaphansi komhlaba, emagatsheni noma eziqwini zezihlahla; ziyizinhlobo eziguqulelwe ukuhlala ezindaweni ezihlukile. Umhlaba onabantu kuwo wonke amazinga, lapho imvelo ibeka khona izimo ezinzima, ukuncintisana kudlulele, izigidi zezilwane nezitshalo zihlangana, futhi ubudlelwane obuyinkimbinkimbi namasu okusinda athuthuka aze aholele ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokuphila.
Emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo namuhla kuphela ahlanganisa ngaphansi kwama-5% eplanethi, cishe isigamu sezinhlobo ezichaziwe zihlala; isimo sezulu esishisayo nomswakama ophakeme kudala imvelo efanelekile cishe kunoma yini ekhona. Lapha, konke kusekela izinqubo zokuphila futhi kuqukethe ukugxila okuphezulu kakhulu kwezinhlobo emhlabeni.
UKUQHUBEKA NEZINHLELO
EMexico imiphakathi yezinambuzane iyachuma ukuthi lapho kukhulunywa ngokukhethekile kakhulu ukwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi yabo, kwehlukaniswe kwaba izigaba ezintathu: abakhiqizi, abasebenzi namasosha, ngamunye ezinikele ekuqhubekiseleni phambili uhlobo, ukuvikela nokufuna ukudla. Izici zalaba bantu kanye nokuxhumana okuningi kwemvelo sekufundwe ezingeni lokuziphendukela kwemvelo, njengalezo lapho kuzuza uhlobo olulodwa lohlobo, zombili zithola izinzuzo noma zincike komunye nomunye. Ngakho-ke, ukubambisana noma ubudlelwano obuhle nobubi buvame ukunxephezela esikhathini eside futhi bubalulekile ekuguqukeni kwezinhlobo nasekuqiniseni imvelo. Lapha ubudlelwano obujwayelekile buyathuthuka futhi engxenyeni yezwe engaphezulu kokuhlalisana okungavamile kunganconywa; njengesibonelo kunesitshalo esimbozwe ngameva futhi sigadwe izinkulungwane zezintuthwane.
Isizwe sethu siyi-megadiverse futhi sinezinhlobo eziningi zom-acacia ezinobudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi nezintuthwane. I-Acacia, i-ergot noma uphondo lwenkunzi (i-Acacia cornigera) ikhula emahlathini, isihlahlana esilingana ngamamitha amahlanu ukuphakama futhi simbozwe yimigogodla emide engenamigodi, lapho kuhlala khona izintuthwane ezibomvu ezingaba ngu-1 kuya ku-1.5 cm, ezithathwa njengezidliwayo yizakhamizi zezifunda ezahlukahlukene. . Kule nhlangano ephawuleka kakhulu phakathi kwesitshalo nezintuthwane (i-Pseudomyrmex ferrugunea), yonke imiqolo inekoloni elingena emnyango wezeluleko kanye nengaphakathi elihlala izibungu ezingama-30 kanye nabasebenzi abayi-15. Lesi sitshalo esinameva esivela eMexico naseMelika Ephakathi sinikeza indawo yokuhlala nokudla, kanti izintuthwane zinikela ngezinto zokuzivikela ezisebenza kahle.
UMA KUKHONA IKOLONI
Akuzona zonke i-acacias (i-Acacia spp.), Yikuphi okuyizinombolo ezizungeze izinhlobo ezingama-700 ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezincike kulezi zinambuzane, futhi nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-180 zezintuthwane (Pseudomyrmex spp.) Emhlabeni zincike kuzo. Zimbalwa izintuthwane ezikhombise ikhono lokususa lezo eziye zakha isikhala. Ezinye izinhlobo ezihlala kulezi zinhlayiya azikwazi ukuhlala kwenye indawo: A. i-cornigera, enesiqu esibushelelezi nesimhlophe esinsundu, incike entuthwaneni uP. Ferrugunea, eyivikelayo, ngoba sekuphele iminyaka eyizinkulungwane zavela ku-symbiosis futhi manje lezi zintuthwane zizuze njengefa iphakethe lofuzo "lwabavikeli". Ngokunjalo, yonke imiphakathi ihlelwe yaba ukudla kwamawebhu ngokususelwa ekutheni ubani odla bani.
I-Acacia ikhiqiza amaqabunga unyaka wonke, noma ngenkathi eyomile, lapho ezinye izitshalo zilahlekelwe iningi lamahlamvu awo. Ngakho-ke izintuthwane ziba nokudla okuphephile ngakho-ke zigada amagatsha, ukuze zihlasele noma isiphi isinambuzane esisondela esizindeni sazo, futhi ngaso zondla amaphuphu azo. Zibuye zilume okuhlangana "nesitshalo sazo", zibhubhise imbewu nokhula oluzungeze isisekelo ukuze kungabikho muntu oncintisanayo ukuthola amanzi nezakhi zomzimba, ngakho-ke i-acacia ithatha indawo cishe engenazo izimila futhi abahlaseli banokufinyelela kuphela esiqwini. main, lapho abavikeli bexosha ngokushesha ukuhlaselwa okungaphambili. Kuyindlela yokuzivikela ephilayo.
Kumarekhodi enziwe ezihlahleni ze-acacia (Acacia collinsii) zamamitha amahlanu ezikhula emadlelweni nasemazweni aphazamisekile aseMelika Ephakathi, leli koloni linabasebenzi abangafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyishumi nanhlanu. Lapho isazi, uDkt. Janzen, ufunde kabanzi lokhu kuhlangana okuhlangene ngokuningiliziwe kusukela ngo-1966 futhi ukhombisa amathuba okuthi ukukhetha izakhi zofuzo kuyingxenye yobudlelwano obuzuzisayo. Umcwaningi ukhombisile ukuthi uma izintuthwane ziqedwa, isihlahla esisheshayo sihlaselwa yizinambuzane ezinciphisa noma sithintwe ezinye izitshalo, sikhula kancane singaze sibulawe; ngaphezu kwalokho, isithunzi sezimila ezincintisanayo singasisusa kungakapheli unyaka. Ngokusho kososayensi bezinto eziphilayo, lolu hlobo lwe-spiny lubonakala lulahlekile - noma alukaze lube nakho - ukuvikelwa kwamakhemikhali emithini edla ehlathini lethu.
Lapho izigaxa ezivuvukile nezide zifinyelela ekuvuthweni, zifinyelela phakathi kwamasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayishumi ngobude, kuthi kusuka kuthenda zimakwe endaweni ngqo lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona kuphela ukungena ngaphakathi; izintuthwane zibahlaba zingene kulokho okuzoba yikhaya lazo kuze kube phakade; bahlala ngaphakathi, banakekele izibungu futhi bavame ukuphuma bayozula umuthi wabo. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, bathola umthombo oyinhloko wamaprotheni namafutha ezincwadini eziguquliwe, ezibizwa ngeBelt noma imizimba yaseBeltian, efana "nezithelo" ezinemibala emithathu kuya kwemihlanu yombala obomvu, etholakala ezincwadini zamaqabunga; Futhi kuncike ekusithekeni okumnandi okukhiqizwa yizinhlayiya ezinkulu zompe ezitholakala ezansi kwamagatsha.
UKWENQATSHWA KWESIKHATHI
Akekho umuntu ongathinta lesi sitshalo, kuphela izinyoni ezithile ezinjengamakhalenda nababambi bezimpukane abakha izidleke futhi bafukamele amaqanda abo; izintuthwane ziyabekezelela kancane kancane laba baqashi. Kepha ukwenqaba kwakhe ezinye izilwane akupheli. Ngelinye ilanga entwasahlobo ngabona umbono ongajwayelekile enyakatho yesifundazwe saseVeracruz, lapho kufika iminyovu enkulu ezothatha umpe obala ogcinwe phansi kwegatsha, wawumunca, kodwa ngemizuzwana embalwa amaqhawe abomvu anolaka aqhamuka ezovikela ukudla kwawo; iminyovu, eyayinkulu ngokuphindwe kaningana, yabashaya futhi yandiza yangalimala. Lesi senzo singaphindwa kaningana ngosuku futhi kwenzeka okufanayo nakwezinye izinambuzane, okuvame ukuba njalo kwezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo iningi leMexico.
Emhlabeni wemvelo, izitshalo nezilwane zakha ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi bokusinda okunikeze izinhlobo ezingapheli zokuphila. Izinhlobo ziye zavela ngale ndlela ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Namuhla, isikhathi siyaphela kuwo wonke umuntu, isidalwa ngasinye ebesinokuzivumelanisa nemvelo sinezinkinga ezibhubhisa kakhulu futhi ezihlala njalo: ukuqothulwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Nsuku zonke imininingwane yofuzo efakiwe engaba lusizo kithina ilahlekile, njengoba sizama ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko ezisheshayo zemvelo ukugwema ukuqothulwa kwethu.
Umthombo: I-Mexico engaziwa engu-337 / Mashi 2005
