Lapho sithatha umzila oholela enhlokodolobha yombuso ngakhumbula ukuthi ngobusuku obandulelayo, ubusuku obungenanyanga, kungenzeka ePaquimé, kusuka ophahleni lweMnyuziyamu Yamasiko Asenyakatho, ukwazisa izinkanyezi ngobukhulu bazo bonke. Cishe iMilky Way yakha igobolondo elingachazeki phezu kwethu.
UMayté Luján, owayesimemile ukuba sikhuphuke, wasitshela ngaleso sikhathi: "Bengingafuni ukuthi bahambe ngaphandle kwalomuzwa, ngaphandle kwaleli lungelo." Noma iPaquimé ingekho egqumeni, izakhamizi zayo ezazikhona ekuqaleni zaziphakathi nogwadule futhi zingenakho ukukhanya okuseduze, impela lapho zicisha umlilo wokugcina ababengaba nawo njengezinkanyezi, i-Orion Nebula, i-Andromeda Nebula noma i-Osas, ezinkulu nezincane. Isibhakabhaka esicwathile sabavumela ukuthi basebenzise izinkanyezi ukuziqondisa phakathi kobusuku, lapho behamba emathafeni alokho namuhla okuyinsimu yaseChihuahuan.
Manje sasinenkumbulo kaPaquimé kuphela emhlane wethu futhi sabhekisa amabombo eParral ukuba afike ngesikhathi futhi abone ukufika kwabagibeli bamahhashi ababezobamba iqhaza ekuthathweni kwedolobha ngoJulayi 19, ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezinsuku zeVillista.
UMGWAQO WEPAN-AMERICAN
Sesizofika lapho kuhlangana khona umgwaqo iPan-American Highway, abathi uChihuahuas ekusebenzeni kwabo kwabakhulu bavame ukuthi: "Ngeke ukholwe, mngani wami, kodwa lo mgwaqo omkhulu uxhuma iNew York neBuenos Aires." Bona, njengamanye amaqembu abantu, bacabanga ukuthi isikhungo somhlaba silapha, sisondele kakhulu esifundeni sokuthula kanti omunye, ngezikhathi ezibucayi kangaka, ubengeke alokothe aphikise ngenye indlela.
Ngakho-ke siyaqhubeka siye eGaleana, Flores Magón, Ojo Laguna, Mariquipa, Santa Cruz de Villegas futhi, esiseduze kakhulu yiParral, lapho uFrancisco Villa ake wathi khona: "Uyazi mngani muni? Ngangilithanda njalo leli dolobha ngisho nokufa."
ISITHOLELO
UPablo wayengakaze aye eParral, futhi ngasebenzisa ithuba elide lomgwaqo ukumtshela izindaba ezihlobene nalokho ayezokubona kamuva, izindaba eziningi ziyingxenye yemibhalo kaParral, manje elandiswa yizazi-mlando ezinenhloso ebabekayo. Ngakho-ke ngamtshela ngoDon Pedro de Alvarado, uPablo wabe esethatha isibhamu somuzi wakhe, manje esesiphendulwe isikhumbuzo somlando. Ngokusho kukagogo wami uBeatriz Baca, uDon Pedro, njengoba ayebizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi, wayengumgembusino owayefuna igolide futhi okokugcina wahamba ngokulambisa futhi wakwazi ukuthola isikweletu sokuhlomisa lolu hambo lwakhe. Waze wezwa isisebenzi sasendlini yaseTallforth sitshela uDon Pedro "lesi yisikhathi sokugcina esizomboleka ngaso."
Kungaba yini ukumangala kwabakwaParralians lapho bethola ukuthi uDon Pedro uthole imayini lapho athola khona amaminerali ukuze aqoqe inotho lapho akha khona i-Alvarado Palace nenye lapho kwazalelwa khona iqhawekazi likaParral, owasizwa abafundi, waxoshwa embuthweni wamasosha ayeyingxenye yohambo lokujezisa olweqa umngcele waseMexico luyofuna iVilla. Ngaleso sikhathi kuzoba nethuba lokuba nesithombe sendlu yaseGriensen kanye nendlu yaseStallforth, yona leyo lapho uDon Pedro agcina khona ukuyofuna amaminerali.
LA PRIETA
Maphakathi nendaba singene eParral, kwathi ngemuva nje kokuzulazula emigwaqweni sabona igquma lapho kutholakala izingxoxo zokucobelelana ngolwazi zeLa Prieta kanye newinji yokwehlela emayini, yona leyo eyanikeza idolobha ithuba lokuba yindawo yezimayini ngaphezu kweminyaka eminingi. Namuhla kuyingxenye yohambo, izivakashi zingehlela kwelinye lamazinga angama-22, futhi ingxenye enhle yalawo mazinga igcwala amanzi aphuma lapho amaphampu eyeka ukuwakhipha.
Yimayini efanayo eyenza ukukhala kwenhlabamkhosi ngokushintsha kwezinguquko futhi lokho kuphazamise umama wami uBeatriz Wuest Baca ebuntwaneni bakhe, lapho ezwakala ngesikhathi esingesihle ekhombisa ingozi, futhi kwabangela ukuba izihlobo zabavukuzi zizulazule phambi imayini ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekeni.
UKULINDA IKHABALALI
Besivele siseParral, futhi manje bekumele silinde ubusuku obubodwa kuphela ukujabulela umbukiso ohlelelwe uJulayi 19 ngo-10 ekuseni, impela ngosuku olwandulela ukufa kukaFrancisco Villa, olwenzeka ngoJulayi 20, 1924. Ngakho-ke, uPablo wasizakala ngaleyontambama washutha ama-La Prieta. Ekuseni ngakusasa saphuma sayofuna imisebe yokuqala yelanga, umzuzu lapho bonke abathwebuli bezithombe bafuna ukuthatha isibhamu esihle kakhulu seLa Prieta.
Ekuseni ngakusasa saphuma sayofuna imisebe yokuqala yelanga, umzuzu lapho bonke abathwebuli bezithombe bafuna ukushutha kakhulu. Siwele idolobha sihamba ngomgwaqo uMercaderes size sifike eGuillermo Baca Square, futhi kulowo mzila sabheka ngaphandle kombhede womfula ukubona ibhuloho elenziwe nge-lime namatshe phezu kombhede womfula ohamba phakathi kwedolobha ngamasentimitha. Izikhathi eziningi ezedlule, bekuyikhukhula kuze kube yilapho amadamu eqeda umfutho wawo.
Ngemuva kwaleyo seshini yasekuseni kanye nesidlo sasekuseni esihlwabusayo esihambisana nama-gorditas, saya esiteshini sesitimela ukuyolinda ukufika kwabantu bendawo. Basitshela ukuthi baseseMaturana futhi besicabanga ukuya kulolo hlangothi, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi abantu baqala ukumemeza: "Bayeza." Intatheli yephephandaba lasendaweni yasikhombisa ikhamera yakhe yezimpi eziyinkulungwane, kwakunguJosé Guadalupe Gómez, owasitshela ngalo mcimbi, wajabula ngokuthi mina noPablo sasihlanganisa lo mcimbi futhi salungela ukulinda abakwaVillistas kanye nathi .
UKUFIKA OKUKHETHEKILE
Ukuthunyelwa kuholelwa yinjini yesitimu, yona kanye naleyo kanye nabanye abayisishiyagalolunye ababengabesichingi e-El Salto, eDurango. Ungumshini wamalitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu, lapho umakhenikha wawo, uGilberto Rodríguez, angichazela khona ngemuva nje kwezici zaleli tshe eliyigugu elakhiwa ngo-1914, okwathi, ngokungahambisani nokudlula kwezinsuku neminyaka, langena ngekhulu lama-21 lizothatha idolobha elisekelwa abagibeli bamahhashi ababehambe ngezigaba eziningana cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-240 ukusuka enhlokodolobha yombuso. Ukuncintisana kwabo kukhule phakathi nohambo kanti eMatrana bajoyinwa abanye abagibeli bamahhashi abangama-600 abavela emapulazini nasemadolobheni aseduze neParral. UVilla, umlingiswa oyimpikiswano, wayekhona esimeni esidumile; Izinkulungwane zabantu zahlangana endaweni esiteshini ukwamukela abakwaVillistas kanye nama-Adelita abo ngenjabulo enkulu, cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu emva kokuthi abakwaDorado benze lesi sifunda indawo yabo.
Ngokukhululeka okungajwayelekile, amakhulu abagibeli, uma kungezona izinkulungwane, angene eParral njengasezinsukwini zakudala, engakhombisi nje kuphela injabulo enkulu yokwenza, kodwa futhi namandla amakhulu. Abagibeli namahhashi bangancintisana nama-charros amahle kakhulu e-Bajío, bangamaDorados de Villa, asekhona yize kuneminyaka edlule, anqoba ukuhlaselwa kwesimanjemanje, ukuze aqinisekise ubuqhawe besilwi sabashokobezi esidumile futhi agcine impilo yakhe iphila. inganekwane.
IZIMANGALISO EZIJWAYELEKILEYO
Abesifazane bagijimela ukusondela futhi bababaze abesilisa abagibelayo, abahle futhi abanesibindi, izilwane ezivele zikhombisa izimpawu zokukhathala ngenxa yosuku olude ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo. Abantu bangabanikazi besiteshi. IHollywood ngithole ngalolo suku ukulingiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwesiteji abanye babaqondisi abaziwayo abangaba nomona ngaso.
Ngakusasa abantu babuthana endaweni lapho kwabulawa khona iNyakatho Centaur, kepha ngakhetha ukungabi khona, futhi ngazimisela lokho umama angitshele khona, okwenzeka ngengozi lapho kwenzeka khona imicimbi ngalolo suku lwangoJulayi 20, ngenkathi ehamba ebheke esikoleni, engomunye wabantu bokuqala abasondela emotweni lapho uVilla, Trillo nabanye abalingiswa basala beshonile. Akekho osabakhumbula ababulali, namhlanje idolobha lonke lihlangana eParral.
UKUYA E-VALLE DE ALLENDE
Ngalo lolo suku ekuseni saya eValle de Allende, ebhekwa njengenye yezindawo zokuqala zokuhlala esifundazweni saseNueva Vizcaya. Amasimu ezithelo esifundeni ahlukile, izihlahla zama-walnut zifinyelele ekuphakameni okungafani lapho.
ESigodini kukhiqizwa enye yamantongomane anenani elikhulu ngenxa yephesenti likawoyela eliqukethe; Kwangimangaza ukuthola ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo ezingama-26 zepheya ezitshaliwe. Ngaphezu kwezimila zemvelo zalesi sifunda, kunezinye izinhlobo eziwumphumela wokutshalwa nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kwezizukulwane eziningi, kwazise amaFranciscans afaka uhlelo lokunisela kuleso sigodi. I-walnut, i-persimon, ipentshisi, ibhilikotsi, iplamu, i-quince, ihalananda, umkhiwane ne-orange ngamagama ezihlahla zezithelo ezichuma kule ndawo eseduze neparadesi. Siqhutshwa ilukuluku, savakashela amasimu ezithelo aniselwa ngamanzi acwebezelayo, imvelo ayinakuba ngcono, umuzwa wenhlalakahle wahlasela izingqondo zethu.
ENDLINI KA RITA SOTO
Besingaqhubeka ngokungenamkhawulo kuleyo ndawo eyakhiwe ngesandla somuntu, kodwa ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi bekufanele sibingelele uRita Soto, umlobi wezindaba waseValle de Allende, ukuvakasha kwakhe kuyisidingo, futhi esisebenza njengendlu yezivakashi. Safika lapho ukuphola kwakungase kujatshulelwe emaphasishi azungeze igceke elitshalwe ngezihlahla ezingamawolintshi. URita ungumlingiswa owazi umlando wesifunda nabantu baso ngenhliziyo; Izazi zesayensi yabantu kanye nezazi-mlando ezaziwayo ziyivakashele ukuze zifunde ngezimfihlo futhi zifunde izinkomba ezizobenza bakwazi ukusondela ezimfundisweni zesifunda esigcwele izinganekwane nabalingiswa abayimicikilisho. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ungumgqugquzeli omkhulu wamasiko ofundisa izizukulwane ezintsha ngomlando nezwe laseNingizimu Chihuahua.
Umqoqi wama-anecdotes, uRita Soto utshela izindaba ezithokozisayo ezibandakanya, yebo, zokuhlangana kukayise kabuhlungu noFrancisco Villa okuphele ekuvumeni okubhaliwe kwalokhu okugcina, ekubhaleni kwakhe jikelele. Ngaphandle kwakho konke, uRita ungumgqugquzeli wezokuvakasha omuhle kakhulu osiza izivakashi ukuthi zithole indlela ezungeze iminikelo yokuzilibazisa ekhona esigodini. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokuvakashela leli dolobha, isikwele salo, izikhumbuzo zenkolo nezomphakathi, izindlu zekhulu le-18 nele-19, uhlelo lokunisela olusetshenziswa ngamaFranciscans ngezikhathi zamakoloni, ungavakashela nezikhungo zakudala zedolobha lase ama-haciendas nezindawo zomlando ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwalezi, indawo lapho amakhanda aseHidalgo nabanye abavukeli babekwa khona lapho bedluliselwa e-Alhóndiga de Granaditas; indlu lapho uJuarez achithe khona ubusuku bedlula kule ndawo ngesikhathi sokungenelela kweFrance, nezinye izindlu lapho kuhlala khona uGeneral Villa.
INDAWO ENYE YONKE
Futhi, ungajabulela i-Ojo de Talamantes ne-El Trébol spas. Futhi, vakashela umfula namasimu ezithelo. Indawo ekahle yokuphumula kanye nokuphumula, iValle de Allende inikeza amasevisi okulala nawokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuchitha ubusuku ezindlini ezizimele ezithola izivakashi futhi zinikeze izimo ezinhle kakhulu.
Ngaleyo ndlela sifinyelele ekugcineni kohambo, okusishiye sinokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu emilonyeni yethu, ngenxa yesipiliyoni se-gastronomic eCasas Grandes, lapho besithokozela khona inyama eyosiwe, ama-quesadillas nama-burritos; e-Parral, i-gorditas edumile, nase-Valle de Allende, izithelo ezi-crystallized kanye ne-dulce de leche eyenza i-Coahuila ibe namahloni. Ama-burritos, ngaphandle kokungabaza, angcono kakhulu enyakatho yonke, noma engenakho lokho kuqashelwa.
Ekugcineni, ukuqinisekisa okushiwo yincwadi yomhubhe waseChihuahua, umqondisi wethu onolwazi wamisa eVilla Ahumada. Ngakwesokudla komgwaqo obheke enhlokodolobha yombuso, uchungechunge lwama-comales lulindele umhambi onama-quesadilla amahle kakhulu emhlabeni. IVilla Ahumada, ngokungangabazeki, yayivalwa ngokuchuma. Ngalolu hambo oluya eChihuahua siyaqinisekisa, futhi, ukuthi akuyona kuphela "izwe elikhulu", "umfowethu omdala", kodwa futhi nokuthi iyindawo enokuheha okungenakubalwa nokungalindelekile.
Abahambi kanye nabathandi bezivakashi abalindele iCopper Canyon nezimpophoma zayo; kubasubathi abanentshisekelo ezinselele zokubekezela, isivinini nemizwelo, izindunduma zaseSamalayuca; kulabo abanentshisekelo ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza eziphumelelayo yiNuevo Casas Grandes neValle de Allende; ngokufundiswa komlando ne-anthropology, imiphakathi yaseTarahumara yaseSierra, kanye nemishini yamaJesuit neyamaFranciscan; kubaqoqi bezinkumbulo nama-anecdotes, i-Parral; nakulabo abaphesheya komngcele, uCiudad Juárez nayo yonke indawo yaseChihuahuan.
