Konke kwaqala ngalolo suku ngoJulayi 1546 lapho befika emakamelweni omnqobi uCristóbal de Oñate.
Umdala waseTlaxcala waseNdiya, ovela kumphathi weNuño de Guzmán, enezinkalankala zakhe ezenziwe ngezinyamazane i-baquetilla, ibhantshi lakhe elinemigqa nesigqoko sakhe se- "houndstooth", kanye nomdabu waseZacatecan owayegqoke kuphela ibhande lesikhumba ingwejeje, ukuthambisa imicu yezinwele zakhe ezi-shaggy nezinwele ezinde, namabhangqa wesikhumba angama-coyote aluhlaza amboze imilenze yakhe kusukela emadolweni kuya emaqakaleni ukuze awavikele emeveni ezinweleni nasemazinyweni ezinyoka , lapho ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakhe omncane nomzimba wakhe zavezwa khona, ngenxa yomusa wawo wonke amakhaza nakho konke ukubukwa, ngaphandle komucu emhlane wakhe owawungabonakali, ngoba wayephethe umgodla omude ehlombe lakhe. igcwele imicibisholo yobude obungavamile bokusebenzisa umnsalo cishe amamitha amathathu ukuphakama ayewuphethe ngesandla sakhe sobunxele, encike kuwo njengenduku, esandleni sakhe sokudla imvilophu ayivula etafuleni lika-Oñate, embula phambi kwamehlo lokunqoba i-istador amanye amasampula e-sulfide noma amabanga aphezulu kakhulu esiliva carbonate.
Ngaphambi kwalo mbukiso, amehlo omnqobi acwebezela, owayezoba ngumbusi woMbuso waseNew Galicia futhi abacebe kakhulu futhi abanethonya elikhulu kubahlali bokuqala abane abadumile bedolobha elizayo laseZacatecas, ababezothunyelwa kusayithi labo. ngaphandle kokulibala uKaputeni Don Juan de Tolosa, obizwa ngegama elithi "Barba longa" nomngani wakhe amthandayo uDiego de Ibarra, umyeni wesikhathi esizayo wendodakazi yendlovukazi yokuqala yaseMexico, enkampanini yomfelokazi waseFranciscan ogama lakhe linguJerónimo de Mendoza, naye ophawuleka ngentshiseko yakhe yobuphostoli kanye nokuba ngumfowabo wenduna.
Amatshe omdabu waseNdiya enqunu afakazile, lapho "bephindaphindwa", ngokusho kwemibhalo yanamuhla, ukuthi abe "uhhafu wamatshe nohhafu wesiliva", into noma yimuphi umvukuzi angayiphonsa, kuleyo minyaka nanamuhla, engcupheni enkulu ama-adventures, futhi, ngempela, uBarba longa, u-Ibarra noFray Jerónimo balungiselela ukuya enyakatho bahamba amakhilomitha angamakhulu amathathu, okungabaliwe kahle, ahlukanisa iGuadalajara neNochistlán nalokho okwakuzoba idolobha laseZacatecas.
Bafike phansi kwegquma laseBuía, phakathi kwezintaba ezimbozwe ngompayini, izihlahla zom-okhi kanye nama-oki, ngokusho kuka-Bishop De la Mota y Escobar ohambahambayo, oniselwa ngamanzi ageleza njalo abeza ukuvuvukala umfula ngemuva kusukela emhosheni (manje obizwa ngokuthi i-Arroyo de la Plata) futhi lapho bakanisa neNdiya elinqunu, umlingani wakhe kanye nenani elincane lamasosha nabangane baseNdiya ukuqala ukuhlola okwakuzokhipha imali ecishe ifane emakhulwini amane eminyaka njengaleyo ye- paradigmatic « i-cerro colorado »yasePotosí, Bolivia.
Ukuhlala kwakungeyona, futhi kwakungeke kube, idolobhana, indawo futhi kwakungekho ngisho "okwangempela" noma ikamu ngoba izimayini ezitholakele kanye nalezo ezazizovela maduzane zazitholakala ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayishumi nambili, kusukela manje idolobha lasePánuco liya eCerro del Padre.
Intshisekelo yakhula njengomlilo wasendle, kwathi ekupheleni kuka-1547 u-Ibarra wabeka itshe lokuqala lokuzivikela kumaNdiya athi, yize ekuqaleni ayewatholile ngokuthula, ngemuva nje kokuba eseqalile ukuwahlukumeza, ememeza ngokuhlasela ubusuku bonke.
Ngenkathi uTolosa eqhubeka enyakatho efuna imithambo yesiliva, kodwa futhi nemibuso yezinganekwane yama-Amazons, amadolobha ayisikhombisa aseCíbola, e-El Dorado noma umthombo wobusha obungunaphakade, le ndawo yagcwala ngokushesha inqwaba yabahloli abazimisele ngemithambo yesiliva nokuzidela.
Esikhathini esifushane kamuva, ngo-1583, umnqobi uBaltazar Temiño de Bañuelos, owayesekhulile futhi ehlala njalo esifundeni, wacela iNkosi uFelipe II ukuba inikeze lezo zindlu ezimbalwa, ezinamathele ezimayini eziningi, isihloko sedolobha, ngoba vele kwakukhona izakhi ezazikuthethelela.
Ngempela, lelo ketile elide futhi eliyisoni, okuvela kulo kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala lase liqale ukubila lisuka emsebenzini onzima, namabhamuza entuthu akhishwa "ngamahhavini aseCastilian" aseduze kwezikhungo zezimboni ezincane nezingenayo, ukuthi ngasikhathi sinye baqala ukukhiqiza amanye amacala amaningi kakhulu "obhavu wokuthambisa" abazungezile, ngoba iziko lamathambo ayemilomo emikhulu njalo elambile, lapho iziqu zemithi zaphenduka umlotha; ngakho-ke, ngo-1602, unyaka u-Bishop De la Mota avakashela ngawo leli dolobha, umphathi wasitshela ukuthi kwase kusele ama-insoles ambalwa kuphela lapho eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokuba kube khona izihlahla ezinamaqabunga.
Idolobha, elalingenaso isihloko esinjalo, ngoba lalibizwa kuphela ngokuthi “izimayini zakwaZacatecas noma izimayini zeNkosikazi Yethu Yemithi YamaZacatecas,” lalihlangene esifundeni salo, isonto elincane lase-adobe elinesinye kuphela Lo mkhumbi wakhuthaza, ekupheleni kwekhulu, ngumnqobi uTemiño de Bañuelos ukuthi iCabildo iye ukuyolungisa ibhande elimpofu uBaba Melo, kusukela ngaphambi kuka-1550, ahlanganisa ama-friars ukuzwa umhlangano wakhe noma ukuba khona imingcwabo yalabo ababulawa yiChichimecas, Zacatecas, Guachichiles, Tepeguanes nabanye abaningi, ngenkathi bedutshulwa ezindaweni zokuqamekela amaNdiya ayebajwayele emigwaqeni eshubile yomgwaqo iSilver Road, esanda kuvulelwa i-Imperial City yaseMexico. ngu-bachelor Estrada. Lo mgwaqo wavulelwa ukuhanjiswa kwamaphakethe futhi kamuva walungiswa nguBlessed Sebastián de Aparicio wezinqola zeminyuzi nezinqola zezinkabi ezazithwala isiliva "liqhuba" lisiya ezikhwameni zomthetho, kanye nokutholakala kwabantu okuncane okwaba kukhulu. futhi ngisebenza ekubuyisweni kwesitimela ngasinye sezimoto ezafika zigcwele abavukuzi besikhathi esizayo, abathengisi, izingcweti kanye nabanye abantu abeza bezokwakha umphakathi ohlukile. Kusuka kuleli dolobha elisanda kuvela, ngokwezibalo zabantu ezathathwa isihambeli esifanelekayo saseRoyal uHernán Martínez de la Marcha, ijaji eCompostela naseGuadalajara, lapho izimiso zokuqala zazifanele ukulawula ukuthengiselana phakathi kwabavukuzi, zase zivele, noma zazizovela , Osozimali baseMelika abahamba phambili abane. Futhi kuzothanyelwa nabamnyama base-Angola, izigqila ezingamaNdiya, kanye namaNdiya "angamaNaborios" afiselekayo, abeze ukuzothola umholo noma ukuthola isabelo sabo senqwaba yezimbiwa ezicebile masonto onke.
Iqembu le-motley nelinenala lalinabantu abangashadile noma imibhangqwana eshadile eshiye amakhosikazi abo eSpain noma enhloko-dolobha, futhi okumangazayo ukuthi singabona no-de la Marcha, ukuthi kulelo dlanzana elasheshe laba yisixuku, kwakungasekho ukuthi owesifazane onomyeni wakhe, esingacabanga ukuthi bebebaningi abathi, naphezu kobungozi bemigwaqo, beza eZacatecas bezokwenza lo msebenzi omdala kunayo yonke emhlabeni.
Idolobha lakhula ngokwehla nokwehla phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, kwathi ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili iLa Parroquia namathempeli amahle manje aqhoshayo kwakhiwa, kwathuthukisa kakhulu isimo sawo senhlalo, kwathi lapho kuphela ikhulu leminyaka kwafika nekhulu elihle leshumi nesishiyagalolunye lazalwa, idolobha kuthathe ukubukeka esikwaziyo manje, ngaphandle kwezindlu eziningi ezishintshe ubuhlakani bazo phakathi nekhulu leminyaka. Itiyetha, imakethe yeGonzález Ortega nezinye izinto eziningi kwakhiwa. Ngekhulu lama-20, kuze kube yiNguquko, umsebenzi wayo wezomnotho kanye nenqubekela phambili yezindawo zayo zenzuzo yezenhlalo kwakukhula. Ngemuva kwalokho yawela ebubini obuyiphendule idolobha elincane kwaze kwaba ngo-1964, lapho uJosé Rodríguez Elías engumbusi, lapho ukuzalwa kabusha kwayo kwaqala, kuze kube namuhla lapho i-UNESCO ibone izindinganiso zayo futhi isihlobise ngesihloko I-Cultural Heritage of Humanity, ishiya ezandleni zamaZacatecans ukuzibophezela okukhulu ekuyigcineni iqinile futhi izoyenza yaziwe kabanzi ngangokunokwenzeka.
