Etholakala endaweni ezungeze idolobha laseComitán, esifundeni esimaphakathi nesifundazwe saseChiapas, leli dolobha lasendulo laseMayan lagqama ngomsebenzi walo obalulekile nokuhwebelana ngezentengiselwano. Kuhlole!
Umuzi wasendulo we ITenam Bridge Yayakhiwe ezinhlakeni ezibabazekayo ezinezindonga ezigcinayo, entabeni ebusa lonke ithafa laseComiteca futhi imele esinye sezigaba ezingafundwanga kangako zemivubukulo yaseChiapas.
Ukwazi le ndawo yemivubukulo kulula ukufika kuyo IKomidi likaDomínguez, idolobha elihle elinesimo sezulu esibi maphakathi nesifunda esinemithombo eminingi yamanzi namathafa amakhulu anwebe phakathi kwamagquma amahlathi ephayini nawom-oki. Kungakuhle ukuthi uvakashele isikhungo salo esingumlando namuhla esisikhombisa isithombe esihle samakoloni, sizihlukanisa njengesinye sezinhle kakhulu eningizimu-mpumalanga yeMexico. Imigwaqo yayo ebiyelwe ngamatshe enezindlu ezigcinwe kahle zesikhathi, izingadi zayo kanye nediyoski emaphakathi ziyazikhulumela. Esigcawini esikhulu, izendlalelo ezinamakhothamo enkuni zakha izikhala ezihlukile futhi ezingosini zabantu bendawo banambitha ikhofi elihle kakhulu leChiapas.
Phambi kwekhiyoski kuvela okuhle ithempeli laseSanto Domingo. Ukwakhiwa kwayo ngesitayela sePlateresque kuqale eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yekhulu le-16 futhi kwaphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kumi umbhoshongo omuhle wokwakhiwa kamuva ogqama ku-façade, unezici zamaGothic nezamaSulumane, isici sesitayela seMudejar, odongeni lwawo imengamo yamaRoma. Ibhulokhi elilodwa eliseningizimu yesikwele esikhulu yindlu uBelisario Domínguez ahlala kuyo, ngesitayela seSevillian esenziwe ngamaphothali enziwe ngokhuni, abekwe ezungeze ibala lezimbali.
Ukuqiniswa okukhulu
Amakhilomitha ambalwa eningizimu yeComitán kunendawo yokuvubukula yaseTenam Puente. Isikhathi esiyinhloko sokusebenza kwalesi sayithi sihambisana nezikhathi zeClassic and Early Postclassic, lapho empeleni izindawo zaseMayan zesifunda esiphakathi (iPeten, iGuatemala) zashiywa. UTenam Puente kukhulunywe ngaye okokuqala encwadini Izizwe Namathempeli ihlelwe ngu UFrans Blom Y U-Olivier La Farge, ngo-1928. Isandiso sendawo sibalwa kumakhilomitha-skwele ama-2, lapho kwakhiwe khona izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zomphakathi, ezenkolo nezokuhlala.
Indawo yokuvubukula ikhuphuka emapulatifomu amakhulu futhi abukekayo anezindonga ezigcinwayo ezihlelwe emithambekeni emihlanu, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwa izikwele ezivulekile nezivaliwe, lapho kwakusatshalaliswa khona izakhiwo ezinkulu, ezinye zazo ezinamarampu njengezinqe njengento ethile. . UFrans Blom (1893-1963) uyachaza ukuthi ngenkathi bekhuphuka emthambekeni bafika emanxiweni aseTenam Puente nokuthi ngaseningizimu yaleli gquma kwakukhona isigodi esincane, esizungezwe ingxenye yamanxiwa nohlobo lwentaba eyindilinga, njengendawo yemidlalo enkulu yemvelo. Ngokuqaphela ukuhlelwa kwezindunduma, ezizungeze izikwele ezivulekile ezibheke esigodini esincane, wahlulela ukuthi lokhu "kukhombisa ukuthi abakhi basebenzise indawo yemvelo."
Iqembu lezakhiwo elibaluleke kakhulu lisohlangothini olusenyakatho. Kunamathala aphezulu afinyelela kumamitha angama-20 ukuphakama akhiwe yimizimba enyathelwe. Elinye iqembu eliseningizimu lihambisana namathempeli nezindawo zokuhlala zamakilasi aphezulu, asatshalaliswa kuzikwele ezivaliwe, nezindawo ezingcwele nezinkundla ezinamakamelo amakhulu engxenyeni engenhla. Ezindaweni ezizungeze inhliziyo yeTenam Puente kukhona izinsalela zedolobha elidala, yize kuguqulwe kakhulu ngumsebenzi wamanje wezolimo.
Ukwakheka kwendawo yamabhilidi akule ndawo kufana kakhulu nokwamanye amasayithi eCentral Depression yaseChiapas (indawo eyisicaba emngceleni weSierra Madre de Chiapas, iCentral Plateau kanye nezintaba ezisenyakatho). Emfuleni Umfula iGrijalva nemithamo yayo isatshalaliswa enanini elikhulu lamasayithi anezici ezifanayo kakhulu zokwakha namasu wokwakha, ngokususelwa kumabhulokhi e-limestone asikwe kahle. Ukuqedwa kusetshenziswe nge-stucco, esalondolozwe kwezinye izindonga, phansi nasezitebhisini, ezinye izitezi zamatshe amatshe angabonakala.
Okunye okuphawulekile ukuba khona kwemidlalo emithathu yebhola, empeleni ukufinyelela kuTenam Puente bekuyinkantolo enkulu yebhola. Ezingxenyeni eziphakeme, emazingeni ehlukene, kuneminye imidlalo emibili yebhola, emincane ngosayizi futhi okungenzeka ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa phakathi kwamakilasi aphezulu. Ukuhlelwa kwezinkundla zebhola esikhaleni sokwakha indawo kugcwalisa umsebenzi wokukhawulela ukufinyelela ezikhaleni ezingcwele ngesithiyo senkambiso, njengoba kushiwo ekulandiseni kwezivivinyo amawele ayigugu afakwa kuzo ukuze anqobe amabutho abaphansi ngaphansi kwe-Popol Vuh.
Izinyathelo zabo ziyakhuluma
Indawo ehleliwe yeTenam Puente yavumela izakhamuzi zayo ukuthi zilawule umzila wezohwebo oxhumanisa izindawo eziphakeme zaseChiapas naseGuatemala nokudangala okuphakathi kweChiapas. Amaqoqo e-ceramic avela ekumbeni kwale ndawo, akhombisa ukuhweba okusebenzayo kakhulu nezinye izindawo ezikude kakhulu zesifunda seComitán, njengeminenke evela eGulf of Mexico.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungcwatshwa okutholakele kunika ingxenye yokuba khona kwabantu abakhulu abafakwa kubo iminikelo eminingi efana nemikhumbi, izinto zamatshe eziluhlaza, imihlobiso eyenziwe ngegobolondo nameva e-stingray. Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu kumbiwa, ukungcwatshwa kanye nokuhlolwa okwenziwe kuze kube namuhla, sesiqala ukufunda kabanzi nangaphezulu ngokuthuthuka kwamasiko okutholwe yile ndawo kaMayan. Ngokutholakele kungenzeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uTenam Puente ubambe iqhaza esigabeni sokugcina senkambiso yamaMayan emele ukushintshela ekuqaleni kwePostclassic, umzuzwana lapho insimbi izuza khona amandla amakhulu kanye nezinto ezenziwe nge-alabaster.
Okwedlule kukaComitan
IBalum Canan yasendulo, "Indawo yezinkanyezi eziyisishiyagalolunye", isungulwe exhaphozini ngamaNdiya aseTzeltal, asayibiza kanjalo. Ngo-1486 umphakathi washintsha igama lawo waba ngu- Komitlan, Igama lesiNahuatl elisho ukuthi “Indawo yemfiva”. Ngo-1528 yanqotshwa uPedro de Porto Carrero; kwathi ngo-1556 uDiego Tinoco wathutha wasungula idolobha endaweni elikuyo namuhla.
