Izakhamizi zasePunta Mita kwakungamacembu ama-concheros ayenenhlangano yezentengiselwano esuka e-Ecuador eya eNew Mexico, lapho aletha khona u-turquoise.
Izakhamizi zasePunta Mita zazingamaqembu ama-concheros ayenenhlangano yezentengiselwano esuka e-Ecuador eya eNew Mexico, lapho aletha khona u-turquoise.
Sisekhoneni laseNayarit, okwaze kwaba yiminyaka embalwa eyedlule laliyipharadesi elikhethekile labavakashi bakwamanye amazwe nabaseMexico abanomdlalo wokuzilibazisa osebenza kuwo. Amabhishi amade olwandle oluvulekile, anamagagasi amakhulu esizini ahlukana kude, amema abagibeli ukuthi bachithe izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngisho namasonto, esifundeni saseMexico esasiseduze kakhulu esasintombazaneni, kude nenqubekela phambili.
Izinto sezishintshile, iPunta Mita isivele iyidolobha elivame ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwezokuvakasha. Ukukhula okukhulu kwePuerto Vallarta kwaholela ekufuneni izindawo ezintsha ezazinokuthula futhi zingaminyene kakhulu esivakashini, futhi lapho bazithola, amakhilomitha angama-50 nje enyakatho yetheku elidumile. Kwakhiwe umgwaqo omkhulu, kwahlukaniswa indawo yokwakhiwa kwezindlu, amahhotela aqala ukuhlelwa, kwavulwa izindawo zokudlela ezintsha nezitolo, abantu abaningi sebefikile bezofuna umsebenzi kanti nokuhlelwa kwamarishi aphezulu okuzithokozisa sekuhleliwe.
Sekudlule iminyaka lapho umgwaqo owubhuqu wasithatha kancane waya ePunta Mita, lapho kwakukhona khona izinhlanzi ezimbalwa zasolwandle ezintsha ngentengo ephansi, amabhishi ayengenamuntu futhi wawubona kuphela izikebhe zabadobi kanye nabashayeli bezikhathi ezithile abalwa namagagasi amatafula, iminyaka lapho kwakudingeka ukanise ngasolwandle; ngokungabi bikho enye inketho yokuchitha ubusuku. Cishe balahlekelwa izinkumbulo zalokho abaningi bethu okwakufanele baphile.
Ngaphandle koshintsho, namuhla kunezimo zokuphila ezingcono zezakhamizi, ugesi, ucingo, ezokuthutha namanzi okuphuza, izikole, njll., Ngaphezu kweqembu labavubukuli abafike benenhloso yokuhlola nokusindisa umlando ukubeka ukuthi esikhathini esidlule kwakubalulekile kunikezwe indawo okuyo.
Ngokuvunywa kwesikhungo sesifunda se-INAHen Nayarit, inkampani yokwakha yaqasha abavubukuli abahlanu kanye nezisebenzi eziyi-16 ezaziphethe wonke umsebenzi wokutakula, wokwakha kabusha nowokubhalisa. Ohola lo msebenzi kwakuyisazi semivubukulo uJosé Beltrán, okwathi ngaphambi kokuqala ngokusemthethweni umsebenzi wenza izinkambo eziningi zokuqhafaza izimo nezindawo ezazizobhekwa. Ngenxa yamahemuhemu okuphanga nokubhujiswa egqumeni okumele ngabe kwakuyindawo yomkhosi, kwanqunywa ukuthi kuvulwe umphambili wokuqala lapho.
Isiza esaziwa ngokuthi yiLoma de la Mina saphinde safakwa futhi sahlukaniswa saba amayunithi amaningana futhi umvubukuli ngamunye waphatha eyodwa noma eziningi zazo. Isibonelo, sithole ukuthi i-South 1-West 1 unit, eyayiqondiswa ngumvubukuli uLourdes González, yavela ethempelini noma endaweni encane eyayinezimpawu eziphawuliwe zokuphanga, emakhoneni ayo amane nasenkabeni yesakhiwo.
Enxanxatheleni yaseNingizimu, ephethe isazi semivubukulo u-Óscar Basante, kwavela ipulatifomu ephelele eyakha i-nucleus. Kutholakale kuphela ingxenye yezingcezu ze-brazier ne-ceramic lapho, futhi yingxenye ebhujiswe kakhulu, ngoba imishini isuse ingxenye enkulu yezinto lapho iqoqa ukungcola ukuze icwebe umzila womgwaqo kanye nowenkundla yegalofu yesikhathi esizayo. Le ndawo ibithathwa njengeseqhulwini ngoba bekuzanywa ukwakhiwa kabusha kwepulatifomu ngokushesha okukhulu, kwazise inkundla yegalufu ibibonakala ihamba phambili ngokushesha okukhulu.
Iyunithi yeNyakatho 6-East 1 ikhombisa impumelelo etholwe ngesikhathi esifushane. Ithempeli, elakhiwe kabusha ngokwengxenye, likhombisa izitezi ezintathu ezihambelana nezigaba ezintathu ezihlukene, eyokugcina embozwe ngamatshe. Abavubukuli uMartha Michelman, ekudwebeni, no-Eugenia Barrios lapho kumbiwa basebenza kuwo, owasindisa umnikelo owavela kwimidwebo engu-57-58. Lo mnikelo uqukethe amagobolondo ahlukanisiwe futhi abekiwe abheke empumalanga, mhlawumbe amele unkulunkulu wamanzi. Umnikelo, wesigaba sesibili sokwakha, ubungaphansi kwedwala eliyisicaba esivele sihlukanisiwe. Eduze kwedwala lesithathu, amasentimitha ambalwa ukuya enyakatho, kwavela ezinye izingcezu ezimbili zegobolondo okwakucatshangwa ukuthi kuzoholela ekuqhubekeni komnikelo uqobo, kepha ngemuva kokususa lelo dwala, akukho ukuqhubeka okwatholwa.
Ngenkathi le misebenzi yenziwa ngesivinini esisheshayo, uBeltrán wazinikezela ekuhambeni amakhilomitha angama-25 wamabhishi ukuthola okuqukethwe okusha, ukuwabhalisa nokuwanika kuqala futhi ngaleyo ndlela abale isikhathi sokumba. Isibonelo, leyo yePunta Pontoque, eyavulwa njengephambili lesibili, epulazini impahla engu-16 eyayizohlukaniswa maduze. - Egqumeni 3 (behamba besuka enyakatho besuka olwandle), lapho benza uhambo lomhlaba, batholwa izingqikithi ezimbili: enye inamagobolondo kanti enye inephethini yokuhlala. Kumongo wokuqala, ulayini we-5 km2 wenziwa ngendawo esenyakatho kwaqala ukuphindaphindwa.
NjengoBeltrán, uBasante wanikela ngesikhathi sakhe ukuvakashela amanye amasayithi abantu bakule ndawo abawasho ngenkani, njenge, isibonelo, indawo ezungeze umgede waseGuano noma igquma laseCareyeros, lapho kutholakala khona izitsha eziyindilinga eziyindilinga, eziyindilinga, ezifinyeziwe ngaseningizimu. futhi okuyi-cylindrical, okungenzeka ukuthi kwakuthatha amanzi emvula yokuqala, okwathi kamuva, kwaba nokusebenziseka okuyisiko.
Izindawo eziningi lapho kudingeka khona ukuhlola zitholakele, kanye nezindawo ezithile eziveze uhlobo oluthile lobukhona bomuntu, njengePlaya Negra (eduzane nomhume waseGuano), lapho sikwazile ukuthwebula khona itshe elikhulu elinezitsha eziyisishiyagalombili eziqoshwe umjikelezo. Elinye lawo likhomba ngasenyakatho kuthi konke kuvele enkabeni yedwala, okubonakala kukhombisa ukumiswa komkhathi komunye umlaza.
Amasayithi anezakhiwo ze-pyramidal atholakele nase-Higuera Blanca, idolobha elingaphansi kwamakhilomitha ayi-10 empumalanga, okwakuyi-Punta Mita ngesikhathi sayo futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu zokuhlala eMarietas Islands, amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka ePunta .
Ubufakazi obutholwe kuze kube manje ePunta Mita bukhombisa ukuthi kwakungeka-Epiclassic, noma iPostclassic yakuqala, phakathi kweminyaka engu-900 kuya ku-1200, kuqhubeka lo msebenzi kwaze kwafika iConquest. Ubumba lukhombisa ukufana okuningi neToltec yase-Aztatlán, isiko lasentshonalanga elinhlokodolobha yalo ebisenyakatho nesifundazwe saseNayarit.
Izakhamizi zasePunta Mita kwakungamacembu ama-concheros ayenenhlangano yezentengiselwano esuka e-Ecuador eya eNew Mexico, lapho aletha khona u-turquoise; Lokhu kushintshaniswa kungabonakala kumthelela wobuciko ovela emisebenzini yegobolondo etholakale kuze kube manje. Babengamatilosi amakhulu, okwabenza bahamba ogwini lwasePacific baya enyakatho naseningizimu, baze baxhumana nezindawo esezishiwo. Ezolimo zalo zazingezesikhashana, zinommbila njengomkhiqizo oyisisekelo wezitshalo, ngaphandle kwezithelo ezithile okuthi, kanye nomkhiqizo wolwandle, kuqede ukudla kwawo. Kepha ukuhwebelana kwezentengiselwano kwakungagcini kuleyo mizila, futhi babenabo oxhumana nabo bokuqala ne-Altiplano, ngokuqinisekile eyayiyizinsiza zombuso waseMexico, okwakusho amathonya emiqondo. Endabeni kaluhlaza oluvele eNew Mexico, akukacaci noma ngabe lufike ngolwandle noma luvela e-Altiplano.
Ekufikeni kwabo, abaseSpain bathola ukuthi iPunta Mita ibiyisiqalo senqwaba yezentengiselwano, kepha ibisincipha. Ngaleyo minyaka kwase kukhona ezinye izingosi, ezaqala ukugqama emkhakheni wezohwebo. Mhlawumbe ukwehla kwePunta Mita kwenzeka lapho imizila yezohwebo ne-Altiplano idlulela eningizimu, ngasogwini lwaseColima naseMichoacán, ilahlekelwa isigaba sayo.
Yize ukwehla nokushiywa kancane kancane, iPunta Mita yaqhubeka nokuba yindawo yabadobi esahlala injalo, kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule izinhlelo zokuyisebenzisela ezokuvakasha zaqala, ngaleyo ndlela kuvulwa ikhasi elisha emlandweni othakazelisayo waleli kona INayarit, indawo encane eMexico yethu engaziwa lapho kancane kancane amaqiniso akhohliwe okuthi iqembu labavubukuli ngomzamo wabo nomsebenzi abakhe kabusha selitholakele.
UMA UYA EPUNTA MITA
Njengoba uvela ePuerto Vallarta, thatha umgwaqo omkhulu no. 200 enyakatho. Ngemuva kwamakhilomitha angaba ngu-35 uzothola ngakwesokunxele komgwaqo bese usayina okukuyisa ePunta Mita.
Uma uvela eGuadalajara noma eTepic thatha umgwaqo ofanayo no. 200 eningizimu bese ujikela kwesokudla kule mpambana engenhla.
Awekho amahhotela ePunta Mita okwamanje, kepha ungamisa noma kuphi ogwini.
Iziphuzo nokudla kungatholakala kalula; hhayi kanjalo nophethiloli, yize kukhona indawo yokuthengisa uphethiloli.
Akukhuthazwa ukuphakamisa noma ukunyakazisa amatshe emagqumeni, ngoba kunezinhlobo ezinobuthi ezinobuthi futhi ePunta Mita ayikho imitholampilo enekhambi. Noma iyiphi insizakalo yezokwelapha ingatholakala e-Higuera Blanca noma ePuerto Vallarta.
Umthombo: I-Mexico engaziwa No. 231 / Meyi 1996
