Izingwenya ziye zaba nokuthuthuka okumangazayo kokuvela kwezwekazi laseMelika, futhi ikakhulukazi eNew Spain yasendulo, indlalifa yamasiko, izinganekwane nezinsumansumane ze-Old World. Bonke balandela isakhiwo se-morphological esike sabavumela ukuthi baphile ngaphezulu kwezigidi zeminyaka: impumulo enamazinyo abukhali aguqulelwe ukudla okudlayo - inhlanzi, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo, yize ukudla okuyinhloko kwabancane kuyizinambuzane nokunye izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla-, umzimba ovikelwe isikhumba esihlomile kodwa esiguquguqukayo, kanye nomsila onamandla wokuhambisa ukuhamba kwawo.
Izingwenya ziye zaba nokuthuthuka okumangazayo kokuvela kwezwekazi laseMelika, futhi ikakhulukazi eNew Spain yasendulo, indlalifa yamasiko, izinganekwane nezinsumansumane ze-Old World. Zonke zilandela isakhiwo se-morphological esichazekile esivumele ukuba siphile ngaphezulu kwezigidi zeminyaka: impumulo enamazinyo abukhali aguqulelwe ukudla okudlayo - inhlanzi, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo, yize ukudla okuyinhloko kwabancane kuyizinambuzane nokunye izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla-, umzimba ovikelwe isikhumba esihlomile kodwa esiguquguqukayo, kanye nomsila onamandla wokuhambisa ukuhamba kwawo.
Ngenkathi abanqobi baseSpain befika eMelika futhi babiza izindawo ezikhona njengamanje zaseMexico, eGuatemala, e-El Salvador, eNicaragua, eHonduras, eCosta Rica nasentshonalanga ye-United States, babona kula mazwe umfanekiso wophisi babo abayinganekwane isibalo sezingwenya ezazigcwele yonke indawo, futhi ezikhethe ukuzibiza ngezibankwa ezinolaka.
Ngokuphathelene nezingwenya nezingwenya, zombili zinamazinyo amabili amakhulu eduze kwengaphambili lomhlathi ongezansi. Esikhathini esidlule, la mazinyo amabili angena embotsheni yomhlathi ongenhla futhi ayabonakala lapho isifonyo sivalekile, kanti ekugcineni singena emigodini yamathambo emhlathini ongenhla, ukuze kuthi lapho isifonyo sivaliwe sifihlwe. Ngokwengxenye yayo, isifonyo semikhono yinde kakhulu futhi mncane ngokwedlulele.
Ama-Crocodilians ahlala kuzo zonke izindawo ezishisayo zomhlaba. Ngaphandle kwe-Chinese alligator-Alligator sinensis-, izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezisele zama-alligator zitholakala eMelika kuphela futhi ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika. Ama-gulls anomuntu omele, i-gharial ye-India-Cavialis gangeticus-, enqamula eningizimu ye-Asia, ukusuka e-Indo kuya emfuleni i-Irawadi, kepha ayikho kulo lonke elaseNingizimu ne-India.
Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zibizwa ngokuthi zinegazi elibandayo, ngoba azikwazi ukugcina ukushisa komzimba wazo kungenakho ukuhlukahluka okubanzi, njengoba kwenza izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni. Ngakho-ke, zidinga ukulala elangeni ukuze zifudumale noma zingene ngaphansi kwamanzi noma emthunzini wesihlahla ukuze zipholile. Imizwa yabo yokubona, yokuhogela, yokuthinta nokuzwa ithuthukiswe kakhulu.
IZINHLOBO ZE-SPAIN ENTSHA
Njengoba abanqobi benza, kusengenzeka ukucabanga ngezinhlobo ezine zezingwenya ngaphakathi kwendawo okwakuyiNew Spain, kuyilapho endaweni yamanje yaseMexico kunezintathu kuphela: ingwenya yomfula-iCrocodylus acutus-, ixhaphozi-iCrocodylus ngenhlanhla, selokhu kwavalwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu edlule futhi ngenxa yemizamo yabaphenyi, abalondolozi bemvelo kanye nosomabhizinisi, isimo sabo sabantu sesithuthuke ngokumangazayo, yize babesengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
INGWAZI YOMFULA
Inkulu kakhulu, njengoba ibanga eliphakathi kwamamitha amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa ngobude. Isifonyo saso sibukhali ngendlela emangalisayo futhi side, futhi sinesigaxa esifihlekile phambi kwamehlo. Umbala wayo jikelele umpunga ophaphathekile, ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi.
Ihlala emachibini nasemifuleni engasogwini, yize ingangena nasemanzini amaningi ezindaweni zegalufu nasezindaweni ezisemadolobheni. Kwesinye isikhathi ubonakala ehamba ngomkhumbi olwandle noma elangeni elwandle. Yiyo kuphela ingwenya yaseMelika esatshalaliswa kabanzi, njengoba itholakala kusukela eningizimu yeFlorida, ugu lolwandle iPacific kuya eNhlonhlweni Yucatan eMexico, Central America, eziqhingini zaseCaribbean nasengxenyeni esenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika.
Izinsikazi zalolu hlobo zibekela amaqanda afinyelela kuma-60 emigodini embiwa esihlabathini noma odakeni oluxutshwe nodoti. Abantu abadala, ikakhulukazi abesifazane, baba nezindlela zokunakekelwa komama, njengokuvikela nokuqapha isidleke, kanye nokuthuthwa kwentsha empumulweni emanzini.
Isikhathi sokufukamela siyahluka ngokuya ngendawo, phakathi kukaJanuwari noFebhuwari, noma kuze kufike uMashi noMeyi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kulinganiselwa ukuthi inani labo lasendle liba phakathi kwezibonelo eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi kuya kwezingamashumi amabili; kodwa-ke, ngokwenqwaba yolwazi olwenziwe kuze kube yimanje, lezi zibalo zibukeka zinganakiwe. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukulahleka kwezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo ngenxa yokuthuthuka kogu emadolobheni kungenye yezinkinga zayo ezinkulu ukusinda.
INGWENYA YENKUKA
Mncane kancane kunowomfula owodwa, ngoba ufinyelela esilinganisweni samamitha amathathu ubude futhi onsundu ngamachashaza aphuzi. Impumulo imfishane futhi ibanzi kunaleyo yomfula, ngaphezu kokuba namehlo amakhulu ansundu, ansundu egolide. Isikhumba sizacile, yingakho besifunwa kakhulu ukuhweba.
Inokusatshalaliswa okunomkhawulo futhi itholakala enkabeni yamazwe aseMexico iTamaulipas, idlula eSan Luis Potosí, eVeracruz, eTabasco, eCampeche, enhlonhlweni yaseYucatan nasendaweni esenyakatho yeChiapas, kanye naseBelize nasendaweni yase UPetén eGuatemala. Lolu hlobo luthanda ukuhlala emanzini emifula, emachibini nasezixhaphozini ezinotshani obukhulu noma ngaphakathi kwamahlathi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingwenya yexhaphozi, njenge-alligator, ayisigebhi isidleke sayo, kodwa iqoqa udoti ukuze yenze indunduma. Insikazi izalela amaqanda aphakathi kwama-20 kuye kwangama-49 ngenkathi yokuzala eqala ngokwakhiwa kwesidleke ekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula -kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJulayi- futhi iphela ngokuzalwa kwamaphuphu kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya ku-Okthoba. Futhi, njengezingwenya, zombili insikazi neduna zinakekela isidleke namancane. Kodwa-ke, okuvelele kulolu hlobo lokutholakala kwalo okwesabekayo, ngoba ngokocwaningo lwakamuva eMexico kunabantu abangaba yizibonelo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-120 ezivuthiwe ngokocansi. Ngendlela efanayo, ukukhiqizwa kwayo ekuthunjweni kuyimpumelelo emapulazini amabili akhethekile ezwe.
UMSEBENZI OWABIWE
E-Oaxaca naseChiapas, yonke iMelika Ephakathi nengxenye enkulu yeNingizimu Melika, i-caiman itholakala, uhlobo oluncane kunezinhlobo ezine zezingwenya ezihlala eNew Spain yasendulo. abesilisa bafinyelela ubude bamamitha amabili nabesifazane 1.20 m. Umbala wayo uphuzi noma umnyama onamabala amaningi amnyama futhi unempumulo emfushane futhi ebanzi kunaleyo yezinye izingwenya, kanye nohlobo lwezimpondo phezu kwamehlo, obizwa nangokuthi yi-calman of spectacles.
Lezi zinhlobo zivame ukukhosela emihumeni nasemigodini ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla. Ihlala emachibini, imifula, imifudlana namaxhaphozi, kanye nasezindaweni ezinobumnandi. Isikhathi sokwakha isidleke senzeka phakathi kwezinyanga zika-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti noma kuze kube nguSepthemba, ngenkathi insikazi ingafaka phakathi kwamaqanda angama-20 kuye kwangama-30 esidlekeni.
EMexico, ukulima kwe-caiman kube yimpumelelo. Kodwa-ke, ngokunikezwa indawo abahlala kuyo evinjelwe, basasongelwa ngokuzingela ngokungemthetho kanye nokulahleka kwezindawo zabo zemvelo.
Icala elihlukanisiwe, i-MISSISSIPPI CAYMAN
Ivikelwe kahle kakhulu yimithetho yase-US, yingakho abantu bayo basendle njengamanje benesibonelo esisodwa sesigidi. Kufundwa kabanzi, kokubili ekuthunjweni nasendle. Ngakho-ke, kubhekwa njengenhlobo enengozi ephansi yokuqothulwa.
Indawo yayo yakhiwa amaxhaphozi, amaxhaphozi, imifula, amachibi nemithambo emincane yamanzi enyakatho-mpumalanga yeMelika. Yize ihlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi ahlanzekile, ingahlala ezindaweni ezinobumunyu ezifana nemihlume. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kujwayelekile ukuthi izame ukwenza amakoloni ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinjengezinkundla zegalofu nezindawo zokuhlala.
Le alligator inempumulo eyisicaba ngokumangalisayo, emise okwe-parabola, ubude bayo obuyisikhathi esisodwa nohhafu ububanzi besisekelo sayo. Amehlo aphuzi futhi umfundi ekukhanyeni ubonakala njengokuvula okuvundlile okuyi-elliptical. Izinhlobo zabantu abadala zifinyelela kubude obungamamitha amane kuya kwamahlanu. Esigabeni sokuzala, owesifazane ubekela amaqanda angama-20 kuye kwangama-50 esidlekeni semonto esenziwe ngodaka nodoti.
UNYAZI NENHLONIPHO
Ekugcineni, abacwaningi abahlukahlukene bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi ukwehla kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo, kufaka phakathi izingwenya, kungumphumela wezinto eziyisithupha ezibalulekile: ukulahleka kwendawo nokucekelwa phansi, ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo ezingaphandle ezihambisa ezemvelo, ukungcola , izifo, ukusetshenziswa ngokungafanele kwezinsizakusebenza nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kulaba abayisithupha, kwengezwa okukodwa okukodwa: ukungazi, okusenza sithathe izinqumo ezimbi maqondana nokusetshenziswa nokuxhashazwa kwezinsizakusebenza, noma ukwahlulela izinhlobo ngokubukeka kwazo okuhle noma okubi.
Umthombo: I-Mexico engaziwa No. 325 / Mashi 2004
